Ergenlerin Sosyal Kaygılarının Kişilerarası Problem Çözme ve Mükemmeliyetçilik Açısından İncelenmesi

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 729 - 740, 26.06.2009

Erdal Hamarta

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı ergenlerin sorunu çözme ve mükemmeliyetçilik düzeylerilerinin sosyal kaygı düzeylerini anlamıyla yordayıp yordama nedir. Araştırma genel tarama modelinde yapılmış 281'i kız 291'i erkek olmak için toplam 572 lise öğrenciden katıldı. Verilerin toplanmasında, Ergenler çin Sosyal Kaygı Ölçeği, Kişilerarası Problem Çözme Envanteri ve Çok Boyutlu Mükemmeliyetçilik Ölçeği. Araştırma bulguları problem çözme ve mükemmeliyetçiliğin sosyal kaygının (olumsuz değerlendirilme korkusu, genel sıralama sosyal kaçınma ve huzursuzluk duyma, yeni kural sosyal kaçınma ve huzursuzluk duyma) önemli bir yordayıcısı olduğunu göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sosyal Kaygı, Kişilerarası Problem Çözme, Mükemmeliyetçilik

Examining The Social Anxiety of Adolescents With Regards to Interpersonal Problem Solving And Perfectionism

Öz

The purpose of this study was to examine whether or not problem solving and perfectionism
levels significantly predict the social anxiety of adolescents. Main instruments are Information Form, Social
Anxiety Scale, Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, and interpersonal problem solving inventory. The study
was in survey model and participants were 572 (281 female, 291 male) adolescents. Results demonstrated that
problem solving and perfectionism (Fear of Negative Evaluation, General Social Avoidance and Distress and
Social Avoidance and Distress in New Situations) are significant predictors of social anxiety.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Social Anxiety, Interpersonal Problem Solving, Perfectionism

Kaynakça

• Adalbjarnardottir, S. (1995). How schoolchildren propose to negotiate: the role of social withdrawal, social anxiety, and locus of control. Child Development, 66, 1739-1751.
• Albano, A. M. & Hayward. (2004). Social anxiety disorder. In Ollendick, T. H. (Ed.). Phobic and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: A clinician (pp. 198-235). Cary, NC, USA: Oxford University Press.
• Alden, L.E., Taylor C.T., (2004) Interpersonal processes in social phobia. Clinical Psychology Review 24, 857– 882.
• Andrew C. High, Scott E. Caplan. (2009). Social anxiety and computer-mediated communication during initial interactions: Implications for the hyperpersonal perspective. Computers in Human Behavior, 25(2), 475- 482.
• APA (2001). DSM IV Tan Ölçütleri Ba vuru Kitab , Çev: ErtuHrul KÖRÜKO\LU, Hekimler Yay:n BirliHi, Ankara.
• Ashbaugh, A., Antony, M. M., Liss,A., Summerfeldt,L.J., McCabe, R. E., & Swinson, R. P. (2007). Changes :n perfectionism following cognitive- behavioral treatment for soc:al phobia. Depression and Anxiety, 24,169–
• Ayd:n, A., & Tekinsav-Sütçü, S. (2007). Ergenler için sosyal kayg: ölçeHinin (ESKÖ) geçerlik ve güvenirliHinin incelenmesi. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sa l Dergisi, 14(2), 79-89.
• Bacanl:, H. (1999).Sosyal Beceri E itimi. Ankara: Nobel Yay:n DaH:t:m.
• Bayramkaya, E., Toros, E. ve Özge, C. (2005). Ergenlerde sosyal fobi ile depreson, öz kavram, sigara al:Bkanl:H: aras:ndaki iliBki. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni, 15(4), 165-173.
• Beidel D.C, Turner, S. M., & Morris T. L. (1999). Psychopathology of childhood social phobia. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38(6), 643-650.
• Beidel, D. C., Turner, S. M., & Dancu, C.V. (1982). Physiolog:cal, cognitive and behavioral aspects of social anxiety. Behaviour research and therapy, 23(2), 109-117.
• Beiledel, D. C., Morris, T. L., & Turner, M. W. (2004). Social phobia. In March, John (Ed.). Anxiety disorder in Children and adolescents (2nd Edition) (pp.141-164). New York, NY, USA: Guilford publications.
• Belzer, K. D., D’Zurilla, T. J., & Maydeu-Olivares, A. (2002). Social problem solving and trait anxiety as predictors of worry in a college student population. Personality and Individual Differences, 33, 573- 585.
• Berndt, T. J. (1982). The features and effects of friendship in early adolescence. Child Development, 53, 1447- 1460.
• Blankstein, K. R., Flett, G. L., Hewitt, P. L., & Eng, A. (1993). Dimensions of perfectionism and irrational fears: An examination with the fear survey schedule. Personality and Individual Differences, 15, 323-328.
• Burgess, K.B., Wojslawowicz, J. C., Rubin, K. H., Rose-Krasnor, L., & Booth-LaForce, C. (2006).Social :nformation processing and coping strategies of shy/withdrawn and aggressive children: does friendship matter? Child Development, 77(2), 371 – 383.
• Burns, D. D. (1980). The perfectionist’s script for self-defeat. Psychology Today, 13, 34- 52.
• Carleton, R. N., Collimore, K.C., & Asmundson G. J.G. (2007). Social anxiety and fear of negative evaluation: Construct validity of the BFNE-II. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 21, 131–141.
• Cihangir, Z. (2003). Ki ileraras leti imde Dinleme Becerisi. Ankara: Nobel Yay:n daH:t:m.
• Clark, D.M., & Wells, A. (1995). A cognitivemodel of social phobia. In: R. G. Heimberg,M. R. Liebowitz, D. A. Hope,& F. R. Schneier (Eds.), Social phobia: diagnosis, assessment, and treatment (pp. 69–93). New York: Guilford Press.
• Çam, S., & Tümkaya, S. (2007). Developing the interpersonal problem solving inventory (IPSI): The validity and reliability process. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 28(3), 95-111.
• Çam, S. & Tümkaya, S. (2008). Development of interpersonal problem solving inventory for high school students: The validity and reliability process. International Journal of Human Sciences 5,2,1-17.
• D’Zurilla, T. J., & Nezu, A. M. (1990). Development and preliminary evaluation of the Social Problem- Solving Inventory (SPSI). Psychological Assessment, 2, 156-163.
• D’Zurilla, T. J., & Chang, E. C. (1995). The relations between social problem solving and coping. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 19(5), 547-562.
• D’Zurilla, T. J., & Goldfried, M. R. (1971). Problem solving and behavior modification. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 18, 407-426.
• D’Zurilla, T. J., & Nezu, A. (1982). Social problem-solving in adults. In P. C. Kendall (Ed.), Advances in cognitive-behavioral research and therapy (Vol. 1, pp. 201-274). New York: Academic Press.
• D’Zurilla, T. J., Nezu, A. M., & Maydeu-Olivares, A. (2004). Social problem solving: Theory and Assessment. In E. C. Chang, T. J. D’Zurilla, & L. J. Sanna (Eds.), Social problem solving: Theory, research, and training. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
• D’Zurilla, T. J., Nezu, A. M., & Maydeu-Olivares, A. (2002). Manual for the social problem solving nventory G revised (SPSI–R). North Tonawanda, NY: Multi-Health Systems.
• D’Zurilla, T. J., Chang, E. C., & Sanna, L. J. (2003). Self-esteem and social problem-solving as predictors of aggression in college students. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 22, 424-440.
• Demir, S., Kaya, A. (2008). Grup rehberliHi program:n:n ergenlerin sosyal kabul düzeyleri ve sosyometrik statülerine etkisi. lkö retim Online, 7(1), 127-140, 2008. [Online]: http://ilkogretim-online.org.tr adresinden 01 Wubat 2009 tarihinde indirilmiBtir.
• Dodge, C. S., Heimberg, R. G., Nyman, D., & O’Brian, G. T. (1987). Daily interactions of high and low socially anxious college students: A diary study. Behavior Therapy, 18, 90–96.
• Eisenberg, N., Shepard, S.A., Fabes, R.A., Murphy, B.C., & Guthrie, I.K. (1998). Shyness and children’s emotionality, regulation, and coping: Contemporaneous, longitudinal, and across-context relations. Child Development, 69, 767–790.
• Eng, W., Coles, M. E., Heimberg, R. G., & Safren, S. A. (2005). Domains of life satisfaction in social anxiety disorder: relation to symptoms and response to cognitive-behavioral therapy. Anxiety Disorders, 19, 143–
• Eren-GümüB, A. (2006). Sosyal kayg:n:n benlik sayg:s:na ve iBlevsel olmayan tutumlara göre yordanmas:. Türk Psikolojik Dan ma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 26, 63-75.
• Erözkan, A. (2009). JlköHretim Sekizinci S:n:f ÖHrencilerinde Depresyonun Yorday:c:lar:.
• lkö retim Online, 8(2), 334-345, 2009. [Online]: http://ilkogretim-online.org.tr adresinden 01 Wubat 2009 tarihinde indirilmiBtir.
• Findlay, L.G., Coplan, R. J., & Bowker A. (2009). Keeping it all inside: Shyness, internalizing coping strategiies and socio-emotional adjustment in middle childhood. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 33(1) 47-54.
• Flett, G. L., Hewitt, P. L., Blankstein, K. R., & Koledin, S. (1991). Dimensions of perfectionism and irrational thinking. Journal of Rational Emotive and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, 19, 185-201.
• Frost, R. O., Marten, P., Lahart, C., & Rosenblate, R. (1990). The dimensions of perfectionism. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14, 449-468.
• Hamarta, E. (2009). A Prediction of Self-Esteem and Life Satisfaction by Social Problem Solving. Social behavior and personality: An International Journal, 37(1),73-82.
• Hart, T. A., Turk, C. L., Heimberg, R. G., & Liebowitz, M. R. (1999). Relation of marital status to social phobia severity. Depression and Anxiety, 10, 28–32.
• Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (1991). Dimensions of perfectionism in unipolar depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 98-101.
• Hope, D. A., Heimberg, R. G., & Klein, J. F. (1990). Social anxiety and the recall of interpersonal information. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 4, 185-195.
• Hortaçsu, N. (2003). Çocuklukta ili kiler- ana baba, karde ve arkada lar. Jstanbul: Jmge kitabevi.
• Juster, H. R., Heimber, R. G., Frost, R. O., Holt, C. S., Mattia, J. I., & Faccend, K. (1996). Social phobia and perfectionism. Personality and Individual Differences, 21, 403-410.
• KarakaB, Y. (2008). Lise ö rencilerinin mükemmeliyetçilik düzeyleri ile sosyal kayg düzeyleri aras ndaki ili ki. Yay:nlanmam:B yüksek lisans tezi. MuHla Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, MuHla.
• Kashdan, T. B. (2002). Social anxiety dimensions, neuroticism, and the contours of positive psychological functioning. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26(6), 789–810.
• Kawamura, K. Y., Hunt, S. L., Frost, R. O., & DiBartolo, P. M. (2001). Perfectionism, anxiety, and depression: Are the relationships independent? Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25, 291–301.
• Korkut, F. (2004). Okul temelli önleyici rehberlik ve psikolojik dan ma. Ankara: An: yay:nc:l:k.
• La Greca, A. M., & Lopez, N. (1998). Social anxiety among adolescents: Linkages with peer relations and friendships. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 26, 83-94
• Leary, M. L. (1983). Social anxiousness: the construct and its measurement. Journal Of Personality Assessment, 47(1), 66-75.
• Leary, M. R., & Kowalski, R. M. (1995). Social anxiety. New York: The Guilford Press.
• Liebowitz, M. R., Gorman, J. M., Fyer, A. J., & Klein, D. F. (1985). Social phobia: review of a neglected anxiety disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 42, 729–736.
• Lundh L.G., Öst L.G.(2001). Attentional bias, self-consciousness and perfectionism in social phobia before and after cognitive-behaviour therapy. Scandinavian Journal of Behaviour Therapy, 30, 4–16.
• Maydeu-Olivares, A., & D’Zurilla, T. J. (1996). A factor analytic study of the Social Problem-Solving Inventory: An integration of theory and data. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 20, 115-133.
• McLean, Peter, D. (2001). Anxiety Disorders in Adults: An Evidence-Based Approach to Psychological treatment. Cary, NC, USA: Oxford University Press.
• M:s:rl:-TaBdemir, Ö. (2004). Üstün yetenekli çocuklarda mükemmeliyetçilik, s nav kayg s , benlik sayg s , kontrol oda , öz-yeterlilik ve problem çözme becerileri aras ndaki ili kinin incelenmesi. Yay:nlanmam:B Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Trabzon.
• Nurmi, J.E. (2004). Socialization and self-development-channeling, selection, adjustment, and re`ection. Richard M. Lerner and Laurence Steinberg (Ed.) Handbook of adolescent psychology. 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.
• Öztürk, M., Sayar, K., UHurad, I., Tüzün, Ü. (2005). Sosyal fobisi olan çocuklar:n annelerinde sosyal fobi yayg:nl:H:. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni, 15, 60-64.
• Palanc:, M. (2004). Üniversite ö rencilerinin sosyal kayg sorunlar n aç klamaya yönelik bir model çal mas . XIII. Ulusal EHitim Bilimleri Kurultay:’nda sunulan Bildiri, Jnönü Üniversitesi, EHitim Fakültesi, Malatya.
• Rosser, S., Issakidis, C., & Peters, L. (2003). Perfectionism and social phobia: relationship between the constructs and :mpact on cognitive behavior therapy. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27(2), 143-151.
• Rubin, K. H., & Mills, R. S. L. (1988). The many faces of social isolation in childhood. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 916-924.
• Sanders, D. J. (2003). Counselling for Anxiety Problems (Second Edition). London, GBR: Sage Publications, Incorporated.
• Santanello, A. W., & Gardner, F. L. (2007). The role of experiential avoidance in the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and worry. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 31(3), 319-332.
• Schlenker, B. R., & Leary, M. R. (1982). Social anxiety and self-presentation: A conceptualization and model. Psychological Bulletin, 92, 641–669.
• Slaney, R. B., & Ashby, J. S. (1996). Perfectionists: Study of a criterion group. Journal of Counseling and Development, 74, 393-398.
• Spence, S. H., Donovan, C., & Brechman-Toussaint, M. (1999). Social skills, social outcomes, and cognitive features of childhood social phobia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108, 211–221.
• Stewart, S.L., & Rubin, K.H. (1995). The social problem-solving skills of anxious-withdrawn children. Development and Psychopathology, 7, 323–336.
• Stöber, J., Joormann, J. (2001). Worry, procrastination, and perfectionism: differentiating amount of worry, pathological worry, anxiety, and depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25(1), 49-60.
• Stoeber, J. & Stoeber F. S. (2009). Domains of perfectionism: Prevalence and relationships with perfectionism, gender, age, and satisfaction with life. Personality and Individual Differences, 46, 530–535.
• Turner S. M., Beidel D.C.,& Larkin K.T. (1986). Situational determinants of social anxiety in clinic and nonclinic samples: physiological and cognitive correlates. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54(4), 523-527.
• Turner, S. M., Beidel, D. C., Dancu, D. V., & Keys, D. J. (1986). Psychopathology of social phobia and comparison to avoidant personality disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 389–394.
• Türkçapar, M. H. (1999). Sosyal fobinin psikolojik kuram:. Klinik Psikiyatri, 2, 247-253.
• Walsh, J. (2005). Syhness and Social Phobia: A social work perspective on a Problem in Living. Healt & Social Work, 27(2), 137-144.