Öz
The aim of this study is to determine the problems effecting programming process of preservice information technology teachers and the reasons of these problems by monitoring programming process. In this study, programming processes of pre-service teachers were investigated with cognitive task analysis. Six Information Technologies teacher candidates, taking Internet Based Programming course in Fall Semester of 2011-2012 academic year at the Department of Computer Education and Instructional Technologies (CEIT) at Hacettepe University, participated in the study. Participants were divided to three groups, namely advanced, intermediate and beginner according to their prior programming knowledge and experiences, Tasks of writing program and reading program were assigned to the participants. After the tasks of reading program and thinking and writing program simultaneously, interviews were made with retrospective thinking aloud procedure. The data was analyzed by the NVivo 8 package program. It was found that while participants in advanced level were more successful in the task of writing program, participants in intermediate level were more successful in the task of reading program. The findings indicated that these two processes, writing program and reading program, may require different skills and cognitive processes.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Programming pre-service information technology teachers cognitive processes
Kaynakça
- Akpınar, Y. ve Altun, A. (2014). Bilgi toplumu okullarında programlama eğitimi gereksinimi. İlköğretim Online. 13(1).1-4
- Altun, A. ve Mazman, S.G. (2012). Programlamaya İlişkin Öz Yeterlilik Algısı Ölçeğinin Türkçe Formumun Geçerlilik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Eğitimde ve Psikolojide Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Dergisi, 3(2), 297- 308
- Aşkar, P. & Davenport, D. (2009). An Investigation of Factors Related to Self-Efficacy for Java Programming Among Engineering Students, The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology – TOJET January. 8(1).
- Bednarik, R. & Tukiainen, M. (2004). Visual Attention and Representation Switching in Java Program Debugging: A Study Using Eye Movement Tracking. In Proceedings of 16th Annual Psychology of Programming Interest Group Workshop (PPIG'04), Institute of Technology Carlow, Ireland, April 5-7, 2004, pp. 159-169.
- Bednarik, R., & Tukiainen, M. (2006). An Eye-tracking Methodology for Characterizing Program Comprehension. In Proceedings the 2006 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications, ETRA 2006, March 27-29, San Diego, CA, USA, ACM Press, pp. 125 - 132. Creswell, J. W. (2007). Educational research: Planning, condacting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.
- Crosby, M. E. & Stelovsky, J. (1990) How do we read algorithms? A case study. IEEE Computer, (23)1, 24–35.
- Ersoy, H., Madran, R.O. ve Gülbahar, Y. (2006). Programlama Dilleri Öğretimine Bir Model Önerisi: Robot Programlama. Akademik Bilişim ’07 Konferansı, Kütahya
- Jenkins, T. (2002). On the difficulty of learning to program. In 3rd annual Conference of LTSN-ICS, Loughbrorough University, Leicestershire, UK
- Ko, A. J., & Uttl, B. (2003). Individual differences in program comprehension strategies in unfamiliar programming systems. Iwpc 2003: 11th Ieee International Workshop on Program Comprehension, 175-184.
- Miles, M. B., & A. M. Huberman. Qualitative Data Analysis: A Sourcebook of New Methods. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1984. von Mayrhauser, a. & Vans, A.M. (1996). Identification of dynamic comprehension processes during large scale maintenance. IEEE Transactionson Software Engineering 22,6,424–437.
- Weir CR, Nebeker JJ, Hicken BL, Campo R, Drews, F. & Lebar B. A. (2007) . Cognitive task analysis of information management strategies in a computerized provider order entry environment. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2007;14(1):65-75.
- Wilson, B. C. (2002). A study of factors promoting success in computer science including gender differences. Computer Science Education, 12(1–2), 141–164.
- Yıldırım, A., ve Şimşek, H., (2011). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri (8. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayınevi.
- Yusof, N. M. & Yin, W. C. (2010). "Multimedia Learning System (MMLS): Valuing the Significance of Cognitive Task Technique and User Interface Design". Paper presented in Information Technology (ITSim), 2010 International Symposium. 17 June 2010 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 1 –
Öz
Bu çalışmanın amacı, bilişim teknolojileri öğretmen adaylarının programlama sürecini izleyerek, bu süreçteki sorunları ve bu sorunların nedenlerini belirlemektir. Bu çalışmada bilişsel görev analizi ile öğretmen adaylarının programlama süreçleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmaya Hacettepe Üniversitesi Bilgisayar ve Öğretim Teknolojileri Eğitimi (BÖTE) Bölümü’nde 2011-2012 Güz Dönemi’nde İnternet Tabanlı Programlama dersine devam eden 6 bilişim teknolojileri öğretmen adayı katılmıştır. Katılımcılar önceki programlama bilgi ve deneyimlerine göre ileri, orta ve düşük olmak üzere üçe ayrılmıştır. Katılımcılara program yazma ve program okuma görevleri verilmiştir. Program okuma görevi ile eş-zamanlı düşünme ve program yazma görevinden sonra geriye dönük sesli düşünme ile görüşme yapılmıştır. Veriler NVivo 8 programı yardımıyla analiz edilmiştir. Program yazma görevinde ileri düzeydeki katılımcılar daha başarılı olurken, program okuma görevinde orta düzeydeki katılımcıların daha başarılı olduğu görülmektedir. Bu durum, program yazma ve okuma görevlerinin birbirinden farklı beceriler gerektirdiğini ve farklı bilişsel süreçler içerdiğini göstermektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Programlama bilişim teknolojileri öğretmen adayları bilişsel süreçler
Kaynakça
- Akpınar, Y. ve Altun, A. (2014). Bilgi toplumu okullarında programlama eğitimi gereksinimi. İlköğretim Online. 13(1).1-4
- Altun, A. ve Mazman, S.G. (2012). Programlamaya İlişkin Öz Yeterlilik Algısı Ölçeğinin Türkçe Formumun Geçerlilik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Eğitimde ve Psikolojide Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Dergisi, 3(2), 297- 308
- Aşkar, P. & Davenport, D. (2009). An Investigation of Factors Related to Self-Efficacy for Java Programming Among Engineering Students, The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology – TOJET January. 8(1).
- Bednarik, R. & Tukiainen, M. (2004). Visual Attention and Representation Switching in Java Program Debugging: A Study Using Eye Movement Tracking. In Proceedings of 16th Annual Psychology of Programming Interest Group Workshop (PPIG'04), Institute of Technology Carlow, Ireland, April 5-7, 2004, pp. 159-169.
- Bednarik, R., & Tukiainen, M. (2006). An Eye-tracking Methodology for Characterizing Program Comprehension. In Proceedings the 2006 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications, ETRA 2006, March 27-29, San Diego, CA, USA, ACM Press, pp. 125 - 132. Creswell, J. W. (2007). Educational research: Planning, condacting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.
- Crosby, M. E. & Stelovsky, J. (1990) How do we read algorithms? A case study. IEEE Computer, (23)1, 24–35.
- Ersoy, H., Madran, R.O. ve Gülbahar, Y. (2006). Programlama Dilleri Öğretimine Bir Model Önerisi: Robot Programlama. Akademik Bilişim ’07 Konferansı, Kütahya
- Jenkins, T. (2002). On the difficulty of learning to program. In 3rd annual Conference of LTSN-ICS, Loughbrorough University, Leicestershire, UK
- Ko, A. J., & Uttl, B. (2003). Individual differences in program comprehension strategies in unfamiliar programming systems. Iwpc 2003: 11th Ieee International Workshop on Program Comprehension, 175-184.
- Miles, M. B., & A. M. Huberman. Qualitative Data Analysis: A Sourcebook of New Methods. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1984. von Mayrhauser, a. & Vans, A.M. (1996). Identification of dynamic comprehension processes during large scale maintenance. IEEE Transactionson Software Engineering 22,6,424–437.
- Weir CR, Nebeker JJ, Hicken BL, Campo R, Drews, F. & Lebar B. A. (2007) . Cognitive task analysis of information management strategies in a computerized provider order entry environment. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2007;14(1):65-75.
- Wilson, B. C. (2002). A study of factors promoting success in computer science including gender differences. Computer Science Education, 12(1–2), 141–164.
- Yıldırım, A., ve Şimşek, H., (2011). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri (8. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayınevi.
- Yusof, N. M. & Yin, W. C. (2010). "Multimedia Learning System (MMLS): Valuing the Significance of Cognitive Task Technique and User Interface Design". Paper presented in Information Technology (ITSim), 2010 International Symposium. 17 June 2010 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 1 –
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 3 Kasım 2014 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2014 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 4 |