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Bangladeş Hukuk Sisteminde Şüf'a ‘Önalım’ Hakkı Uygulamasının İslam Hukuku Çerçevesinde İncelenmesi

Yıl 2023, , 459 - 483, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.20486/imad.1351411

Öz

Şüf‘a (önalım) yasası, İslami hukukun önemli bir unsurunu oluşturur ve arazi ortakları ile komşularının haklarını koruma amacını taşır. M.S. 622 tarihinde ortaya çıkmış olan bu yasa, 1400 yılı aşkın süredir Müslüman imparatorluklarda büyük bir rol oynamıştır. Günümüzdeki bölünmüş arazi işlemleri ve azalan kişi başına düşen arazi miktarı gibi çağdaş zorluklara yanıt olarak, arazi yönetimi yasalarının modernleştirilmesi gerekliliği, özellikle ön satın alma haklarını içerir. Bu makale, Şüf‘a Yasasının farklı yönlerini ele almakta ve Bangladeş'in mevcut ulusal yasal çerçeveleri ile karşılaştırmaktadır. Ön alım hakkı, bir mülkün üçüncü bir tarafa satılması öncesinde ortaklara satın alma hakkı sunar. Bangladeş'te, üç farklı yasal yaklaşım öne çıkmaktadır: Müslüman (İslam) Hukuku Yaklaşımı, Devlet İktisap ve Kiracılık Yasası (1950) ve Tarım Dışı Kiracılık Yasası (1949). Bu çalışma, Bangladeş aile hukukunda önem arz eden Hanefi mezhebinin bakış açısına odaklanarak, çoğunluğun bu mezhebe yaygın biçimde bağlı olmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Ayrıca çalışma, Bangladeş'te ön alım hakkının hukuki durumunu İslam hukuku açısından incelemeyi, bu konuya çözümler üretmeyi ve ön alım hukuku ilkelerinin mevcut arazi hukuku uygulamalarına entegre edilmesinin fizibilitesini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Abī Shaybah, ʻAbd Allāh Ibn Muḥammad Ibn Ibrāhīm. Muṣannaf Ibn Abī Shaybah. Saudi Arabia: al-Rushd, 2004.
  • Bābartī, Akmal al-Dīn. Al-ʻInāyah Sharḥ al-Hidāyah. Beirut-Lebanon: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, 1st Ed., 2007.
  • Berki, Ali Himmet. Açıklamalı Mecelle (Mecelle-i Ahkam-ı Adliyye). İstanbul: Hikmet Yayınları, 1982.
  • Bukhārī, Abū ʻAbd Allāh Muḥammad Ibn Ismāʻīl Ibn. Ṣaḥīḥ Al-Bukhārī. Bangladesh: Hamidiya Library, 2002.
  • Çeker, Orhan. İslam Hukukunda Akidler. Konya: Tekin Kitabevi, 2nd Ed., 2019.
  • Chagir, Ahmed. “Right of Preemption in Muslim Law.” Lawyers Club (2021). https://lawyersclubbangladesh.com/2021/04/27/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%85/
  • Dönmez, İbrahim Kâfi. “Şüf’a.” Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 39/248–252, 2010.
  • Eminefendizâde, Ali Haydar Efendi. Dürerü’l-Hükkâm Şerh-i Mecelleti’l-Ahkâm. Kostantiniye: Matbaa-i Ebüzziya, 1330.
  • Fayyūmī, Aḥmad Ibn Muḥammad Ibn ʻAlī. Al-Miṣbāḥ al-Munīr. Egypt: Dār al-Maʻārif-al-Qāhirah, 2001.
  • Fyzee, Asaf A. A. Outlines of Muhammadan Law. England: Oxford University Press, 4th Ed., 1993.
  • Haque, Mohammad Hamidul. Trial of Civil Suits and Criminal Cases. Uttarakhand: India: Universal Book House, 2010.
  • Ḥaṣkafī, Muḥammad Ibn ʻAlī Ibn Muḥammad Ibn ʻAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ḥanafī. Al-Durr al-Mukhtār Sharḥ Tanwīr al-Abṣār Wa-Jāmiʻ al-Biḥār. Beirut-Lebanon: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, 2002.
  • Hossain, Md. Milan. “Pre-Emption: Bangladesh Approach.” Sociology and Anthropology 3/2 (2015), 78–84.
  • Humām, Muḥammad Ibn ʻAbd al-Wāḥid al-Sywāsy al-Sakandarī Kamāl al-Dīn Ibn. Sharḥ Fatḥ Al-Qadīr ʻalá al-Hidāyah Sharḥ Bidāyat al-Mubtadī. Beirut-Lebanon: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, 2003.
  • ʻĀbidīn, Muḥammad Amīn Ibn ʻUmar. Radd Al-Muḥtār ʻalá al-Durr al-Mukhtār. Beirut-Lebanon: ʻĀlam al-Kutub, 2003.
  • ʻAlwān, ʻAbd Allāh Nāṣiḥ. Tarbiyat Al-Awlād Fī al-Islām. Egypt: Dār al-Salām lil-Ṭibāʻah wa-al-Nashr, 1992.
  • ʻAsqalānī, Aḥmad Ibn ʻAlī Ibn Muḥammad Ibn Ḥajar. Fatḥ Al-Bārī Sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Egypt: Maktabat al-Dār al-Salām, 1998.
  • ʻAynī, Maḥmūd ibn Aḥmad ibn Mūsá Badr al-Dīn. Alibnāyah Fī Sharḥ Al-Hidāyah. Beirut-Lebanon: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, 2000.
  • Ibn Ḥazm, ʻAlī Ibn Aḥmad Ibn Saʻīd. Al-Muḥallá. Beirut-Lebanon: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, 2001.
  • Ibn Kathīr, Ismāʻīl Ibn ʻUmar. Tafsīr Ibn Kathīr. Riyadh: Dār Ṭaybah, 1999.
  • Ibn Mājah, Muḥammad Ibn Yazīd al-Rabʻī al-Qazwīnī Abū ʻAbd Allāh. Sunan Ibn Mājah. Egypt: Dār Iḥyāʼ al-Kutub al-ʻArabīyah, 1999.
  • Ibn Qudāmah, ʻAbd Allāh Ibn Muḥammad. Al-Mughnī. Riyadh: Dār ʻĀlam al-Kutub, 1997.
  • Karaman, Hayrettin. Ana Hatlarıyla İslam Hukuku. İstanbul: Ensar Neşriyat, 1987.
  • Kāsānī, Abū Bakr Ibn Masʻūd. Badāʼiʻ Al-Ṣanāʼiʻ Fī Tartīb al-Sharāʼiʻ. Beirut-Lebanon: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, 2003.
  • Mālik, Mālik ibn Anas ibn. Al-Mudawwanah al-Kubrá. Saudi Arabia: Wizārat al-Awqāf al-Saʻūdīyah-Maṭbaʻat al-Saʻādah, 1324.
  • Mawṣulī, ʻAbd Allāh Ibn Maḥmūd Ibn Mawdūd. Al-Ikhtiyār Li-Taʻlīl al-Mukhtār. Beirut-Lebanon: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, 1999.
  • Maydānī, ʻAbd al-Ghanī al-Ghunaymī. Al-Lubāb Fī Sharḥ al-Kitāb. Beirut-Lebanon: al-Maktabah al-ʻIlmīyah, 2002.
  • Marginānī, ʻAlī Ibn Abī Bakr Burhān al-Dīn Abū al-Ḥasan. Al-Hidāyah Sharḥ Bidāyat al-Mubtadī. Pakistan: Idārat al-Qurʼān wa-al-ʻUlūm al-Islāmīyah, 1417.
  • Müslim, Ebul Hüseyin Muslim Ibn Haccac. Sahihi Müslim. İstanbul: İrfan Yayınları, 1990.
  • Qarāfī, Aḥmad ibn Idrīs Shihāb al-Dīn. Al-Dhakhīrah. Beirut-Lebanon: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī, 1994.
  • Qudūrī, Muḥammad Ibn Aḥmad Ibn Jaʻfar Ibn Abū al-Ḥusayn. Mukhtaṣar Al-Qudūrī. Beirut-Lebanon: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, 1997.
  • Rahman, Md. Sajidur. “What, Why, Where Preemption.” Prothom Alo (May 23, 2023). https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/nsu15wf982
  • Rahman, Syed Lutfor. Pre-Emption Laws in Bangladesh. Dhaka: Ain-Grantha Prokashak, 1984.
  • Rashid, Khalid. Muslim Law. Lucknow-India: Eastern Book Company, 4th Ed., 2004.
  • Ṣanʻānī, ʻAbd al-Razzāq Ibn Hammām. Muṣannaf ʻAbd Al-Razzāq. Egypt: Dār al-taʼṣīl, 2015.
  • Sarakhsī, Abū Bakr Muḥammad Ibn Aḥmad Ibn Shams al-Dīn. Al-Mabsūṭ. Beirut-Lebanon: Dār al-Maʻrifah, 1989.
  • Shaybānī, Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan. Al-Aṣl. Doha, Qatar: Wizārat al-Awqāf wa-al-Shuʼūn al-Islāmīyah, 2012. Tirmidhī, Muḥammad Ibn ʻĪsá Ibn Mūsá. Sunan Al-Tirmidhī. Egypt: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī, 1996.
  • The State Acquisition and Tenancy Amendment Act, 2006, The State Acquisition and Tenancy Amendment Act, 2006. Laws of Bangladesh-Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (1951). http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-241/section-7076.html
  • Zaylaī, ʻUthmān Ibn Fakhr al-Dīn ʻAlī. Tabyīn Al-Ḥaqāʼiq Sharḥ Kanz al-Daqāʼiq. Egypt: al-Maṭbaʻah al-Amīrīyah al-Kubrá, 1314.

Analyzing the Implementation of Shufʻah 'Preemption Rights' in the Legal System of Bangladesh within the Framework of Islamic Law

Yıl 2023, , 459 - 483, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.20486/imad.1351411

Öz

The Shufʻah ‘preemption’ law, a significant component of Islamic Shari'ah law, safeguards the rights of land partners and neighbors. Originating in 622 AD, it has played a crucial role in Muslim empires for over 1400 years. In response to contemporary challenges, such as fragmented land transactions and decreasing per capita land availability, modernizing land management laws, including pre-purchase rights, is essential. This article examines the Shufʻah Law's dimensions and compares Bangladesh's current national legal framework. Pre-emption rights empower co-sharers to acquire land before others, with consent or waiver paving the way for third-party acquisition. In Bangladesh, three legal approaches to pre-emption exist: the Muslim Law Approach, the State Acquisition & Tenancy Act 1950 Approach, and the Non-agricultural Tenancy Act 1949 Approach. The research relies on the viewpoint of the Hanafi school, which holds significance in Bangladesh's family law owing to the widespread adherence of the majority to this specific Madhab. In addition, the study seeks to explore the legal standing of the right of pre-emption in Bangladesh through the lens of Islamic law, provide solutions to this matter, and assess the feasibility of integrating pre-emption law principles into contemporary land law practices.

Kaynakça

  • Abī Shaybah, ʻAbd Allāh Ibn Muḥammad Ibn Ibrāhīm. Muṣannaf Ibn Abī Shaybah. Saudi Arabia: al-Rushd, 2004.
  • Bābartī, Akmal al-Dīn. Al-ʻInāyah Sharḥ al-Hidāyah. Beirut-Lebanon: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, 1st Ed., 2007.
  • Berki, Ali Himmet. Açıklamalı Mecelle (Mecelle-i Ahkam-ı Adliyye). İstanbul: Hikmet Yayınları, 1982.
  • Bukhārī, Abū ʻAbd Allāh Muḥammad Ibn Ismāʻīl Ibn. Ṣaḥīḥ Al-Bukhārī. Bangladesh: Hamidiya Library, 2002.
  • Çeker, Orhan. İslam Hukukunda Akidler. Konya: Tekin Kitabevi, 2nd Ed., 2019.
  • Chagir, Ahmed. “Right of Preemption in Muslim Law.” Lawyers Club (2021). https://lawyersclubbangladesh.com/2021/04/27/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%85/
  • Dönmez, İbrahim Kâfi. “Şüf’a.” Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 39/248–252, 2010.
  • Eminefendizâde, Ali Haydar Efendi. Dürerü’l-Hükkâm Şerh-i Mecelleti’l-Ahkâm. Kostantiniye: Matbaa-i Ebüzziya, 1330.
  • Fayyūmī, Aḥmad Ibn Muḥammad Ibn ʻAlī. Al-Miṣbāḥ al-Munīr. Egypt: Dār al-Maʻārif-al-Qāhirah, 2001.
  • Fyzee, Asaf A. A. Outlines of Muhammadan Law. England: Oxford University Press, 4th Ed., 1993.
  • Haque, Mohammad Hamidul. Trial of Civil Suits and Criminal Cases. Uttarakhand: India: Universal Book House, 2010.
  • Ḥaṣkafī, Muḥammad Ibn ʻAlī Ibn Muḥammad Ibn ʻAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ḥanafī. Al-Durr al-Mukhtār Sharḥ Tanwīr al-Abṣār Wa-Jāmiʻ al-Biḥār. Beirut-Lebanon: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, 2002.
  • Hossain, Md. Milan. “Pre-Emption: Bangladesh Approach.” Sociology and Anthropology 3/2 (2015), 78–84.
  • Humām, Muḥammad Ibn ʻAbd al-Wāḥid al-Sywāsy al-Sakandarī Kamāl al-Dīn Ibn. Sharḥ Fatḥ Al-Qadīr ʻalá al-Hidāyah Sharḥ Bidāyat al-Mubtadī. Beirut-Lebanon: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, 2003.
  • ʻĀbidīn, Muḥammad Amīn Ibn ʻUmar. Radd Al-Muḥtār ʻalá al-Durr al-Mukhtār. Beirut-Lebanon: ʻĀlam al-Kutub, 2003.
  • ʻAlwān, ʻAbd Allāh Nāṣiḥ. Tarbiyat Al-Awlād Fī al-Islām. Egypt: Dār al-Salām lil-Ṭibāʻah wa-al-Nashr, 1992.
  • ʻAsqalānī, Aḥmad Ibn ʻAlī Ibn Muḥammad Ibn Ḥajar. Fatḥ Al-Bārī Sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Egypt: Maktabat al-Dār al-Salām, 1998.
  • ʻAynī, Maḥmūd ibn Aḥmad ibn Mūsá Badr al-Dīn. Alibnāyah Fī Sharḥ Al-Hidāyah. Beirut-Lebanon: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, 2000.
  • Ibn Ḥazm, ʻAlī Ibn Aḥmad Ibn Saʻīd. Al-Muḥallá. Beirut-Lebanon: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, 2001.
  • Ibn Kathīr, Ismāʻīl Ibn ʻUmar. Tafsīr Ibn Kathīr. Riyadh: Dār Ṭaybah, 1999.
  • Ibn Mājah, Muḥammad Ibn Yazīd al-Rabʻī al-Qazwīnī Abū ʻAbd Allāh. Sunan Ibn Mājah. Egypt: Dār Iḥyāʼ al-Kutub al-ʻArabīyah, 1999.
  • Ibn Qudāmah, ʻAbd Allāh Ibn Muḥammad. Al-Mughnī. Riyadh: Dār ʻĀlam al-Kutub, 1997.
  • Karaman, Hayrettin. Ana Hatlarıyla İslam Hukuku. İstanbul: Ensar Neşriyat, 1987.
  • Kāsānī, Abū Bakr Ibn Masʻūd. Badāʼiʻ Al-Ṣanāʼiʻ Fī Tartīb al-Sharāʼiʻ. Beirut-Lebanon: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, 2003.
  • Mālik, Mālik ibn Anas ibn. Al-Mudawwanah al-Kubrá. Saudi Arabia: Wizārat al-Awqāf al-Saʻūdīyah-Maṭbaʻat al-Saʻādah, 1324.
  • Mawṣulī, ʻAbd Allāh Ibn Maḥmūd Ibn Mawdūd. Al-Ikhtiyār Li-Taʻlīl al-Mukhtār. Beirut-Lebanon: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, 1999.
  • Maydānī, ʻAbd al-Ghanī al-Ghunaymī. Al-Lubāb Fī Sharḥ al-Kitāb. Beirut-Lebanon: al-Maktabah al-ʻIlmīyah, 2002.
  • Marginānī, ʻAlī Ibn Abī Bakr Burhān al-Dīn Abū al-Ḥasan. Al-Hidāyah Sharḥ Bidāyat al-Mubtadī. Pakistan: Idārat al-Qurʼān wa-al-ʻUlūm al-Islāmīyah, 1417.
  • Müslim, Ebul Hüseyin Muslim Ibn Haccac. Sahihi Müslim. İstanbul: İrfan Yayınları, 1990.
  • Qarāfī, Aḥmad ibn Idrīs Shihāb al-Dīn. Al-Dhakhīrah. Beirut-Lebanon: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī, 1994.
  • Qudūrī, Muḥammad Ibn Aḥmad Ibn Jaʻfar Ibn Abū al-Ḥusayn. Mukhtaṣar Al-Qudūrī. Beirut-Lebanon: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, 1997.
  • Rahman, Md. Sajidur. “What, Why, Where Preemption.” Prothom Alo (May 23, 2023). https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/nsu15wf982
  • Rahman, Syed Lutfor. Pre-Emption Laws in Bangladesh. Dhaka: Ain-Grantha Prokashak, 1984.
  • Rashid, Khalid. Muslim Law. Lucknow-India: Eastern Book Company, 4th Ed., 2004.
  • Ṣanʻānī, ʻAbd al-Razzāq Ibn Hammām. Muṣannaf ʻAbd Al-Razzāq. Egypt: Dār al-taʼṣīl, 2015.
  • Sarakhsī, Abū Bakr Muḥammad Ibn Aḥmad Ibn Shams al-Dīn. Al-Mabsūṭ. Beirut-Lebanon: Dār al-Maʻrifah, 1989.
  • Shaybānī, Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan. Al-Aṣl. Doha, Qatar: Wizārat al-Awqāf wa-al-Shuʼūn al-Islāmīyah, 2012. Tirmidhī, Muḥammad Ibn ʻĪsá Ibn Mūsá. Sunan Al-Tirmidhī. Egypt: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī, 1996.
  • The State Acquisition and Tenancy Amendment Act, 2006, The State Acquisition and Tenancy Amendment Act, 2006. Laws of Bangladesh-Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (1951). http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-241/section-7076.html
  • Zaylaī, ʻUthmān Ibn Fakhr al-Dīn ʻAlī. Tabyīn Al-Ḥaqāʼiq Sharḥ Kanz al-Daqāʼiq. Egypt: al-Maṭbaʻah al-Amīrīyah al-Kubrá, 1314.
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İslam Hukuku
Bölüm MAKALELER
Yazarlar

Ahm Ershad Uddın 0000-0002-6270-9117

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Ağustos 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Ershad Uddın, Ahm. “Analyzing the Implementation of Shufʻah ’Preemption Rights’ in the Legal System of Bangladesh Within the Framework of Islamic Law”. İslam Medeniyeti Araştırmaları Dergisi 8/2 (Aralık 2023), 459-483. https://doi.org/10.20486/imad.1351411.


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