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THE HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF BRITISH ISLES AND ITS FIRST PEOPLE

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 211 - 227, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.54282/inijoss.1082344

Öz

The historical geography of Britain and its first peoples are discussed with the geographical perspective provided by the concepts of "Atlantic Europe" and "Western Europe". Humbly, this study aims to contribute to the expansion of the geographical perception of England through the axis of Western European historical geography in Turkish historiography by using the light of studies on the prehistoric period. Throughout the centuries, the British Isles served as an important transit station for the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea routes as a nodal point in the north of the European mainland. In this context, Britain’s regional geography has been scrutinized by centered on the strategic location of the Island within the transportation networks. Secondly, The Celts -first known settled community of the British Isles- provided the opportunity to evaluate the population of the island through the phenomenon of migration in the prehistory period from the upper scale perspective of regional geography. The Celts, who were adept at processing iron, maintained their settlements in the British Isles for many years under the influence of this tool-equipment power that determined the superiority of other communities. Furthermore, Celts have been the subject of ethnic origin studies since the age of Nationalism. In the light of the findings, the Celts genetically influenced the red-haired tough-looking breed in Ireland and western Scotland with their dark, curly-haired typologies. It was concluded that most of the blond population in the British population came from Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian ancestors. The extensive presence of the Celts in Western Europe helps us to perceive Britain’s regional geography and reveals the historical phenomenon of geographical transitivity.

Kaynakça

  • Armit, I. (2005). Celtic Scotland. Batsford/Historic Scotland.
  • Bauer, S. W. (2013). Antik Dünya Tarihi. çev. M. Moralı, Alfa Tarih.
  • Beddoe, J. (1885). The Races of Britain a Contrubition to the Anthropology of Western Europe. Trübner and Co.
  • Bradley, R. (2007). Cambridge World Archaelogy the Prehistory of Britain and Ireland. Cambridge University Press.
  • Bradley, R. (1997). Rock Art and the Prehistory of Europe. Routledge.
  • Chadwick, N. & Barry C. (1991). The Celts. Penguin Books.
  • Childe, V. G. (1958). The Dawn of European Civilization. Alfred A. Knopf. Inc.
  • Cunliffe, B. (2013). Britain Begins. Oxford University Press.
  • Darby, H. C. (1983). Historical Geography in Britain, 1920-1980: Continuity and Change. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 421-428.
  • Darvill, T. (2010). Prehistoric Britain. Routledge.
  • De Groote, I., Lewis M. & Stringer C. (2017). Prehistory of the British Isles: a Tale of Coming and Going. Bulletins et mémoires de la société d'anthropologie de Paris (BMSAP -30). 30.1-2: s.1-13.
  • Ellis, P.B. (2003). A Brief History of the Celts. Constable & Robinson.
  • Guelke, L. (1977). Regional Geography. The Professional Geographer, 29(1), 1-7.
  • Huxley T. H. (1873), Critiques and Addresses, Macmillan and Co..
  • Kaminski-Jones, F. & Kaminski-Jones, R. (2020). Celts, Romans, Britons. Oxford University Press, Apple Books.
  • Macaulay, D. (1992). The Celtic languages. Cambridge University Press.
  • Oppenheimer, S. (2012). The Origins of the British: The New Prehistory of Britain. Robinson/Apple Books. Pagden, A. (1998). The Struggle for Legitimacy and the Image of Empire in the Atlantic to c. 1700. The Oxford History of the British Empire, 1, 34-55.
  • Popper, K. R. (1957). The Poverty of Historicism. The Beacon Press.
  • Ramsay, A. C. (1878). The Physical Geology and Geography of Great Britain: A manual of British Geology. E. Stanford.
  • Rankin, D. (2002). Celts and the Classical World. Routledge.
  • Spruner, K. V. (1846). Historisch-geographischer Hand-Atlas zur Gechichte der Staaten Europa's vom Anfang des Mittelalters bis auf die neueste Zeit: Drei und Siebzig colorirte Karten.
  • Toynbee, A. (1972). A Study of History: Illustrated. The one volume edition. Oxford University Press.
  • Woodward, H.B. (ed.) (1907). Stanford’s Geological Atlas of Great Britain and Ireland. Edward Stanford Ltd.
  • Wright, T. (1885). The Celt, the Roman, and the Saxon: A History of the Early Inhabitants of Britain, Down to the Conversion of the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity-Illustrated by the Ancient Remains Brought to Light by Recent Research. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trub̈ner & Co..

BRİTANYA ADALARI’NIN TARİHİ COĞRAFYASI VE İLK HALKLARI

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 211 - 227, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.54282/inijoss.1082344

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Türk tarih yazınında İngiltere’ye dair coğrafi algının Batı Avrupa tarihi coğrafyası ekseninde genişlemesine tarih öncesi döneme ilişkin çalışmalar ışığında mütevazı bir katkı sunulması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda Britanya tarihi coğrafyası ve ilk halkları konusu, “Atlantik Avrupası” ve “Batı Avrupa” kavramlarının sağladığı coğrafi perspektifle ele alınmıştır. Britanya Adaları, yüzyıllar boyunca Avrupa anakarasının kuzeyinde bir düğüm noktası olma vasfıyla, Atlantik Okyanusu ve Kuzey Denizi rotaları için önemli bir geçiş istasyonu işlevi görmüştür. Bu bağlamda; Britanya’nın bölgesel coğrafyası, Ada’nın ulaşım ağları içindeki stratejik konumu merkeze alınarak irdelenmiştir. Britanya Adaları’nın bilinen ilk yerleşik topluluğu Keltler ise; prehistorya döneminde Ada’nın nüfuslanması konusunu, göç olgusu üzerinden bölgesel coğrafya üst ölçeğiyle birlikte değerlendirme imkânı sağlamaktadır. Demiri işleme konusunda usta olan Keltler, diğer topluluklara üstünlüğü belirleyen bu araç-gereç gücünün etkisiyle uzun yıllar Britanya Adaları’ndaki yerleşimlerini korumuşlardır. Milliyetçilikler çağıyla birlikte etnik köken araştırmalarına konu olan Keltler; bulgular ışığında esmer, kıvırcık saçlı tipolojileriyle İrlanda ve Batı İskoçya’daki kızıl saçlı sert görünümlü ırka genetik açıdan tesir etmiştir. Britanya nüfusu içindeki sarışın nüfusun büyük bölümünün ise Anglo- Sakson ve İskandinav atalardan geldiği sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır. Keltlerin Batı Avrupa’da geniş bir alandaki varlıkları, Britanya’nın bölgesel coğrafyasını algılamamıza yardımcı olmakta ve coğrafi geçişkenliğe dair tarihsel olguyu ortaya koymaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Armit, I. (2005). Celtic Scotland. Batsford/Historic Scotland.
  • Bauer, S. W. (2013). Antik Dünya Tarihi. çev. M. Moralı, Alfa Tarih.
  • Beddoe, J. (1885). The Races of Britain a Contrubition to the Anthropology of Western Europe. Trübner and Co.
  • Bradley, R. (2007). Cambridge World Archaelogy the Prehistory of Britain and Ireland. Cambridge University Press.
  • Bradley, R. (1997). Rock Art and the Prehistory of Europe. Routledge.
  • Chadwick, N. & Barry C. (1991). The Celts. Penguin Books.
  • Childe, V. G. (1958). The Dawn of European Civilization. Alfred A. Knopf. Inc.
  • Cunliffe, B. (2013). Britain Begins. Oxford University Press.
  • Darby, H. C. (1983). Historical Geography in Britain, 1920-1980: Continuity and Change. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 421-428.
  • Darvill, T. (2010). Prehistoric Britain. Routledge.
  • De Groote, I., Lewis M. & Stringer C. (2017). Prehistory of the British Isles: a Tale of Coming and Going. Bulletins et mémoires de la société d'anthropologie de Paris (BMSAP -30). 30.1-2: s.1-13.
  • Ellis, P.B. (2003). A Brief History of the Celts. Constable & Robinson.
  • Guelke, L. (1977). Regional Geography. The Professional Geographer, 29(1), 1-7.
  • Huxley T. H. (1873), Critiques and Addresses, Macmillan and Co..
  • Kaminski-Jones, F. & Kaminski-Jones, R. (2020). Celts, Romans, Britons. Oxford University Press, Apple Books.
  • Macaulay, D. (1992). The Celtic languages. Cambridge University Press.
  • Oppenheimer, S. (2012). The Origins of the British: The New Prehistory of Britain. Robinson/Apple Books. Pagden, A. (1998). The Struggle for Legitimacy and the Image of Empire in the Atlantic to c. 1700. The Oxford History of the British Empire, 1, 34-55.
  • Popper, K. R. (1957). The Poverty of Historicism. The Beacon Press.
  • Ramsay, A. C. (1878). The Physical Geology and Geography of Great Britain: A manual of British Geology. E. Stanford.
  • Rankin, D. (2002). Celts and the Classical World. Routledge.
  • Spruner, K. V. (1846). Historisch-geographischer Hand-Atlas zur Gechichte der Staaten Europa's vom Anfang des Mittelalters bis auf die neueste Zeit: Drei und Siebzig colorirte Karten.
  • Toynbee, A. (1972). A Study of History: Illustrated. The one volume edition. Oxford University Press.
  • Woodward, H.B. (ed.) (1907). Stanford’s Geological Atlas of Great Britain and Ireland. Edward Stanford Ltd.
  • Wright, T. (1885). The Celt, the Roman, and the Saxon: A History of the Early Inhabitants of Britain, Down to the Conversion of the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity-Illustrated by the Ancient Remains Brought to Light by Recent Research. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trub̈ner & Co..
Toplam 24 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Siyaset Bilimi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ahmet Melih Aşan 0000-0002-1722-1147

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Mart 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Aşan, A. M. (2022). BRİTANYA ADALARI’NIN TARİHİ COĞRAFYASI VE İLK HALKLARI. İnönü Üniversitesi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(1), 211-227. https://doi.org/10.54282/inijoss.1082344

İnönü Üniversitesi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 

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