Health Conceptualization and Quality and Accreditation Perspective in Person-Centered Health Care

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 24, 62 - 83, 17.04.2020

Bayram Demir

https://doi.org/10.29224/insanveinsan.675151

Cited By: 4

Öz

In the historical process, the focus object of health services has changed in different
societies and times. These concepts, which are centered on healthcare services such as diseasecentered
care, patient-centered care, community-centered care and person-centered care, have
been determinative in the design of health care system. The biomedical model and biopsychosocial
model are the most important conceptual approaches that provide a framework for these types
of care. These models, which determine the perceptions of disease and health status, have
different assumptions about human and human health status. Until the 1980s, there was a field
of health services and medical practices dominated by the biomedical model. The introduction
of a different perspective on the definition of health by WHO in 1948 enabled the development
of the biopsychosocial model. The health reform wave that began in the 1980s, and in the 1990s,
quality and accreditation activities that are compatible with human-centered health care were
integrated into health systems. In this study, the relationship between biopsychosocial model
and person-centered health practices and quality accreditation studies is discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Person-Centered health service, Biomedical model, Biopsychosocial model, Quality, Accreditation

Sağlığın Kavramsallaştırılması ve İnsan Odaklı Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Kalite ve Akreditasyon Perspektifi

Öz

Tarihsel süreç içerisinde sağlık hizmetlerinin odak nesnesi farklı toplum ve zamanlarda
değişkenlik göstermiştir. Hastalık merkezli, hasta merkezli, toplum merkezli ve insan merkezli
olmak üzere sağlık hizmetinin odağına yerleşen bu kavramlar sağlık hizmeti sisteminin
tasarımında belirleyici olmuşlardır. Bunlara çatı oluşturan kavramsal yaklaşımların en
önemlileri biyomedikal model ve biyopsikososyal modeldir. Hastalık ve sağlık durumuna ilişkin
algılamaları belirleyen bu modeller insana ve insanın sağlık durumuna ilişkin farklı sayıltılara
sahiptirler. 1980’li yıllara kadar biyomedikal modelin hâkim olduğu sağlık hizmetleri ve tıbbi
pratikler alanı bulunmaktadır. 1948’de Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından sağlık tanımına farklı
bir bakış açısı getirilmiş olması biyopsikososyal modelin doğuşunu sağlamıştır. 1980’lerde
başlayan sağlık reform dalgası 1990’lara gelindiğinde sağlık sistemlerine insan merkezli
sağlık hizmetiyle uyumlu kalite ve akreditasyon çalışmaları entegre edilmiştir. Çalışmada
biyopsikososyal modelin sağlık ve hastalık yaklaşımının insan merkezli sağlık uygulamaları ve
kalite akreditasyon çalışmalarıyla ilişkisi tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İnsan odaklı sağlık hizmeti, Biyomedikal model, Biyopsikososyal model, Kalite, Akreditasyon

Kaynakça

• Alkhenizan, Abdullah and Charles Shaw. “Impact of Accreditation on the Quality of Healthcare Services: A Systematic Review of the Literature”. Annals of Saudi Medical. 31/4 (2011): 407-416.
• Alvarez, Ana Sabela, Marco Pagani and Paolo Meucci. “The Clinical Application of the Biopsychosocial Model in Mental Health: A Research Critique”. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 91(2012): 173-180.
• Andaleeb, Syed Saad. “Service Quality Perceptions and Patient Satisfaction: A Study of Hospitals in a Developing Country”. Social Science & Medicine. 52 (2001): 1359–1370.
• Anjum, Rani Lill, Samantha Copeland, Stephen Mumford and Elena Rocca. “Integrating Philosophical Perspectives into Person Centered Healthcare”. European Journal for Person Centered Healthcare. 3/4 (2015): 427-430.
• Aytaç, Ömer ve Muzaffer Çağlar Kurtdaş. “Sağlık - Hastalığın Toplumsal Kökenleri ve Sağlık Sosyolojisi”. Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 25/1 (2015): 231- 250.
• Bayın, Gamze. “Sağlık Hizmetlerinin Geliştirilmesi Sürecinde Hasta ve Toplum Katılımının Rolü”. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin. 15/5 (2016): 458-466.
• Dogar, Ahmad Imtiaz. “Biopsychosocial Model”. Annals of Punjab Medical College. 1/1 (2007): 11-13.
• Dominic, Montagu. “Accreditation and Other External Quality Assessment Systems for Healthcare: Review of Experience and Lessons Learned”. Health Systems Resource Centre, 2003.
• Duck, Angela Allen, Jennifer C Robinson and Mary W Stewart. “Healthcare Quality: A Concept Analysis”. Nursing Forum. 52/4 (2017): 377–386.
• Edwards, Gemma. “Jürgen Habermas Politics and Morality in Health and Medicine”. Contemporary Theorists for Medical Sociology. Ed., Graham Scambler. New York Rotledge, 2012.
• Ellie Bostwick Andres, Wen Song, Wei Song and Janice Mary Johnston. “Can Hospital Accreditation Enhance Patient Experience? Longitudinal Evidence from a Hong Kong Hospital Patient Experience Survey”. BMC Health Services Research. 19/623 (2019): 2-9.
• Engel, George. L. “The Need for a New Medical Model: A Challenge for Biomedicine”. Science. 196 (1977): 129 – 136.
• Erbaydar, Tuğrul. “Sağlık; Kimin için?”. Toplumbilim Dergisi. 13 (2001):49-58.
• Fix, Gemmae M, Carol Van Deusen, Lukas Ed, Rendelle E. Bolton, Jennifer N. Hill, Nora Mueller, Sherri L. LaVela and Barbara G. Bokhour. “Patient-Centred Care is a Way of Doing Things: How Healthcare Employees Conceptualize Patient-Centred Care”. Health Expectations. 21/1 (2018): 300-307.
• Alexander R. Green, Juan Emilio Carrillo ve Joseph R. Betancourt. “Why The Disease- Based Model of Medicine Fails Our Patients”. Western Journal of Medicine. 176/2 (2002):141–143.
• Güdük, Özden ve Cenk Hilmi Kılıç. “Sağlık Hizmetleri Akreditasyonu ve Türkiye’de Gelişimi”. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 7/2 (2017): 102- 107.
• Havelka, Mladen, Despot Jasminka Lucanin ve Damir Lucanin. “Biopsychosocial Model – The Integrated Approach to Health and Disease”. Collegium Antropologium. 33/1 (2009): 303–310.
• Hijazi Heba H., Harvey Heather L., Alyahya Mohammad S., Alshraideh Hussam A., Al Abdi Rabah M. ve Parahoo Sanjai K. “The Impact of Applying Quality Management Practices on Patient Centeredness in Jordanian Public Hospitals: Results of Predictive Modeling”. The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing. 55 (2018): 1–15.
• Hinchcliff, Reece, David Greenfield, Johanna I. Westbrook, Marjorie Pawsey, Virginia Mumford ve Jeffrey Braithwaite. “Stakeholder Perspectives on İmplementing Accreditation Programs: A Qualitative Study of Enabling Factors”. BMC Health Services Research. 13 (2013): 2-9.
• Institute of Medicine. Committee on Quality of Health Care in America. Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century. Washington DC: National Academy Press; 2001.
• Jaafaripooyan, Ebrahim, Dila Agrizzi, Faizollah Akbari-Haghighi, “Healthcare Accreditation Systems: Further Perspectives On Performance Measures”. International Journal for Quality in Health Care. 23/6 (2011): 645–656.
• Jennifer L. Wolff and Cynthia M. Boyd. “A Look at Person-Centered and Family- Centered Care Among Older Adults: Results from a National Survey”. Society of General Internal Medicine. 30/10 (2015): 1497–504.
• Kasapoğlu, Aytül. “Güncel Sosyal Sorunlar ve Sağlık”. Toplumbilim, Sağlık Sosyolojisi Özel Sayısı. 13 (2001): 23-37.
• Kronenfeld, Jennie ve J. Access, Quality and Satisfaction With Care: Concerns of Patients, Providers and Insurers. Amsterdam, Elsevier 2007.
• Kuhn, Thomas. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. London: The University of Chicago Press, 1996.
• Kumbasar, Banu. “Hasta Odaklı Sağlık Hizmetlerinde İletişim”. Sağlık Bilimleri ve Meslekleri Dergisi. 3/1 (2016): 85-90.
• Lidia Borghi, Federica Galli, Maria, Vegni Elena Anna. “Promoting Patient Engagement and Participation for Effective Healthcare Reform”. Ed., Guendalina Graffigna, The Patient-Centered Medicine as the Theoretical Framework for Patient Engagement. USA: IGI Global, 2016.
• Maeseneer Jan De, Chris Van Weel, Lieve Daeren, Christine Leyns, Peter Decat, Pauline Boeckxstaens, D. Avonts ve Sara Willems. “From “Patient” To “Person” To “People”: The Need For İntegrated, People-Centered Healthcare”. The International Journal of Person Centered Medicine. 2/3 (2012): 601-614.
• May, Carl. “Mundane Medicine, Therapeutic Relationships, and the Clinical Encounter: Current and Future Agendas for Sociology”. Handbook of the Sociology of Health, Illness and Healing. Ed., Bernice A. Pescosolido, Jack K. Bayram Demir, Martin, Jane D. McLeod, Anne Rogers. London: Springer, 2011.
• Mejdahl Caroline Trillingsgaard, Nielsen Berit Kjærside, Hjøllund Niels Henrik ve Lomborg Kirsten.“Use of Patient-Reported Outcomes in Outpatient Settings as a Means of Patient İnvolvement and Self-Management Support – a Qualitative Study of the Patient Perspective”. European Journal for Person Centered Healthcare. 4/2 (2016): 359-367.
• Miles, Andrew ve Juan E. Mezzich. “The Care of the Patient and the Soul of the Clinic: Personcentered Medicine as an Emergent Model of Modern Clinical Practice”. The International Journal of Person Centered Medicine. 1/2 (2011): 207-222.
• Morton, Rachael L. ve Marcus Sellars, “From Patient-Centered to Person-Centered Care for Kidney Diseases”. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 14 (2019) : 623–625.
• Netletton, Sarah. The Sociology of Health and Ilness. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1995. Quintana, Yuri, Nancy M. Lorenzi ve Mordechai Shani. “People Centered Healthcare Systems: Opportunities and Challenges”. British Medical Journal Satellites. 18 (2011): 17-24.
• Reynolds, April. “Patient-Centered Care”. Radiol Technol. 81 (2009):133-147. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Sağlıkta Dönüşüm. Ankara: Sağlık Bakanlığı, 2003.
• Santana, Maria J., Kimberly Manalili, Rachel J. Jolley, Sandra Zelinsky, Hude Quan ve Lu Mingshan. “How to Practice Person-Centred Care: A Conceptual Framework”. Health Expectations. 21 (2018): 429–440.
• Sari, Wulan I. R. “How Does Policy on Accreditation Affect the Quality Improvement in Indonesian Hospitals”. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research. 35 (2017): 243-250.
• Şahin, Gülay ve Füsun A. İğde Artıran. “Hasta Merkezli Bakım-Ortak Karar Alma Süreci ve Kalite”. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal Of Family Medicine-Special Topics. 5/3 (2014): 38-42.
• Taukeni, Simon George. “Psychology of Health”. Intecopen. 2019. https://www. intechopen.com/books/psychology-of-health-biopsychosocial-approach . (erişim, 16.11.2019)
• The American Geriatrics Society. “Person-Centered Care: A Definition and Essential Elements”. Journal of American Geriatrics Society. 64 (2016): 15–18.
• Thomas, Richard K. Society and Health –Sociology for Health Professionals. New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.
• Uluslararası Hemşireler Konseyi. “ICN 2018 Tema Özeti”. 2018. https://medicana. com.tr/Assets/uploads/icn-2018-45867.pdf (erişim 20.12.2019)
• Weiss, Gregory L. ve Lynne E. Lonnquist. The Sociology of Health, Healing, and Illness. New York: Routledge, 2016.
• World Health Organization. People Centered Healthcare. Geneva, 2008. https://iris. wpro.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665.1/5453/9789290613930_eng.pdf (erişim, 10.10.2019)
• World Health Organization. Quality And Accreditation in Health Care Services: A Global Review. Geneva: WHO, 2003. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/68410 (erişim, 11.10.2019)
• World Health Organization. “How Do We Define Quality of Care”. (Son güncelleme 15 Kasım 2019), https://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/topics/ quality-of-care/definition/en/
• World Health Organization. People-Centered Care in Low- and Middle-İncome Countries. World Health Organization 2010. https://www.personcenteredmedicine.org/ doc/genevathree/geneva2011i.pdf (erişim, 10.10.2019)
• World Health Organization. People-Centred Health Care: A Policy Framework. Geneva: WHO, 2007. https://iris.wpro.who.int/handle/10665.1/5420 (erişim, 11.10.2019)