Kent Ortamında Akıllı Telefon Kullanımı: Metrobüs Yolcuları Üzerine Etnografik Bir Araştırma

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 12, 161 - 182, 26.06.2020

Sedat Erol

Öz

Mobil teknolojilerdeki gelişmelerle birlikte video içerik tüketimi giderek artmakta dolayısıyla bu tüketim pratiği sinema salonları ve evlerin sınırlarını aşarak gündelik yaşamın her alanına, kent ortamlarına taşmaktadır. Kanıksadığımız davranışlarda değişikliklere neden olan tüketimin elbette ki kişisel ve toplumsal ilişkilere ve mekânların ruhuna yansımaları olacaktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı mobil teknolojilerin bireysel, toplumsal ve mekânsal bağlamda etkilerini saptamak, ortaya çıkan yeni normalin durumunu analiz etmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda kent gerçekliğinin tezahürü olan metrobüs, kent ortamlarının temsili olarak araştırma sahasına dönüşmüştür. Araştırma soruları; metrobüs yolcularının akıllı telefonlarına ayırdıkları vakit, akıllı telefon kullanmayan yolcuların çevreleri ile ilişkileri, yolcuların akıllı telefonlarında hangi platformları tercih ettikleri, yolcuların hangi platformlara daha uzun süre ve daha yoğun dikkat ayırdıkları çerçevesinde belirlenmiştir. Bu soruların yanıtları ve metrobüs ortamındaki davranışların tespiti için gözleme dayalı yöntem benimsenmiştir. Bu bağlamda yaklaşık 3 aylık süre boyunca metrobüste seyahat eden 211 bireyin, metrobüs ortamında akıllı telefonları ve çevreleri ile ilişkileri incelenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler, nitel ve nicel yöntemlerle analiz edilmiştir. Bulgulara göre, metrobüste akıllı telefon kullanımının yaygın olduğu, yolcuların en çok vakit ayırdığı ve en yoğun dikkat harcadığı platformların başında Youtube ile Netflix’in geldiği tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma, yeni tüketim pratiklerinin kent ortamında bireyselleşmenin artmasına ve ortak alanlarda yeni özel alanlar oluşmasına yol açtığını göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yeni Medya, Kent Sosyolojisi, Youtube, Netflix

Smartphone Use in the Urban Environment: Etnographic Research on Metrobus Passengers

Öz

New communication technologies and the relationship of individuals with devices arising from these technologies have been on the agenda of many disciplines. In the studies carried out, the phenomenon of change is often encountered. In this study, it is aimed to understand the phenomenon of change that occurs due to the effect of new communication technologies. In this context, due to the use of smartphones, the focus is on the changes that occur in the soul of the spaces and in the relationships between individuals.
Of course, the widespread use of smartphones and the change associated with it did not occur spontaneously. Individualization and participatory cultural policies implemented by some platforms such as Youtube and Netflix, which are at the center of the study, contribute to change. Netflix's data-driven strategy and management aimed at individual customization have revealed new viewing experiences. Youtube, on the other hand, has come to prominence with its widespread genre structure and user density from its interactive nature. The strategies implemented by platforms such as Youtube and Netflix have caused video consumption practices to overrun the boundaries of homes and movie theaters, flooding the urban environment.
The attractiveness of content isn't the only reason individuals are "moving away" from physical spaces and getting closer to smartphones. Metrobus, where reflections of the realities and tension of the country can be seen, is already a crowded and dynamic environment. In such an environment, it is necessary to think that individuals may also be affected by the depressing images of the city, lack of money, fatigue and various concerns. So it is necessary to consider that individuals can become alienated to the urban environment via smartphone to avoid certain situations.
Various research questions have been created to determine the impact of smartphones on physical communication environments. These questions focused on the amount of time and attention devoted to smartphone use and the prevalence of smartphone use. Furthermore, the interaction of individuals using and not using smartphones with the environment has been questioned. Metrobus, which is a reflection of the city reality, has turned into a research area as a representation of urban environments for the answers of these questions. In this context, the behavior of 211 individuals traveling on the metrobus for a period of about 3 months was examined by adopting the observational method.
The data obtained were analyzed by qualitative and quantitative methods. The findings found that smartphone use on the Metrobus was widespread, with YouTube and Netflix at the top of the platforms where passengers spent the most time and the most intense attention. The study shows that new consumption practices lead to increased individualization in the urban environment and the creation of new private spaces in public spaces.

Anahtar Kelimeler

New Media, Urban Sociology, Youtube, Netflix

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