Effect of Graston Soft Tissue Mobilization Technique on Muscular Force

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 185 - 191, 21.07.2021

Ertuğrul Çakır , Zeynep İnci Karadenizli

Öz

Background: The Graston Technique (GT) is a form of manual therapy known as soft-tissue instrument-assisted mobilization and has been recently popular in World of Sport. GT has been used for muscular relaxation and for increasing range of motion (ROM) but when compared with classical stretching techniques GT usage has some advantages like less injury risk, fascial correction effect, less metabolic fatigue. While achieving muscular relaxation and increased ROM, static stretching creates energy expenditure and decreased alpha motor neuron activity. In GT these results are not expected due to its application characteristics. The focus of the article is to determine whether GT application creates muscular inhibition while relaxation of muscle comes out. Participants: 103 amateur athletes participated the study as 49 people in GT application group (19,6±3 years) and 54 people in control group (19,6±3 years). Antebrachii flexors were targeted as application field. G+1 soft tissue mobilizator and sweeping technique were used for 1 minute on left and right forearms. Before and after application forearm isometric muscle strength was measured using digital hand dynamometer for both groups. Results: In statistical analyzing IBM SPSS version 22 computer program and Paired Samples t Test were used and wasn’t determined any significant difference between application and control group scores. Discussions: The result that GT has no inhibition effect on muscles after application so it can be used a tool to make athletes having muscle stiffness and spasms prepare competition and training without decrement of muscle force.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Graston Technique, Muscular Force, Muscular Inhibition

Kaynakça

• Barbosa-Silva, M. C., Barros, A. J., Post, C. L., Waitzberg, D. L., & Heymsfield, S. B. (2003). Can bioelectrical impedance analysis identify malnutrition in preoperative nutrition assessment? Nutrition, 19(5), 422-426.
• Barut, Ç., Demirel, P., & Kıran, S. (2008). Evaluation of hand anthropometric measurements and grip strength in basketball, volleyball and handball players. Anatomy, 2(1), 55-59.
• Bentley, B. (2007). Gua Sha: smoothing scrapping out the Sha. The Lantern, 4(2), 4-9.
• Burnside, J. F. (2004). Instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization: effect on strength and range of motion. Unpublished Masters Thesis. Louisiana State University. LSU Digital Commons.
• Carey, T., Hammer, W. I., & Vincent, R. (2001). The Graston Technique Instructional Manual. Indianapolis.
• Gehlsen, G. M., Ganion, L. R., & Helfst, R. H. (1999). Fibroblast responses to variation in soft tissue mobilization pressure. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(4), 531-535.
• Hammer, W. I. (2008). The effect of mechanical load on degenerated soft tissue. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 12(3), 246-256.
• Hausswirth, C., & Mujika, I. (2012). Recovery for Performance in Sport. United States: Human Kinetics.
• Hawkins, W. (2017). Effects of Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization on Physiological and Structural Properties of Human Skeletal Muscle. Unpublished Doctor of Philosophy Thesis. Wichita State University. Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences.
• Heisey, C. F., & Kingsley, J. D. (2016). Effects of static stretching on squat performance in division I female athletes. International Journal of Exercise Science, 9(3), 359-367.
• Howitt, S., Wong, J., & Zabukovec, S. (2006). The conservative treatment of trigger thumb using Graston Techniques and Active Release Techniques. The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association, 50(4), 249-254.
• Khan, K. M., & Scott, A. (2009). Mechanotherapy: How therapists’ prescription of exercises promotes tissue repair. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 43(4), 247-251.
• Kim, D. H., Lee, J. J., & Sung Hyun You, J. (2018). Effects of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization technique on strength, knee joint passive stiffness, and pain threshold in hamstring shortness. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, 31(6), 1169-1176.
• Kim, D. H., Kim, T. H., Jung, D. Y., & Weon, J. H. (2014). Effects of the Graston technique and self-myofacial release on the range of motion of a knee joint. Journal of the
• Korean Society of Physical Medicine, 9(4), 455-463.
• Kim, J., Sung, D. J., & Lee, J. (2017). Therapeutic effectiveness of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization for soft tissue injury: mechanisms and practical application. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 13(1), 12-22.
• Laundner, K., Compton, B. D., McLoda, T. A., & Walters, C. M. (2014). Acute effects of instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization for improving posterior shoulder range of motion in college baseball players. International journal of sports physical therapy, 9(1), 1-7.
• Liptan, G. L. (2010). Fascia: a missing link in our understanding of the pathology of fibromyalgia. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 14(1), 3-12.
• Loghmani, M. T., & Warden, S. J. (2009). Instrument-assisted cross-fiber massage accelerates knee ligament healing. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 39(7), 506-514.
• Moon, J. H., Jung, J. H., Won, Y. S., & Cho, H. Y. (2017). Immediate effects of Graston technique on hamstring muscle extensibility and pain intensity in patients with nonspecific low back pain. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 29(2), 224–227.
• Portillo-Soto, A., Eberman, L. E., Demchak, T. J., & Peebles, C. (2014). Comparison of blood flow changes with soft tissue mobilization and massage therapy. Journal of Alternative Complementary Medicine, 20 (12), 932-936.
• Purslow, P. (2002). The structure and functional significance of variations in the connective tissue within muscle. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 133 (4), 947-966.
• Schaefer, J. L., Sandrey, M. A. (2012). Effects of a 4-week dynamic-balance-training program supplemented with Graston instrument-assisted soft-tissue mobilization for chronic ankle instability. Journal of Sports Rehabilitation, 21(4), 313–326.
• Shrier, I. (2000). Stretching before exercise: an evidence based approach. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 34 (5), 324-325.
• Smuts, J. (2013). The Effect of Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization on Iliotibial Band Extensibility and Hip Abduction Strength. Unpublished Masters Thesis. Indiana University. The faculty of the School of Public Health.
• Vardiman, J. P., Siedlik J. A., Herda T. J., Hawkins, W. C., Cooper M., Graham Z. A., Deckert J., & Gallagher P. (2015). Instrument-assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization: Effects on the Properties of Human Plantar Flexors. Journal of Sports Medicine, 36(03), 197-203.
• Young, W., Elliott, S. (2001). Acute effects of static stretching, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching, and maximal voluntary contractions on explosive force production and jumping performance. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 72(3), 273-279.