ŞİKAGO KONVANSİYONU’NUN 83 BIS MADDESİNİN ULUSLARARASI VE TÜRK HAVACILIK HUKUKUNA ETKİLERİ

Yıl 2017, , 287 - 318, 30.06.2017

Kazım Sedat Sirmen , Bilge Erson Asar

https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.323050

Öz

Percival E. Fansler adındaki ünlü girişimcinin Tampa ve St. Petersburg şehirleri arasını kısaltmak için üretici Thomas Benoist’ten almış olduğu hava
araçları ile başlayan ticari havacılık sektörü bugün 103.yılını kutlamaktadır.
O gün Fansler’in hava aracı ile
seyahati için 400 $ (yaklaşık bugünkü 10.000 $) vermek gerekirken, bugün  orta gelir gruplarına dahil olan insanlar
dahi bu hava taşımacılığının konfor ve zaman kazandıran kalitesinden
yararlanabilmektedirler. Öte yandan havayolu şirketleri-işletmeciler yahut
operatörler- kârlılıklarını korumak için birbirleri ile kiralama (lease), çarter (charter) yahut değiş tokuş (interchange)
gibi birtakım özel hukuk anlaşmaları yapmak suretiyle karşılıklı ticarî
havacılık faaliyetinde bulunmaktadırlar. Tescil devletinin yükünü azaltmak,
kendisinin kontrolünden uzaklaşan hava aracı üzerinde denetimi sağlamak
maksadıyla tescil devletinde yer alan hava aracını işletecek operatörün esas
idare merkezi, eğer öyle bir merkez yoksa, daimî ikametgâhının bulunduğu âkit
operator devletinin tescil devleti ile yapacağı anlaşma ile Şikago Konvansiyonunun
12 (Havacılık Kuralları) 30 (Hava aracı Radyo Teçhizatı), 31 (Uçuşa
Elverişlilik Belgesi) ve 32 (a) (Personel lisansları) maddelerinde yer alan
fonksiyon ve yükümlülüklerin tamamı yahut bir kısmını üstlenmesini sağlayan
transfer anlaşması bağıtlama imkânı veren 83 BIS Protokolü, bu Protokol'ün uluslararası hukukta ve Türk
Hukukundaki kapsam ve etkileri bu makalenin 
konusunu oluşturmaktadır.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

Şikago Konvansiyonu, 83 BIS, Tescil Devleti, Operatör Devleti, kiralama, çarter, değiş tokuş

THE EFFECTS OF ARTICLE 83 BIS OF THE CHICAGO CONVENTION TO INTERNATIONAL AND TURKISH AVIATION LAW

Öz

The commercial aviation sector celebrates its one
hundred and third anniversary of the day the famous entrepreneur named Percival E. Fansler managed  to shorten the duration of the trip  between the two cities of Tampa and St. Petersburg.
The first ticket was sold to a businessman for 400$ (approximately
 today’s 10.000$). Today, not only  businessmen but also persons with moderate
income  can  benefit from the comfortability and the time
saving qualifications of  air
transportation. On the other hand airlines in order to protect their costs have
been seeking some commercial operations of lease, charter and interchange of
aircraft by making private law agreements.  Here, the Protocol in question aims at
reducing the burdens of State of Registry 
when the aircraft has been leased, chartered to  the foreign operator which has principal
place of business or if he has no such place of business, his permanent
residence in other contracting State, namely State of Operator. According to
the Protocol 83 BIS State of Registry
may, by agreement with the State of Operator, transfer to it all or part of its
functions and duties as State of Registry in respect of that aircraft under
articles 12 (Rules of the air), 30 (Aircraft Radio Equipment), 31 (Certificate
of Airworthiness) and 32(a)(Licences of Personnel) by relieving of
responsibility in respect of the functions and duties transferred. In this  Article we focused on the history  of the enactment of this Protocol, scope and
the effects thereof  in
international  and Turkish Law. In
Turkish law we focused on esp. the  dry
lease agreements between the foreign and national operators. According to the
By-Law on LEASING of the Directorate General of Civil Aviation, for  the validity  of the dry-lease agreements,  the state of registry and the state of
operator has to conclude a 83 BIS
transfer agreement.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

Chicago Convention, 83 BIS, State of Registry, State of Operator, lease, charter, interchange

Kaynakça

• SEÇİLMİŞ KAYNAKÇA
• ABEYRATNE, Ruwantissa: Convention on International Civil Aviation-A Commentary(ABEYRATNE, Commentary), Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014.
• ABEYRATNE, Ruwantissa: Rulemaking in Air Transport: A Deconstructive Analysis (ABEYRATNE, Rulemaking), 1. Ed. Springer International Publishing, 2016.
• FALLER Edmund: International Civil Aviation Organization Activities of ICAO in the Legal Field, Zeitschrift für Luft- und Weltraumrecht 30 (3), 1981.
• FITZGERALD, Gerald F.:”The Lease, Charter and Interchange of Aircraft in International Operations-Article 83 BIS of the Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation”, Annals of Air and Space Law, 6, 1981, s.49-64
• GÜNDOĞAN KIRMIZITAŞ, Türkân: 6361 Sayılı Finansal Kiralama, Faktoring ve Finansman Şirketleri Kanunu’na Göre Finansal Kiralama Sözleşmesi, Yetkin Yayınları, Ankara 2017.
• HANLEY, Donal Patrick: Aircraft Operating Leasing: A Legal and Practical Analysis in the Context of Public and Private International Air Law, Leiden University (yayımlanmamış doktora tezi), 2011, s. 172,https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/18146/Thesis%20Print%20Version%2013102011%20Hanley.pdf?sequence=16 (Erişim tarihi: 09.06.2017)
• HAVEL, Brian/SANCHEZ, Gabriel S., The Principles and Practice of International Aviation Law, Cambridge University Press, 2014
• HUANG, Jiefang: Aviation Safety Through the Rule of Law. (Aviation Law and Policy) ICAO's Mechanism and Practices, 1. Ed., Kluwer Law International, 2009.
• MILDE, Michael: “23rd Session of the ICAO Legal Committee (MILDE, 23rd Session)”, Air & Space L., 3(2), 1978, s.130-132
• MILDE, Michael: International Air Law and ICAO (MILDE, Air Law), Edition 2, Eleven International Publishing, 2012
• PAZARCI: Hüseyin, Uluslararası Hukuk Dersleri 1. Kitap, 13. Baskı, Turhan Kitabevi, Ankara 2016.
• PINKERTON, Suzanne C.: Aviation, University of Miami Inter-American Law Review 10, 1978.
• PROLESS, Alexander: “Article 34 General rule regarding third States”, in Dörr, Oliver/ SCHMALENBACH, Kirsten (ed.) Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties A Commentary, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.
• SHAW, Malcolm: International Law, 6. Baskı, Cambridge University Press, Londra 2008..
• SİRMEN, Kazım Sedat: Hava Araçlarının Tâbiiyeti, Söz Kesen Matbaacılık, Ankara 2005.
• STEWART, John T.: “Lease, Charter And Interchange of Aircraft: A Governmental Perspective”, Akron Law Review 14(2), 1981, s.187-213
• VAN DAM, Roderick D.: Lease, Charter and Interchange of Aircraft and the Chicago Convention - Some Observation, Air & Space Law Journal, 19(3), 1994, s.124-130
• VERHAEGEN, Benoit M.: “The Entry into Force of Article 83bis: Legal Perspectives in Term of Safety Oversight”, Annals of Air and Space Law XXII (II) (1997), s.269-279
• von ERLACH, Burkhart: Public Law Aspects of Lease, Charter and Interchange of Aircraft in International Operations, Institute of Air and Space Law McGill University (yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi), 1990.