SİLAHLI ÇATIŞMA ESNASINDA KÜLTÜREL MALLARIN ULUSLARARASI TOPLUM YARARINA KORUNMASI

Yıl 2018, , 185 - 216, 30.06.2018

Merve Erdem

https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.373697

Cited By: 1

Öz

Kültürel
malvarlığının korunması, sadece malvarlığının bulunduğu devleti değil,
uluslararası toplumu da ilgilendirmektedir. Kültürel mirasa gelen her zarar,
insanoğlunun ortak zararı ve kaybıdır. İşbu nedenle, kültürel malvarlığını
korumak, uluslararası hukukun, özellikle insancıl hukukun konularından birini
oluşturmuştur.

Kültürel
malvarlığını korumak için akdedilen antlaşmalar ve ek protokollerle, silahlı
çatışmalarda çatışan taraflara, kural olarak, çatışma alanında yer alan
kültürel malvarlığını tahrip etmeme ya da yok etmeme yükümlülüğü öngörülmüştür.
İlgili yükümlülüğün ihlali, ciddi insancıl hukuk ihlaline verecek ve devletler
kendi iç hukuk düzenlerinde, sorumluları yargılayabileceklerdir. Ayrıca
Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi de savaş suçları kapsamında kültürel malvarlığını
koruma yükümlüğünün ihlallerini yargılamakla yetkilendirilmiştir.

Her
ne kadar kültürel malvarlığı, uluslararası hukuk sisteminde, koruma altına
alınsa ve yükümlülüğün ihlali için bireysel cezai sorumluluk öngörülse de
kültürel malvarlığının tahribi ve yok olması geri dönülemez zararlara yol
açmaktadır. İşbu nedenle, kültürel malvarlığının pasif koruması yanında, zarar
görmeden ya da yok olmadan korunmasını temin altına alacak, aktif koruma
araçlarının varlığı daha da önem arz etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kültürel malvarlığının korunması, 1954 Bir Çatışma Halinde Kültür Mallarının Korunmasına Dair Sözleşme, 1977 Ek Protokol I, 1977 Ek Protokol II, Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi, Savaş Suçları.

PROTECTION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY FOR THE SAKE OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY DURING THE ARMED CONFLICT

Öz

The
protection of cultural property concerns not only the state where it is
situated but also the international community as a whole. Any harm to cultural
heritage also represents a loss for human culture and international society.
Therefore, the protection of cultural property has become a subject of
international law and humanitarian law in particular.

Treaties
and additional protocols enacted for the protection of cultural heritage, in
principle, provide an obligation to conflicting parties to not destroy or
destruct cultural property in conflict zones. Any breach of this obligation
constitutes a serious violation of humanitarian law, and it is the states who
are competent to adjudicate on the responsible actor in their domestic legal
systems. Further, the International Criminal Court is given jurisdiction over
breaches of the obligation to protect cultural heritage within the context of
war crimes.

Although
the international legal system provides protection for cultural property and
individual criminal responsability in cases of the breach of this protection,
the destruction of cultural property causes irreversible damages. For this
reason, in addition to passive protection of cultural property, active
protection tools have to be provided in order to protect cultural property before
any damage or destruction occur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

1954 Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, 1977 Additional Protocol I, 1977 Additional Protocol II, The International Criminal Court, The protection of cultural property, War Crimes.

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