COVID-19 SALGINI SÜRECİNDE AVRUPA’DA SAĞLIK OLANAKLARINA ERİŞİME GETİRİLEN KISITLAMALAR İLE YAŞAMA HAKKININ İHLALİ ARASINDAKİ BAĞIN İNCELENMESİ

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 695 - 707, 31.12.2020

Mehmet Halil M Bektaş , Kamuran Reçber

https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.799863

Öz

Coğrafyadan bağımsız olarak olağanüstü koşullarda normal zamanlarda olmazsa olmaz özellik atfedilen kaideler dahi askıya alınabilmektedir. Bu sebeple, olağanüstü durumlarda toplumların özellikle insan haklarını koruma mekanizmalarının etkinliği test edilir. Yeni koronavirüs salgını (COVID-19) tüm dünyada insanların günlük yaşamına emsali görülmemiş olumsuz bir etki bırakmış, Avrupa devletleri de bu süreçte çeşitli tedbirlere başvurarak bazı temel kişisel hürriyetlere kısıtlamalar getirmiştir. Salgının hızla yayılıp kayıpların ciddi boyutlara ulaştığı İngiltere, Fransa, İtalya ve İspanya gibi Avrupa ülkelerinde sağlık altyapıları yetersiz kalmış ve kısıtlı sağlık imkânlarının tahsisinde yaşama şansı yüksek olan hastalara öncelik tanıyan “önceliklendirme” uygulamasına gidilmiştir. Lakin bu uygulama, sağlık hizmetlerinden mahrum bırakılan hastaların yaşama hakkının ihlal edildiğine dair tartışmaları da beraberinde getirmiştir. Mevcut çalışma, “önceliklendirme” uygulamasını Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi’nin (AİHS) ilgili düzenlemeleri ve Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi (AİHM) içtihadı açısından ele alarak, bu uygulamadan dolayı sağlık hizmetlerinde yaşanan mahrumiyetin yaşama hakkını ihlal edip etmediğini ve bu sebeple ilgili Avrupa devletlerine sorumluluk isnat edilip edilmeyeceğini incelemiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19, Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi, Yaşama Hakkı, Sağlık Hizmeti, Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi

ASSESSING THE LINK BETWEEN LIMITED ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE AND VIOLATION OF THE RIGHT TO LIFE IN EUROPE DURING COVID-19 OUTBREAK

Öz

Regardless of geography, when exceptional circumstances arise states can introduce emergency laws that can even derogate from some absolute rules. The outbreak of COVID-19 poses an unprecedented impact on people’s daily life around the world. All EU Member States have put in place a raft of measures that affect many fundamental rights in an effort to contain the spread of the virus. After the death toll has begun to spiral out of control in some European states such as UK, France, Italy, and Spain, the implementation of the prioritisation in the allocation of limited health care resources has become an inevitable fact. Yet, the prioritisation leads de-prioritisation of older patients affected by the virus and patients with critical conditions, such as cancer. It is thus argued that the prioritisation puts the right to life at risk. This article assesses the implementation of prioritization in terms of relevant clauses of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). The article explores whether there is a violation of right to life due to de-prioritisation and whether there is sufficient reason for attributing responsibility to foregoing European states for the implementation of prioritisation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19, European Convention on Human Rights, Right to Life, European Court of Human Rights, Healthcare

Kaynakça

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