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INTERNATIONAL LAW IS AT WAR: A STUDY OF THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION’S APPROACH TO INTERNATIONAL LAW

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 148 - 164, 30.06.2021

Şahin Eray Kırdım

https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.795535
Cited By: 1

Öz

Donald Trump attracted attention with his sensational statements and anti-establishment attitude during his tenure as president of the United States. This anti-establishment attitude was not limited to its own country, but also reached a point where it would wage war on the established practices and rules of international relations and law. Americanism, which comes to life in the slogan of “America First”, has gained a strong ground against multilateralism with the policies of the Trump administration. In this study, the anti-establishment actions of the Trump administration against the international legal system are discussed. In this respect, the study is divided into two main parts. In the first one, it is shown with examples that the Trump administration easily withdrew from international agreements and organizations that apparently did not comply with the interests of the U.S., it mandated arrangements in its favor with the threat of withdrawal, it used its financial contributions to international organizations as a weapon, and it refused international participation and “soft law” tools in any situation which was against its interests. In the second part, it is also shown with examples that the Trump administration either directly violated some of the basic rules of international law or condoned the violation of them and carried out attacks on international institutions at the level of rhetoric and action. Three main claims are made in the study. First, by violating the fundamental principles of international law, the Trump administration has seriously damaged the US’s notions of multilateralism and internationalism. Second, Trump’s approach was based on his own national interests, not the universal rights that form the basis of modern international law. Third, the Trump administration not only violated international law, but weakened it by challenging international legal norms and institutions when U.S. interests demanded so.

Anahtar Kelimeler

US President Donald Trump Isolationism International Law Human Rights Law

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ULUSLARARASI HUKUK SAVAŞ HALİNDE: TRUMP YÖNETİMİNİN ULUSLARARASI HUKUK YAKLAŞIMI ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 148 - 164, 30.06.2021

Şahin Eray Kırdım

https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.795535
Cited By: 1

Öz

Donald Trump, ABD başkanı olarak görev yaptığı ile günden son güne kadar sansasyonel açıklamaları ve düzen karşıtı tutumu ile dikkat çekmiştir. Bu düzen karşıtı tutum sadece kendi ülkesi ile sınırlı kalmamış, aynı zamanda uluslararası ilişkiler ve hukukun yerleşik pratik ve kurallarına savaş açacak bir noktaya varmıştır. “Önce Amerika” sloganında hayat bulan Amerikanizm, Trump yönetiminin politikaları ile çok taraflılık karşısında güçlü bir zemin kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Trump yönetiminin uluslararası hukuk sistemine yönelik düzen karşıtı eylemleri ele alınmaktadır. Bu itibarla çalışma iki ana bölüme ayrılmıştır. Birinci bölümde, Trump yönetiminin ABD’nin menfaatlerine uymayan antlaşmalardan veya örgütlerden rahatlıkla çekilebildiği, çekilme tehdidi ile kendi lehine düzenlemeleri zorunlu kıldığı, bu örgütlere yaptığı finansal katkıları bir silah olarak kullandığı ve uluslararası katılım ve “soft law” araçlarını kendi menfaatine aykırı olan her durumda reddettiği örneklerle gösterilmektedir. İkinci bölümde ise, Trump yönetiminin uluslararası hukukun temel kurallarından bazılarını doğrudan ihlal ettiği, ihlal edilmesine göz yumduğu ve uluslararası kurumlara yönelik söylem ve eylem düzeyinde saldırılar gerçekleştirdiği örneklerle ele alınmaktadır. Çalışmada üç temel iddia ileri sürülmektedir. Birincisi, Trump yönetimi, uluslararası hukukun temel ilkelerini ihlal etmekle ABD’nin üzerine kurulu olduğu çok taraflılık ve enternasyonalizm düşüncelerine ciddi şekilde zarar vermiştir. İkincisi, Trump’ın yaklaşımı modern uluslararası hukukun temelini oluşturan evrensel haklara değil, kendi ulusal çıkarlarına dayanmaktadır. Üçüncüsü, Trump yönetimi ABD’nin çıkarları gerektirdiğinde sadece uluslararası hukuku ihlal etmekle kalmayıp, uluslararası hukuka ve kurumlarına meydan okuyarak onu zayıflatmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

ABD Başkanı Donald Trump İzolasyonizm Uluslararası Hukuk İnsan Hakları Hukuku

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  • MORALES, Christina: “Biden Restores Ties with the World Health Organization that Were Cut by Trump.”, The New York Times, 20.01.2021, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/20/world/biden-restores-who-ties.html (Erişim Tarihi: 06.03.2021).
  • MORALES, Christina: “Biden Restores Ties with the World Health Organization that Were Cut by Trump.”, The New York Times, 20.01.2021, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/20/world/biden-restores-who-ties.html (Erişim Tarihi: 06.03.2021).
  • MORAN, Clare Frances: “Crystallising the International Rule of Law: Trump’s Accidental Contribution to International Law”, Washburn Law Journal, 56(3), 2017, s.491-506.
  • MORAN, Clare Frances: “Crystallising the International Rule of Law: Trump’s Accidental Contribution to International Law”, Washburn Law Journal, 56(3), 2017, s.491-506.
  • MORGENTHAU, Hans J.: Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, 2. Bası., Knopf, New York 1948.
  • MORGENTHAU, Hans J.: Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, 2. Bası., Knopf, New York 1948.
  • MURPHY, Sean: “The Doctrine of Preemptive Self-Defense”, Villanova Law Review, 50(3), 2005, s.699-748.
  • MURPHY, Sean: “The Doctrine of Preemptive Self-Defense”, Villanova Law Review, 50(3), 2005, s.699-748.
  • OLIVARES, Mariela: “The Rise of Zero Tolerance and the Demise of Family”, Georgia State University Law Review, 36(2), 2020, s.287-350.
  • OLIVARES, Mariela: “The Rise of Zero Tolerance and the Demise of Family”, Georgia State University Law Review, 36(2), 2020, s.287-350.
  • PAVONE, I. Richard: “The Paris Agreement and the Trump administration: Road to Nowhere?”, Journal of International Studies, 11(1), 2018, p.34-49.
  • PAVONE, I. Richard: “The Paris Agreement and the Trump administration: Road to Nowhere?”, Journal of International Studies, 11(1), 2018, p.34-49.
  • PAZARCI, Hüseyin: Uluslararası Hukuk, 16. Bası, Ankara, Turhan 2012.
  • PAZARCI, Hüseyin: Uluslararası Hukuk, 16. Bası, Ankara, Turhan 2012.
  • PERPER, Rosie: “US Ditches the UN’s Human Rights Council and Calls It ‘Hypocritical and Self-Serving’ on Its Way Out the Door”, Business Insider, 20.06.2018, https://www.businessinsider.com/us-withdraws-from-un-human-rights-council-2018-6 (Erişim Tarihi: 21.06.2020).
  • PILKINGTON, Ed: “US Halts Cooperation with UN on Potential Human Rights Violations”, The Guardian, 04.01.2020, https://www.theguardian.com/law/2019/jan/04/trump-administration-un-human-rights-violations (Erişim Tarihi: 01.06.2020).
  • RAMPTON, Roberta/WROUGHTON, Lesley/VAN DEN BERG, Stephanie: “U.S. Withdraws From International Accords, Says U.N. World Court ‘Politicized’”, Reuters, 03.10.2018, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-diplomacy-treaty/u-s-withdraws-from-international-accords-says-u-n-world-court-politicized-idUSKCN1MD2CP (Erişim Tarihi: 18.06.2020).
  • ROGERS, Katie/MANDAVILLI, Apoorva: “Trump Administration Signals Formal Withdrawal From W.H.O.”, The New York Times, 07.07.2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/07/us/politics/coronavirus-trump-who.html?auth=login-google (Erişim Tarihi: 21.07.2020).
  • ROSSIGNOL, Marie-Jeanne: “Early Isolationism Revisited: Neutrality and Beyond in the 1790s”, Journal of American Studies, 29(2), 1995, s.215-227.
  • ROSSIGNOL, Marie-Jeanne: “Early Isolationism Revisited: Neutrality and Beyond in the 1790s”, Journal of American Studies, 29(2), 1995, s.215-227.
  • SAAD, Aaron, “Pathways of Harm: The Consequences of Trump’s Withdrawal from the Paris Climate Agreement”, Environmental Justice, 11(1), 2018, 47–51.
  • SAAD, Aaron, “Pathways of Harm: The Consequences of Trump’s Withdrawal from the Paris Climate Agreement”, Environmental Justice, 11(1), 2018, 47–51.
  • SC Res 497 (1981) of 17 December 1981, UN Doc. S/RES/497 (1981).
  • SC Res 497 (1981) of 17 December 1981, UN Doc. S/RES/497 (1981).
  • SHEAR, Michael/GORDON, Michael: “63 Hours: From Chemical Attack to Trump’s Strike in Syria”, The New York Times, 07.04.2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/07/us/politics/syria-strike-trump-timeline.html (Erişim Tarihi: 19.07.2020).
  • SIMONS, Marlise/SPECIA, Megan: “U.S. Revokes Visa of I.C.C. Prosecutor Pursuing Afghan War Crimes”, 05.04.2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/05/world/europe/us-icc-prosecutor-afghanistan.html (Erişim Tarihi: 18.06.2020).
  • Statement from the Press Secretary”, The White House, 17.10.2018, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/statement-press-secretary-38/ (Erişim Tarihi: 21.10.2020).
  • STOKES, Doug: “Trump, American Hegemony and the Future of the Liberal International Order”, International Affairs, 94(1), 2018, s.133-150.
  • STOKES, Doug: “Trump, American Hegemony and the Future of the Liberal International Order”, International Affairs, 94(1), 2018, s.133-150.
  • SWANSON, Ana/COCHRANE, Emily: “Trump Signs Trade Deal With Canada and Mexico”, The New York Times, 29.01.2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/29/business/economy/usmca-trump.html (Erişim Tarihi: 03.11.2020).
  • The Inaugural Address, The White House, 20.01.2017, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/the-inaugural-address/ (Erişim Tarihi: 16.08.2020).
  • TURAK, Natasha: “US Rejects International Court of Justice Ruling on Iran, Continuing Its Isolationist Charge”, CNBC, 05.10.2018, https://www.cnbc.com/2018/10/05/us-rejects-international-court-of-justice-ruling-on-iran-continuing-its-isolationist-charge.html (Erişim Tarihi: 18.08.2020).
  • United Nations, Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Communication Search, spcommreports.ohchr.org/Tmsearch/TMDocuments (Erişim Tarihi: 19.07.2020).
  • VINSON, Liz: “Family Separation Policy Continues Two Years After Trump Administration Claims It Ended”, Southern Poverty Law Center, 18.06.2020, https://www.splcenter.org/news/2020/06/18/family-separation-policy-continues-two-years-after-trump-administration-claims-it-ended (Erişim Tarihi: 14.06.2020).
Toplam 131 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Hukuk
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Şahin Eray Kırdım 0000-0003-4207-6559

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Eylül 2020
Kabul Tarihi 19 Mart 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kırdım, Ş. E. (2021). ULUSLARARASI HUKUK SAVAŞ HALİNDE: TRUMP YÖNETİMİNİN ULUSLARARASI HUKUK YAKLAŞIMI ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(1), 148-164. https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.795535
AMA Kırdım ŞE. ULUSLARARASI HUKUK SAVAŞ HALİNDE: TRUMP YÖNETİMİNİN ULUSLARARASI HUKUK YAKLAŞIMI ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME. İnÜHFD. Haziran 2021;12(1):148-164. doi:10.21492/inuhfd.795535
Chicago Kırdım, Şahin Eray. “ULUSLARARASI HUKUK SAVAŞ HALİNDE: TRUMP YÖNETİMİNİN ULUSLARARASI HUKUK YAKLAŞIMI ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME”. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 12, sy. 1 (Haziran 2021): 148-64. https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.795535.
EndNote Kırdım ŞE (01 Haziran 2021) ULUSLARARASI HUKUK SAVAŞ HALİNDE: TRUMP YÖNETİMİNİN ULUSLARARASI HUKUK YAKLAŞIMI ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 12 1 148–164.
IEEE Ş. E. Kırdım, “ULUSLARARASI HUKUK SAVAŞ HALİNDE: TRUMP YÖNETİMİNİN ULUSLARARASI HUKUK YAKLAŞIMI ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME”, İnÜHFD, c. 12, sy. 1, ss. 148–164, 2021, doi: 10.21492/inuhfd.795535.
ISNAD Kırdım, Şahin Eray. “ULUSLARARASI HUKUK SAVAŞ HALİNDE: TRUMP YÖNETİMİNİN ULUSLARARASI HUKUK YAKLAŞIMI ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME”. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 12/1 (Haziran 2021), 148-164. https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.795535.
JAMA Kırdım ŞE. ULUSLARARASI HUKUK SAVAŞ HALİNDE: TRUMP YÖNETİMİNİN ULUSLARARASI HUKUK YAKLAŞIMI ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME. İnÜHFD. 2021;12:148–164.
MLA Kırdım, Şahin Eray. “ULUSLARARASI HUKUK SAVAŞ HALİNDE: TRUMP YÖNETİMİNİN ULUSLARARASI HUKUK YAKLAŞIMI ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME”. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 12, sy. 1, 2021, ss. 148-64, doi:10.21492/inuhfd.795535.
Vancouver Kırdım ŞE. ULUSLARARASI HUKUK SAVAŞ HALİNDE: TRUMP YÖNETİMİNİN ULUSLARARASI HUKUK YAKLAŞIMI ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME. İnÜHFD. 2021;12(1):148-64.

Cited By

CUMHURBAŞKANI’NIN YÜRÜRLÜKTE OLAN ULUSLARARASI SÖZLEŞMELER ÜZERİNDEKİ TASARRUF YETKİSİ VE TÜRKİYE’NİN İSTANBUL SÖZLEŞMESİNDEN AYRILMASININ HUKUKİ ANALİZİ
Selcuk Universitesi Hukuk Fakultesi Dergisi
Mustafa Taha DURMUŞ
https://doi.org/10.15337/suhfd.929925
 Kapak Resmi İndir

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