AB TEMEL HAKLAR ŞARTI’NIN YATAY ETKİSİ

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 685 - 702, 31.12.2021

Mustafa Tayyar Karayiğit

https://doi.org/10.21492/inuhfd.983622

Öz

Anayasal temel hakların yatay etkisi meselesi, temel hakların özel hukuk ilişkilerinde hak ve yükümlülüklerin kaynağını teşkil edip edemeyeceği ve kamu hukuku kaynaklı temel hakların özel hukuk ilişkilerine uygulanabilir olup olmadığı meselesi olarak sadece AB hukukuna mahsus olmayan, ulusal hukuk sistemlerinde de özel hukukun anayasallaştırılması veya temel hakların özelleştirilmesi gibi kavramlarla aşina olunan bir husustur. AB hukuku özelinde AB Temel Haklar Şartı’nın yatay etkisi bu makalede yatay doğrudan etki, yatay dolaylı etki ve pozitif yükümlülükler çerçevesinde ele alınmaktadır. Bu çerçevede yatay etkiye ilişkin literatürde sıkça rastlanılan lehte ve aleyhte görüşlere değinilmektedir. Yatay doğrudan etkinin unsurları olarak hak-ilke ayrımı ile konu ve kişi bakımından Şart’ın uygulanmasının kapsamı yatay doğrudan etkinin şartları çerçevesinde analiz edilmektedir. Şart’ın bütün hükümlerinin Şart’ın 52(5). maddesi anlamında hak ve ilke kategorisinde olduğuna bakılmaksızın ve ilkeleri uygulayıcı tasarruflarla sınırlanmaksızın yatay dolaylı etkiye, herkesi bağlayan zorunlu nitelikte ve AB hukuku veya ulusal hukuk tarafından daha somut ifade verilmesini gerektirmeyecek şekilde koşulsuz doğaya sahip belirli hükümlerinin ise sadece yatay doğrudan etkiye sahip olduğu vurgulanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

AB Temel Haklar Şartı, Yatay Doğrudan Etki, Yatay Dolaylı Etki

HORIZONTAL EFFECT OF THE CHARTER OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF THE EU

Öz

The issue of horizontal effect of constitutional fundamental rights, as the matter of whether fundamental rights can constitute a source of rights or obligations in private law relationships or whether fundamental rights arising from public law are being applicable to private law relationships, is not unique to EU law, but has been familiar in the national legal systems under the terms “constitutionalisation of private law” or reversely “privatisation of fundamental rights”. The horizontal effect of the Charter of the Fundamental Rights of the EU is examined in the article from the aspects of horizontal direct effect, horizontal indirect effect and positive obligations. The article addresses the opinions in the literature regarding pros and cons of horizontal effect. Differentiation between rights and principles in the Charter, ratione materiae and personae scope of the application of the Charter, mandatory and unconditional nature of its provisions have been scrutinised as elements of the horizontal direct effect of the Charter. The article argues that whereas all provisions of the Charter, irrespective of being categorised as rights or principles under the meaning of Article 52(5) of the Charter, have horizontal indirect effect, its certain provisions which are both mandatory and unconditional in nature, i.e. having erga omnes effect and not needing to be given more concrete expression by the provisions of EU or national law, have horizontal diret effect.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Charter of the Fundamental Rights of the EU, Horizontal Direct Effect, Horizontal Indirect Effect

Kaynakça

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