The Evolution of the European Union Diplomacy within the Framework of the European External Action Service

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 361 - 381, 29.09.2019

Ebru Oğurlu

https://doi.org/10.14782/ipsus.623234

Cited By: 1

Öz

Although the European Union (EU), which is a unique model of integration in terms of its structure

and operational characteristics, is not a state, it frequently fulfils sovereignty-based functions of the

states. Diplomacy as one of the most important symbols of state sovereignty is one of them. The EU not

only uses diplomacy but also develops it in a very unique structure as well. The EU diplomacy, which is

closely related to the international actorness of the EU, has begun to be structured and institutionalized

with the Maastricht Treaty. However, with the innovations of the Treaty of Lisbon, which entered

into force on 1 December 2009, the EU diplomacy has gained a new ground. The European External

Service (EEAS), which was decided to be established by the Treaty of Lisbon as the EU’s diplomacy

institution, is a challenge of the EU to the traditional state diplomacy which can also be called as

Westphalian diplomacy. However, even though there have been modifications and transformations in

the EU diplomacy over the last sixty years to adapt it to the changing global diplomatic developments,

national diplomatic systems continue to dominate the EU. This study will discuss to what extent the

EU’s diplomatic system diverges from the traditional state-centred diplomacy and how the national

diplomacies can still remain as the dominant systems in the EU’s diplomatic framework. The aim of

the study is not to evaluate the performance of the EEAS since its foundation. Rather, this study aims to

reveal how the EU diplomacy has been shaped in the light of the changing global diplomatic system of

the twenty-first century and to discuss the diplomatic structure and understanding of the EEAS as the

EU’s diplomatic actor. Since it is the tenth anniversary of the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon, it

is important to recallr the issue and re-evaluate the EU’s diplomatic evolution.

Anahtar Kelimeler

European Union, Diplomacy, European External Action Service, Foreign Policy, Global Diplomacy

Avrupa Dış Eylem Servisi Kapsamında Avrupa Birliği’nin Diplomatik Dönüşümü

Öz

Yapısı ve işleyiş özellikleri itibariyle kendine özgü bir bütünleşme modeli olan Avrupa Birliği (AB)

bir devlet olmamasına rağmen devlet egemenliğinin en önemli sembollerinden biri olan diplomasiyi

hem kullanmakta hem de kendine özgü bir yapıda geliştirmektedir. AB’nin uluslararası aktörlüğü ile

yakından ilgili olan AB diplomasisi Maastricht Antlaşması ile yapısallaşmaya ve kurumsallaşmaya

başlamışsa da 1 Aralık 2009 tarihinde yürürlüğe giren ve AB’nin uluslararası aktörlüğünü güçlendiren

Lizbon Antlaşması’nın getirdiği yenilikler neticesinde yeni bir zemin kazanmıştır. Antlaşma ile AB’nin

diplomatik birimi olarak kurulması kararlaştırılan Avrupa Dış Eylemler Servisi (ADES), AB’nin

Vestfalyan diplomasi olarak da adlandırılabilecek geleneksel diplomasiye bir meydan okumasıdır.

Ancak, geçen altmış yılı aşkın zaman diliminde küresel gelişmelere uyum adına diplomasi anlayışında

değişiklikler yapılmış olsa da ulusal diplomatik sistemler AB içindeki baskınlığını sürdürmektedir.

Bu çalışmada AB’nin Lizbon Antlaşması ile oluşturulmaya çalışılan diplomatik sisteminin ne

ölçüde geleneksel devlet merkezli diplomasiden ayrıldığı ve nasıl ulusal diplomasilerin hâlâ egemen

sistemler olarak varlıklarını devam ettirdiği tartışılacaktır. Çalışmanın amacı, ADES’in kurulduğu

günden itibaren gösterdiği performansı değerlendirmek yerine yirmi birinci yüzyılda değişen küresel

diplomatik sistemin ışığında, AB diplomasisinin nasıl şekillendiğini ve AB’nin diplomatik aktörü

olarak ADES’in diplomasi anlayışını ve yapısını ortaya koymaktır. Lizbon Antlaşması’nın yürürlüğe

girişinin onuncu yıl dönümü olması sebebiyle konuya tekrar dikkat çekmekte ve AB’nin diplomatik

gelişimini tartışmakta fayda olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Avrupa Birliği, Diplomasi, Avrupa Birliği Diplomasisi, Dış Eylemler Servisi, Dış Politika, Küresel Diplomasi

Kaynakça

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