Araştırma Makalesi
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DESTİNASYON SADAKATİNİ ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER: BİSİKLET TURİZMİ VE BURHANİYE BİSİKLET FESTİVALİ ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 84 - 102, 02.01.2019

Öz

Bisiklet,
ulaşım, spor, eğlence ve turizm aktivitelerine yönelik kullanılan bir araç
olarak dünya tarihinin son yüzyılına damga vurmuştur. Dünya genelinde turizm
sektöründeki son trendler ve gelişmeler incelediğinde, turizm ile bisiklet
arasındaki ilişkinin gittikçe geliştiği ve teşvik edildiği görülmektedir.
Bisiklet turizminin bir alt kümesi olarak bisiklet etkinlikleri de çevreye
duyarlı, yerel katılımı sağlayan, kültürel mirasın yeniden canlanmasına katkı
sunan bir etkinlik şekli olmasından dolayı, şehirlerde ve özellikle kırsal
bölgelerde sürdürülebilir turizmin gelişmesi için önemli bir fırsat olarak sunulmaktadır.
Bisiklet etkinlikleri (tur/festival ve yarış) sayesinde birçok katılımcının bir
destinasyona seyahat etmesi teşvik edilmekte, destinasyon imajı şekillenmekte
ve katılımcıların destinasyonları başkalarına tavsiye etmeleri sağlanarak
destinasyonun tanıtımı yapılmaktadır.



Bu
çalışma, dünyada ve Türkiye’de bisiklet turizminin kapsamını, bisiklet
festivallerinin ev sahibi ülkeye kültürel ve ekonomik etkisini ortaya
koymaktadır.
Türkiye, bisiklet turizmindeki
gelişmeler ve özellikle bisiklet festivallerindeki kayda değer artış ile
birlikte bu turizm türü ile önemli bir destinasyon olma yolunda ilerlemektedir.
Bu kapsamda
Burhaniye Bisiklet
Festivali özelinde yürütülen bir saha araştırmasının bulguları irdelenerek,
Türkiye’de bisiklet ile ilgili kurum ve kuruluşlara önerilerde bulunulmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Adam, J. & Munro, S. 2009. Etape caledonia economic impact assessment 2009. Report for Perth and Kinross Council, EKOS Ltd., UK: Glasgow.
  • Adventure Cycling Association. 2016. Economic impact, https://www.adventurecycling.org/routes-and-maps/us-bicycle-route-system/benefits-and-building-support/economic-impact/.
  • Aşan, K. & Akoğlan Kozak, M. 2015. Postmodern turist deneyimi ve bisiklet turizmi. International Journal Of Eurasia Social Sciences, 6 (21): 265-288.Bloemer, J.M.M. & Lemmink, G.A.M. 1992. The Importance of Customer Satisfaction in Explaining Brand and Dealer Loyalty. Journal of Marketing Management, 8: 351-364.
  • Bowen, J.T. & Chen, S.L. 2001. The Relationship Between Customer Loyalty and Customer Satisfaction. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 13(5): 213-217.
  • Chang, H.-W. & Chang, H.-L. 2003. A strategic study of bicycle tourism in Taiwan. Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, 5: 1675-1685.
  • Çiftyıldız, S.S. 2010. Bilgi Araştırma Eğiliminin Tüketici İlgisi ile Müşteri Tatmini Arasındaki İlişkiye Etkisi. Akademik İncelemeler Dergisi, 5(1): 73-89.
  • Çiftyıldız, S.S. & Sütütemiz, N. 2007. Tüketici İlgisinin Marka Bağlılığına Etkisi. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 13(1): 37-55.
  • Dick, A.S.; Basu, K. (1994). Customer Loyalty: Toward an Integrated Conceptual Framework. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 22(2), 99-113.
  • Downward, P.; Lumsdon, L. (2001). The Development of Recreational Cycle Routes: an evaluation of user needs, Managing Leisure, 6, 50-60.
  • Eren, S. & Erge, A. 2012. Marka Güveni, Marka Memnuniyeti ve Müşteri Değerinin Tüketicilerin Marka Sadakati Üzerine Etkisi. Journal of Yaşar University, 26(7): 4455-4482.
  • Faulks, P., Ritchie, B., Brown, G. & Beeton, S. 2008. Cycle Tourism and South Australia Destination Marketing, Australia: CRC for Sustainable Tourism Pty Ltd.
  • Faulks, P., Ritchie, B.W. & Dodd, J. 2008. Bicycle tourism as an opportunity for re-creation and restoration? Investigating the motivations of bike ride participants, Paper presented at the New Zealand Tourism and Hospitality Research Conference, p.1-27.
  • https://bisiklopedi.com/etkinlikler (Erişim Tarihi: 15 Mart 2018).
  • http://www.active-traveller.com/top-tens/top-10-cycling-festivals-2017 (Erişim Tarihi: 15 Mart 2018).
  • http://www.bisikletrotalari.com/bisiklet-festivalleri-2017/ (Erişim Tarihi: 15 Mart 2018).
  • https://www.cyclingfestivaleurope.eu/countries (Erişim Tarihi: 15 Mart 2018).
  • Kapferer, J.N. & Laurent, G. 1985. Consumer involvement profiles: A new practical approach to consumer involvement, Journal of Advertising Research, 25(6): 50.
  • Köse, E. 2007. Müşteri sadakati sağlamada araçsal bir yöntem olarak şikayet yönetimi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İşletme Anabilim Dalı Üretim Yönetimi ve Pazarlama Bilim Dalı. İstanbul.
  • Lam, S.Y., Shankar, V., Erramilli, M.K. & Murthy, B. 2004. Customer value, satisfaction, loyalty, and switching costs: An illustration from a business-to-business service context. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 32: 293-311.
  • Lane, B. 1999. Trails and tourism: The missing link http://americantrails.org/resources/economics/tourismUKecon.html.
  • Lamont, M. 2009. Reinventing the wheel: A definitional discussion of bicycle tourism. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 14(1): 5-23.
  • Lumsdon, L. 1996. Cycle tourism in Britain. Insights. March, D27-D32.
  • Lumsdon, L. 2000. Transport and Tourism: Cycle Tourism - A Model for Sustainable Development?, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 8 (5): 361-377.
  • Marcussen, C.H. 2009. Cycling tourism in North-Western Poland, on Bornholm and in Southern Sweden, Centre for Regional and Tourism Research, Bornholm, Denmark.
  • Millington, K. 2013. Cycling in Scandinavia - September 2013, Mintel Group Ltd.
  • Mrnjavac, E. & Kovacic, N. 2012. "Cycling-friendly tourist destination", in Proceedeings of the 2nd Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Marketing & Management Conference, May 31–June 3, 2012, The Alexander Technological Institute of Thessaloniki, The Democritus University of Thrace, The Washington State University and The Research Institute for Tourism.
  • Mrnjavac, E. Kovacic, N. & Topolsek, D. 2014. The logistic product of bicycle destinations, Tourism and Hospitality Management, 20 (2): 171-184.
  • Newman, J.W. & Werbel, R.A. 1973. Muitivariate Analysis of Brand Loyalty for Major Household Appliances. Journal of Marketing Research, 10: 404-409.
  • Nickerson, N.P., Jorgenson, J.D., Berry, M., Kwenye, J., Kozel, D. & Schutz, J., 2014. Bicycle tourism: Providing economic development opportunities for Montana, Montana Business Quarterly/Summer 2014, 52(2): 3-7.
  • Oliver, R.L. 1999. Whence customer loyalty. Journal of Marketing, Special Issue, 63: 33-44.
  • Özbek, V. & Külahlı, A. 2016. Tüketici ilgileniminin müşteri memnuniyeti üzerindeki etkisi: Üniversite öğrencileri üzerinde bir araştırma, AİBÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 16(4): 111-130.
  • Pratte, J. 2006. Bicycle tourism: on the trail to economic development, University of Winnipeg, Prairie Perspectives, pp. 62-84, http://pcag.uwinnipeg.ca/Prairie-Perspectives/PP-Vol09/Pratte.pdf.
  • Ritchie, W.R. 1998. Bicycle Tourism in the South Island of New Zealand: Planning and Management Issues, Tourism Management, 19(6): 567-582.
  • Russell-Bennett, R., McColl-Kennedy, R.J. & Coote, L.V. 2007. Involvement, satisfaction, and brand loyalty in a small business services setting. Journal of Business Research, 60: 1253-1260.
  • Salamin G. 2010. Market trends on and peculiarities of the market for bicycle tourism in Hungary. Happy Bike & Magyar Kerékpárosklub, http://regiok.happybike.hu/regiok/turizmus.html.
  • Shipwaya, R., Kinga, K., Leeb, I.S. & Brown, G. 2016. Understanding cycle tourism experiences at the Tour Down Under, Journal Of Sport & Tourism, 20(1): 21-39.
  • Snelgrove, R. & Wood, L. 2010. Attracting and leveraging visitors at a charity cycling event, Journal of Sport & Tourism, 15(4): 269-285.
  • Sustrans 1999. Cycle Tourism, Information pack TT21, Sustrans, Bristol, UK.
  • Southworth, M. & Ben-Joseph, E. 1997. Streets and the shaping of towns and cities. McGraw-Hill, New York.
  • Streicher, H. & Saayman, M. 2010. Travel motives of participants in the Cape Argus Pick N Pay Cycle Tour. South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation, 32(1): 121-131.
  • The South Australian Tourism Commission (SATC) 2005. South Australian cycle tourism strategy 2005-2009. http://www.bicyclecouncil.com.au/.Tourism Australia 2005. Cycle tourism, http://www.tourism.australia.com/Markets.asp?sub=0338&al=1567.
  • Zaichkowsky, J.L. 1985. Measuring The İnvolvement Construct. Journal of Consumer Research, 12: 341-352.
  • Zaichkowsky, J.L. 1986. Conceptualizing involvement. Journal of Advertising, 15(2): 4-14.
  • Zeithaml, V.A., Berry, L.L. & Parasuraman, A. 1996. The Behavioral Consequences of service Quality. Journal of Marketing, 60 (2): 31-46.
  • Zeithaml, V.A. & Bitner, M.J. 2003. Services marketing, integrating customer focus across the firm. int ed., 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Yıl 2018, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 84 - 102, 02.01.2019

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Adam, J. & Munro, S. 2009. Etape caledonia economic impact assessment 2009. Report for Perth and Kinross Council, EKOS Ltd., UK: Glasgow.
  • Adventure Cycling Association. 2016. Economic impact, https://www.adventurecycling.org/routes-and-maps/us-bicycle-route-system/benefits-and-building-support/economic-impact/.
  • Aşan, K. & Akoğlan Kozak, M. 2015. Postmodern turist deneyimi ve bisiklet turizmi. International Journal Of Eurasia Social Sciences, 6 (21): 265-288.Bloemer, J.M.M. & Lemmink, G.A.M. 1992. The Importance of Customer Satisfaction in Explaining Brand and Dealer Loyalty. Journal of Marketing Management, 8: 351-364.
  • Bowen, J.T. & Chen, S.L. 2001. The Relationship Between Customer Loyalty and Customer Satisfaction. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 13(5): 213-217.
  • Chang, H.-W. & Chang, H.-L. 2003. A strategic study of bicycle tourism in Taiwan. Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, 5: 1675-1685.
  • Çiftyıldız, S.S. 2010. Bilgi Araştırma Eğiliminin Tüketici İlgisi ile Müşteri Tatmini Arasındaki İlişkiye Etkisi. Akademik İncelemeler Dergisi, 5(1): 73-89.
  • Çiftyıldız, S.S. & Sütütemiz, N. 2007. Tüketici İlgisinin Marka Bağlılığına Etkisi. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 13(1): 37-55.
  • Dick, A.S.; Basu, K. (1994). Customer Loyalty: Toward an Integrated Conceptual Framework. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 22(2), 99-113.
  • Downward, P.; Lumsdon, L. (2001). The Development of Recreational Cycle Routes: an evaluation of user needs, Managing Leisure, 6, 50-60.
  • Eren, S. & Erge, A. 2012. Marka Güveni, Marka Memnuniyeti ve Müşteri Değerinin Tüketicilerin Marka Sadakati Üzerine Etkisi. Journal of Yaşar University, 26(7): 4455-4482.
  • Faulks, P., Ritchie, B., Brown, G. & Beeton, S. 2008. Cycle Tourism and South Australia Destination Marketing, Australia: CRC for Sustainable Tourism Pty Ltd.
  • Faulks, P., Ritchie, B.W. & Dodd, J. 2008. Bicycle tourism as an opportunity for re-creation and restoration? Investigating the motivations of bike ride participants, Paper presented at the New Zealand Tourism and Hospitality Research Conference, p.1-27.
  • https://bisiklopedi.com/etkinlikler (Erişim Tarihi: 15 Mart 2018).
  • http://www.active-traveller.com/top-tens/top-10-cycling-festivals-2017 (Erişim Tarihi: 15 Mart 2018).
  • http://www.bisikletrotalari.com/bisiklet-festivalleri-2017/ (Erişim Tarihi: 15 Mart 2018).
  • https://www.cyclingfestivaleurope.eu/countries (Erişim Tarihi: 15 Mart 2018).
  • Kapferer, J.N. & Laurent, G. 1985. Consumer involvement profiles: A new practical approach to consumer involvement, Journal of Advertising Research, 25(6): 50.
  • Köse, E. 2007. Müşteri sadakati sağlamada araçsal bir yöntem olarak şikayet yönetimi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İşletme Anabilim Dalı Üretim Yönetimi ve Pazarlama Bilim Dalı. İstanbul.
  • Lam, S.Y., Shankar, V., Erramilli, M.K. & Murthy, B. 2004. Customer value, satisfaction, loyalty, and switching costs: An illustration from a business-to-business service context. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 32: 293-311.
  • Lane, B. 1999. Trails and tourism: The missing link http://americantrails.org/resources/economics/tourismUKecon.html.
  • Lamont, M. 2009. Reinventing the wheel: A definitional discussion of bicycle tourism. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 14(1): 5-23.
  • Lumsdon, L. 1996. Cycle tourism in Britain. Insights. March, D27-D32.
  • Lumsdon, L. 2000. Transport and Tourism: Cycle Tourism - A Model for Sustainable Development?, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 8 (5): 361-377.
  • Marcussen, C.H. 2009. Cycling tourism in North-Western Poland, on Bornholm and in Southern Sweden, Centre for Regional and Tourism Research, Bornholm, Denmark.
  • Millington, K. 2013. Cycling in Scandinavia - September 2013, Mintel Group Ltd.
  • Mrnjavac, E. & Kovacic, N. 2012. "Cycling-friendly tourist destination", in Proceedeings of the 2nd Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Marketing & Management Conference, May 31–June 3, 2012, The Alexander Technological Institute of Thessaloniki, The Democritus University of Thrace, The Washington State University and The Research Institute for Tourism.
  • Mrnjavac, E. Kovacic, N. & Topolsek, D. 2014. The logistic product of bicycle destinations, Tourism and Hospitality Management, 20 (2): 171-184.
  • Newman, J.W. & Werbel, R.A. 1973. Muitivariate Analysis of Brand Loyalty for Major Household Appliances. Journal of Marketing Research, 10: 404-409.
  • Nickerson, N.P., Jorgenson, J.D., Berry, M., Kwenye, J., Kozel, D. & Schutz, J., 2014. Bicycle tourism: Providing economic development opportunities for Montana, Montana Business Quarterly/Summer 2014, 52(2): 3-7.
  • Oliver, R.L. 1999. Whence customer loyalty. Journal of Marketing, Special Issue, 63: 33-44.
  • Özbek, V. & Külahlı, A. 2016. Tüketici ilgileniminin müşteri memnuniyeti üzerindeki etkisi: Üniversite öğrencileri üzerinde bir araştırma, AİBÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 16(4): 111-130.
  • Pratte, J. 2006. Bicycle tourism: on the trail to economic development, University of Winnipeg, Prairie Perspectives, pp. 62-84, http://pcag.uwinnipeg.ca/Prairie-Perspectives/PP-Vol09/Pratte.pdf.
  • Ritchie, W.R. 1998. Bicycle Tourism in the South Island of New Zealand: Planning and Management Issues, Tourism Management, 19(6): 567-582.
  • Russell-Bennett, R., McColl-Kennedy, R.J. & Coote, L.V. 2007. Involvement, satisfaction, and brand loyalty in a small business services setting. Journal of Business Research, 60: 1253-1260.
  • Salamin G. 2010. Market trends on and peculiarities of the market for bicycle tourism in Hungary. Happy Bike & Magyar Kerékpárosklub, http://regiok.happybike.hu/regiok/turizmus.html.
  • Shipwaya, R., Kinga, K., Leeb, I.S. & Brown, G. 2016. Understanding cycle tourism experiences at the Tour Down Under, Journal Of Sport & Tourism, 20(1): 21-39.
  • Snelgrove, R. & Wood, L. 2010. Attracting and leveraging visitors at a charity cycling event, Journal of Sport & Tourism, 15(4): 269-285.
  • Sustrans 1999. Cycle Tourism, Information pack TT21, Sustrans, Bristol, UK.
  • Southworth, M. & Ben-Joseph, E. 1997. Streets and the shaping of towns and cities. McGraw-Hill, New York.
  • Streicher, H. & Saayman, M. 2010. Travel motives of participants in the Cape Argus Pick N Pay Cycle Tour. South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation, 32(1): 121-131.
  • The South Australian Tourism Commission (SATC) 2005. South Australian cycle tourism strategy 2005-2009. http://www.bicyclecouncil.com.au/.Tourism Australia 2005. Cycle tourism, http://www.tourism.australia.com/Markets.asp?sub=0338&al=1567.
  • Zaichkowsky, J.L. 1985. Measuring The İnvolvement Construct. Journal of Consumer Research, 12: 341-352.
  • Zaichkowsky, J.L. 1986. Conceptualizing involvement. Journal of Advertising, 15(2): 4-14.
  • Zeithaml, V.A., Berry, L.L. & Parasuraman, A. 1996. The Behavioral Consequences of service Quality. Journal of Marketing, 60 (2): 31-46.
  • Zeithaml, V.A. & Bitner, M.J. 2003. Services marketing, integrating customer focus across the firm. int ed., 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm MAKALELER
Yazarlar

Sabriye Çelik Uğuz

Volkan Özbek

Yayımlanma Tarihi 2 Ocak 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 2 Ekim 2018
Kabul Tarihi 29 Kasım 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Çelik Uğuz, S., & Özbek, V. (2019). DESTİNASYON SADAKATİNİ ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER: BİSİKLET TURİZMİ VE BURHANİYE BİSİKLET FESTİVALİ ÖRNEĞİ. International Review of Economics and Management, 6(2), 84-102.