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A Criticism of Transhumanism from the Society 5.0 Perspective in the Context of Social Values

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 169 - 201, 31.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.12730/is.1280764

Öz

From the standpoint of Society 5.0, the transhumanist perspective, which advances along the trajectory of technological singularity, appears to pose certain challenges, particularly in relation to its treatment of social values. Consequently, it is essential to critically examine and compare these two perspectives. The primary objective of this research is to offer a conceptual contribution aimed at mitigating potential complexities associated with social design projects developed for the future of humanity.
As part of the literature review, data pertaining to the perspectives of Society 5.0 and transhumanism on social values were gathered and systematically analyzed. The findings of the study indicate that while transhumanist objectives may encompass certain positive elements, they are inadequate to achieve a content and flourishing society. Given that the social values that lend meaning to human existence are contingent upon cultural norms, it becomes necessary to reevaluate transhumanist goals in alignment with the principles of Society 5.0. This is because neglecting spiritual well-being can adversely affect goal achievement and may trigger social crises.

Kaynakça

  • Adelson-Gavrieli, Michele. “Transhumanism: Variety is the Ultimate Hack”. The Transhumanism Handbook. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019.
  • Baba, Dorin. “Transhumanism, Evolution and Limits”. Hermeneia 24 (2020), 15-24.
  • Baran, Stanley J. Introduction to Mass Communication: Media Literacy and Culture. New York: McGraw Hill, 2004.
  • Bauman, Zygmunt. The Individualized Society. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2008.
  • Bell, Daniel. The End of Ideology. New York: Harvard University Press, 1988.
  • Bijker, Wiebe E. “How is Technology Made-That is the Question?” Cambridge Journal of Economics 34 (2010), 63-76.
  • Bostrom, Nick. “Transhumanist Values”. Nickbostrom.com. 2005. Accessed March 28, 2023. https://nickbostrom.com/ethics/values
  • Braidotti, Rosi. The Posthuman. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2013.
  • Büyükbingöl, Abdulkadir. Toplum 5.0: Süper Akıllı Toplumun İnşası. İstanbul: Astana Yayınları 2021.
  • Büyükbingöl Yağcı, Ayşegül. Değerler Eğitimi Bağlamında Yusuf ile Züleyha Kıssası. İstanbul: Marmara University, Institute of Social Sciences, Master’s Thesis, 2012.
  • Castells, Manuel. The Rise of the Network Society. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 2nd edition, 2000.
  • Cinoğlu, Hüseyin. “Suç, Küreselleşme ve Gelecek”. In Suç Önleme Sempozyumu. Edited by Uğur Argun - Sekine Bozdemir. 247-261. Bursa: Bursa Emniyet Müdürlüğü Yayınları, 2011.
  • Cordeiro, José Luis. “The Boundaries of the Human: From Humanism to Transhumanism”. The Transhumanism Handbook. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019.
  • Dağ, Ahmet. “Transhumanism as a Radicalization of Humanism”. Felsefi Düşün 9 (2017), 46-68.
  • Dağdelen, Cengiz. Post-Hüman: Transhümanizm Hareketi’nden Posthümanizm’e. Konya: Tılsım Yayınevi, 2021.
  • Ferreira, Carlos Miguel - Serpa, Sandro. “Society 5.0 and Social Development”. Preprints.org. 2018. Accessed April 03, 2023. https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/201811.0108/v1
  • Freud, Sigmund. Civilization and Its Discontents. London: Hogarth Press, 1930.
  • Fukuyama, Francis. Our Posthuman Future: Consequences of the Biotechnology Revolution. New York: Picador, 2002.
  • Fukuyama, Francis. “Transhumanism”. Foreign Policy 144 (2004), 42-43.
  • Gezgin, Mehmet Fikret. “Cemaat-Cemiyet Ayırımı ve Ferdinand Tönnies”. Sosyoloji Konferansları 22 (1988), 183-201.
  • Gürcan, Halil İbrahim. “İnternet Haberciliğinde Etik Değerler”. İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi 22 (2005), 39-46.
  • Habermas, Jürgen. Theory of Communicative Action Volume One: Reason and the Rationalisation of Society. Boston: Beacon Press, 1984.
  • Harari, Yuval Noah. Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow. New York: Harper Perennial, 2018.
  • Harayama, Yuko. “Society 5.0: Aiming for a New Human-Centered Society Japan’s Science and Technology Policies for Addressing Global Social Challenges”. Hitachi Review 66/6 (2017), 554-559. Accessed March 18, 2023. https://www.hitachi.com/rev/archive/2017/r2017_06/pdf/p08-13_TRENDS.pdf
  • Innis, Harold A. Empire and Communications. Canada: Press Porcépic, 1986. https://www.are.na/block/1987315
  • Kahane, Guy - Savulescu, Julian. “The Value of Sex in Procreative Reasons”. The American Journal of Bioethics 10/7 (2010), 22-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2010.482649
  • Kara, Oğuz - Aydın, Üzeyir - Oğuz, Ahmet. “Ağ Ekonomisinin Karanlık Yüzü: Siber Terör”. Ağ Ekonomisinin Karanlık Yüzü: Siber Terör 2/156-170. İstanbul, 2006.
  • Koç, Emel. “Bilim ve Teknoloji Çağında İnsan Olma Sorumluluğu (Etik Bilinç)”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 17/2 (2013), 1-13.
  • Köksal, Hüseyin. “2023 Eğitim Vizyon Belgesi, Tekillik ve Transhümanizm”. Eğitim ve Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi 6/1 (2019), 145-457.
  • Kurzweil, Ray. “Human Body Version 2.0”. In The Ray Kurzweil Reader. Edited by Ray Kurzweil. 3-13. 2003. https://www.thekurzweillibrary.com/pdf/RayKurzweilReader.pdf
  • Lee, Inessa. “Equalism: Paradise Regained”. The Transhumanism Handbook. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019.
  • Lee, Newton. “Brave New World of Transhumanism”. The Transhumanism Handbook. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019.
  • Levchuk, Kate. “How Transhumanism Will Get Us Through the Third Millennium”. The Transhumanism Handbook. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019.
  • Logan, Robert, “Writing and the Alphabet Effect”. In Communication in History: Stone Age Symbols to Social Media. Edited by Peter Urquhart - Paul Heyer. 51-58. New York: Routledge, 7th ed., 2019.
  • Manzini, Enzio. “Design, Ethics and Sustainability: Guidelines for a Transition Phase”. In Cumulus Working Papers: Nantes 16/06. Edited by Eija Salmi - Lotta Anusionwu. 9-15. Helsinki: University of Art and Design Helsinki, 2006.
  • Marx, Karl. “A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy”. In Marx Today: Selected Works and Recent Debates. Edited by J. F. Sitton, 91-94. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.
  • McLuhan, Marshall. The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man. Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1962. http://www.ocopy.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/mcluhan-marshall_the-gutenberg-galaxy-the-making-of-typographic-man.pdf
  • Nakanishi, Hiroaki - Kitano, Hiroaki. Society 5.0 - Co-Creating the Future. Tokyo: Keidanren, 2018.
  • Ostler, Blaire. “A Transhumanist God”. In The Transhumanism Handbook. Edited by Newton Lee. 823-827. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019.
  • Özdemir, Muhammet - Başaran, Nevin. “Transhümanizm, Posthümanizm ve İnsan Bilincinin Yeni Kapsamı”. İslâmî Araştırmalar 32/1 (2021), 30-51.
  • Özgökman, Fatih. “Entropi, Şans ve Tanrı”. Felsefe Dünyası 59 (2014), 77-112.
  • Papanek, Victor. Design for the Real World: Human Ecology and Social Change. Chicago: Academy Chicago Publishers, 1985.
  • Peters, Ted. “Boarding the Transhumanist Train: How Far Should the Christian Ride?” In The Transhumanism Handbook. Edited by Newton Lee. 795-804. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019.
  • al-Rāzī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Fakhr al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar. Tafsīr al-Fakhr al-Rāzī al-mushtahir bi-l-Tafsīr al-kabīr wa-Mafātīḥ al-ghayb. 32 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1401/1981.
  • Rousseau, Jean. J. The Social Contract. New York: London & Toronto, 1923. https://oll-resources.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/oll3/store/titles/638/0132_Bk.pdf
  • Sismondo, Sergio. An Introduction to Science and Technology Studies. Malden: Blackwell, 2004. https://archive.org/details/introductiontosc0000sism/mode/2up?q=determinism
  • Suryadi, Suryadi. “Challenges and Opportunities for Community Empowerment in the Era of Society 5.0”. Prosperity: Journal of Society and Empowerment 2/2 (2022), 74-85. https://doi.org/10.21580/prosperity.2022.2.2.12380
  • Tirosh-Samuelson, Hava. “Engaging Transhumanism”. H± Transhumanism and Its Critics. Philadelphia: Metanexus, 2010.
  • Todorova, Mariana. “Philosophical, Moral, and Ethical Rationalization of Artificial Intelligence”. The Transhumanism Handbook. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019.
  • TR.wikipedia.org. “Devrimler ve Ayaklanmalar Listesi”. Accessed March 19, 2023. https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devrimler_ve_ayaklanmalar_listesi
  • UN. Society 5.0 for SDGs. Final Declaration. B20 Tokyo Summit Joint Recommendations. Tokyo: United National, 2019. United National. Accesed March 18, 2023. http://www.b20tokyo.org/
  • Vita-More, Natasha. “Introduction to “H+: Transhumanism Answers Its Critics”. metanexus.net. 2009. Accessed March 27, 2023. https://metanexus.net/introduction-h-transhumanism-answers-its-critics/
Yıl 2023, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 169 - 201, 31.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.12730/is.1280764

Öz

Teşekkür

Sayın editör, uzun süredir yazmayı planladığım bir konuyu işlememe vesile olduğunuz için çok teşekkür ederim. Teknolojik gelecekte sorun olarak karşılaşılacağını düşündüğüm bu konunun bilim çevrelerinde sıkça tartışılmasını dilerim.

Kaynakça

  • Adelson-Gavrieli, Michele. “Transhumanism: Variety is the Ultimate Hack”. The Transhumanism Handbook. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019.
  • Baba, Dorin. “Transhumanism, Evolution and Limits”. Hermeneia 24 (2020), 15-24.
  • Baran, Stanley J. Introduction to Mass Communication: Media Literacy and Culture. New York: McGraw Hill, 2004.
  • Bauman, Zygmunt. The Individualized Society. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2008.
  • Bell, Daniel. The End of Ideology. New York: Harvard University Press, 1988.
  • Bijker, Wiebe E. “How is Technology Made-That is the Question?” Cambridge Journal of Economics 34 (2010), 63-76.
  • Bostrom, Nick. “Transhumanist Values”. Nickbostrom.com. 2005. Accessed March 28, 2023. https://nickbostrom.com/ethics/values
  • Braidotti, Rosi. The Posthuman. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2013.
  • Büyükbingöl, Abdulkadir. Toplum 5.0: Süper Akıllı Toplumun İnşası. İstanbul: Astana Yayınları 2021.
  • Büyükbingöl Yağcı, Ayşegül. Değerler Eğitimi Bağlamında Yusuf ile Züleyha Kıssası. İstanbul: Marmara University, Institute of Social Sciences, Master’s Thesis, 2012.
  • Castells, Manuel. The Rise of the Network Society. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 2nd edition, 2000.
  • Cinoğlu, Hüseyin. “Suç, Küreselleşme ve Gelecek”. In Suç Önleme Sempozyumu. Edited by Uğur Argun - Sekine Bozdemir. 247-261. Bursa: Bursa Emniyet Müdürlüğü Yayınları, 2011.
  • Cordeiro, José Luis. “The Boundaries of the Human: From Humanism to Transhumanism”. The Transhumanism Handbook. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019.
  • Dağ, Ahmet. “Transhumanism as a Radicalization of Humanism”. Felsefi Düşün 9 (2017), 46-68.
  • Dağdelen, Cengiz. Post-Hüman: Transhümanizm Hareketi’nden Posthümanizm’e. Konya: Tılsım Yayınevi, 2021.
  • Ferreira, Carlos Miguel - Serpa, Sandro. “Society 5.0 and Social Development”. Preprints.org. 2018. Accessed April 03, 2023. https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/201811.0108/v1
  • Freud, Sigmund. Civilization and Its Discontents. London: Hogarth Press, 1930.
  • Fukuyama, Francis. Our Posthuman Future: Consequences of the Biotechnology Revolution. New York: Picador, 2002.
  • Fukuyama, Francis. “Transhumanism”. Foreign Policy 144 (2004), 42-43.
  • Gezgin, Mehmet Fikret. “Cemaat-Cemiyet Ayırımı ve Ferdinand Tönnies”. Sosyoloji Konferansları 22 (1988), 183-201.
  • Gürcan, Halil İbrahim. “İnternet Haberciliğinde Etik Değerler”. İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi 22 (2005), 39-46.
  • Habermas, Jürgen. Theory of Communicative Action Volume One: Reason and the Rationalisation of Society. Boston: Beacon Press, 1984.
  • Harari, Yuval Noah. Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow. New York: Harper Perennial, 2018.
  • Harayama, Yuko. “Society 5.0: Aiming for a New Human-Centered Society Japan’s Science and Technology Policies for Addressing Global Social Challenges”. Hitachi Review 66/6 (2017), 554-559. Accessed March 18, 2023. https://www.hitachi.com/rev/archive/2017/r2017_06/pdf/p08-13_TRENDS.pdf
  • Innis, Harold A. Empire and Communications. Canada: Press Porcépic, 1986. https://www.are.na/block/1987315
  • Kahane, Guy - Savulescu, Julian. “The Value of Sex in Procreative Reasons”. The American Journal of Bioethics 10/7 (2010), 22-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2010.482649
  • Kara, Oğuz - Aydın, Üzeyir - Oğuz, Ahmet. “Ağ Ekonomisinin Karanlık Yüzü: Siber Terör”. Ağ Ekonomisinin Karanlık Yüzü: Siber Terör 2/156-170. İstanbul, 2006.
  • Koç, Emel. “Bilim ve Teknoloji Çağında İnsan Olma Sorumluluğu (Etik Bilinç)”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 17/2 (2013), 1-13.
  • Köksal, Hüseyin. “2023 Eğitim Vizyon Belgesi, Tekillik ve Transhümanizm”. Eğitim ve Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi 6/1 (2019), 145-457.
  • Kurzweil, Ray. “Human Body Version 2.0”. In The Ray Kurzweil Reader. Edited by Ray Kurzweil. 3-13. 2003. https://www.thekurzweillibrary.com/pdf/RayKurzweilReader.pdf
  • Lee, Inessa. “Equalism: Paradise Regained”. The Transhumanism Handbook. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019.
  • Lee, Newton. “Brave New World of Transhumanism”. The Transhumanism Handbook. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019.
  • Levchuk, Kate. “How Transhumanism Will Get Us Through the Third Millennium”. The Transhumanism Handbook. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019.
  • Logan, Robert, “Writing and the Alphabet Effect”. In Communication in History: Stone Age Symbols to Social Media. Edited by Peter Urquhart - Paul Heyer. 51-58. New York: Routledge, 7th ed., 2019.
  • Manzini, Enzio. “Design, Ethics and Sustainability: Guidelines for a Transition Phase”. In Cumulus Working Papers: Nantes 16/06. Edited by Eija Salmi - Lotta Anusionwu. 9-15. Helsinki: University of Art and Design Helsinki, 2006.
  • Marx, Karl. “A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy”. In Marx Today: Selected Works and Recent Debates. Edited by J. F. Sitton, 91-94. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.
  • McLuhan, Marshall. The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man. Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1962. http://www.ocopy.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/mcluhan-marshall_the-gutenberg-galaxy-the-making-of-typographic-man.pdf
  • Nakanishi, Hiroaki - Kitano, Hiroaki. Society 5.0 - Co-Creating the Future. Tokyo: Keidanren, 2018.
  • Ostler, Blaire. “A Transhumanist God”. In The Transhumanism Handbook. Edited by Newton Lee. 823-827. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019.
  • Özdemir, Muhammet - Başaran, Nevin. “Transhümanizm, Posthümanizm ve İnsan Bilincinin Yeni Kapsamı”. İslâmî Araştırmalar 32/1 (2021), 30-51.
  • Özgökman, Fatih. “Entropi, Şans ve Tanrı”. Felsefe Dünyası 59 (2014), 77-112.
  • Papanek, Victor. Design for the Real World: Human Ecology and Social Change. Chicago: Academy Chicago Publishers, 1985.
  • Peters, Ted. “Boarding the Transhumanist Train: How Far Should the Christian Ride?” In The Transhumanism Handbook. Edited by Newton Lee. 795-804. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019.
  • al-Rāzī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Fakhr al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar. Tafsīr al-Fakhr al-Rāzī al-mushtahir bi-l-Tafsīr al-kabīr wa-Mafātīḥ al-ghayb. 32 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1401/1981.
  • Rousseau, Jean. J. The Social Contract. New York: London & Toronto, 1923. https://oll-resources.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/oll3/store/titles/638/0132_Bk.pdf
  • Sismondo, Sergio. An Introduction to Science and Technology Studies. Malden: Blackwell, 2004. https://archive.org/details/introductiontosc0000sism/mode/2up?q=determinism
  • Suryadi, Suryadi. “Challenges and Opportunities for Community Empowerment in the Era of Society 5.0”. Prosperity: Journal of Society and Empowerment 2/2 (2022), 74-85. https://doi.org/10.21580/prosperity.2022.2.2.12380
  • Tirosh-Samuelson, Hava. “Engaging Transhumanism”. H± Transhumanism and Its Critics. Philadelphia: Metanexus, 2010.
  • Todorova, Mariana. “Philosophical, Moral, and Ethical Rationalization of Artificial Intelligence”. The Transhumanism Handbook. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019.
  • TR.wikipedia.org. “Devrimler ve Ayaklanmalar Listesi”. Accessed March 19, 2023. https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devrimler_ve_ayaklanmalar_listesi
  • UN. Society 5.0 for SDGs. Final Declaration. B20 Tokyo Summit Joint Recommendations. Tokyo: United National, 2019. United National. Accesed March 18, 2023. http://www.b20tokyo.org/
  • Vita-More, Natasha. “Introduction to “H+: Transhumanism Answers Its Critics”. metanexus.net. 2009. Accessed March 27, 2023. https://metanexus.net/introduction-h-transhumanism-answers-its-critics/
Toplam 52 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Din Araştırmaları
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Abdulkadir Büyükbingöl 0000-0003-2411-9500

Taylan Maral 0000-0003-4508-4001

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Temmuz 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Nisan 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Büyükbingöl, Abdulkadir - Maral, Taylan. “A Criticism of Transhumanism from the Society 5.0 Perspective in the Context of Social Values”. Ilahiyat Studies 14/1 (Temmuz 2023), 169-201. https://doi.org/10.12730/is.1280764.

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