Assessing Risks of Electric Vehicles in Underground Parking Facilities: Strategies for Enhancing Urban Sustainability

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 45 Sayı: 1, 84 - 96, 07.04.2025

Orhan Topal

https://doi.org/10.47480/isibted.1541539

Öz

As cities confront the dual challenges of global warming and urban environmental degradation, adopting sustainable mobility strategies has become essential for future resilience and sustainability. The use of electric vehicles, which have minimal emissions and are constructed in an energy-efficient manner, represents a viable solution to this issue. Conversely, the secure and effective implementation of electric vehicles in car parks presents a multitude of technical and infrastructural challenges. Despite the anticipated substantial rise in the use of electric vehicles in the near future, there are proposals for them to be subject to a range of restrictions due to fire safety concerns. It has been established that charging processes represent the primary cause of fires in electric vehicles. The utilisation of charging stations in enclosed and particularly subterranean garages situated within edifices that serve a multiplicity of purposes, including commercial, residential and retail, is on the rise. As a result, it poses a greater risk in a potential fire scenario than a charging station located in the open air. The pressure on charging times, especially for electric vehicles, requires the use of chargers with a higher power rating, which may increase the risk.
It is noted that although electric vehicle fires and combustion engine vehicle fires have similar characteristics, there are differences in the fire behavior of electric vehicles. This paper aims to provide a strategic guide to achieving urban sustainability goals by looking at innovative approaches to the deployment of electric vehicles in car parks and solutions to potential risks. The use of car parks is crucial to strengthening the role of electric vehicles in future urban mobility systems. It aims to facilitate the harmonisation of electric vehicles and charging stations, contributing to a more sustainable future by reducing the environmental impact of cities.

Anahtar Kelimeler

electric vehicle fire, indoor car park, charging station integration, emergency response

Yeraltı Otoparklarında Elektrikli Araçların Risklerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Kentsel Sürdürülebilirliği Artırmaya Yönelik Stratejiler

Öz

Şehirler, küresel ısınma ve kentsel çevresel bozulma gibi ikili zorluklarla karşı karşıya kalırken, sürdürülebilir hareketlilik stratejilerinin benimsenmesi, gelecekteki direnç ve sürdürülebilirlik için gerekli hale gelmiştir. Enerji verimli bir şekilde üretilmiş ve minimal emisyon salan elektrikli araçların kullanımı, bu soruna uygun bir çözüm sunmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, elektrikli araçların otoparklarda güvenli ve etkili bir şekilde uygulanması, çok sayıda teknik ve altyapısal zorluklar doğurmaktadır. Yakın gelecekte elektrikli araç kullanımında beklenen büyük artışa rağmen, yangın güvenliği endişeleri nedeniyle bu araçların çeşitli kısıtlamalara tabi tutulması önerilmektedir. Elektrikli araçlarda yangınların ana nedeninin şarj süreçleri olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çeşitli amaçlara hizmet eden (ticari, konut ve perakende gibi) yapıların içinde yer alan kapalı ve özellikle yer altı garajlarındaki şarj istasyonlarının kullanımı artmaktadır. Bu durum, potansiyel bir yangın senaryosunda açık hava şarj istasyonlarına kıyasla daha büyük bir risk oluşturmaktadır. Özellikle elektrikli araçlar için şarj sürelerine yönelik baskı, daha yüksek güç derecesine sahip şarj cihazlarının kullanılmasını gerektirmekte olup bu durum riski artırabilir. Elektrikli araç yangınlarının ve içten yanmalı motorlu araç yangınlarının benzer özellikler göstermesine rağmen, elektrikli araçların yangın davranışlarında farklılıklar olduğu belirtilmektedir.

Bu makale, otoparklarda elektrikli araçların konuşlandırılmasına yönelik yenilikçi yaklaşımları ve potansiyel risklere yönelik çözümleri ele alarak, kentsel sürdürülebilirlik hedeflerine ulaşmak için stratejik bir rehber sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Otoparkların kullanımı, elektrikli araçların gelecekteki kentsel hareketlilik sistemlerindeki rolünü güçlendirmek için kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Şarj istasyonları ve elektrikli araçların uyumlaştırılmasını kolaylaştırmayı ve şehirlerin çevresel etkisini azaltarak daha sürdürülebilir bir geleceğe katkıda bulunmayı hedeflemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

elektrikli araç yangını, kapalı otopark, şarj istasyonu entegrasyonu, acil müdahale

Kaynakça

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