Çevrim İçinden Çevrim Dışına: İspanyol Indignados Hareketi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 113 - 128, 16.07.2023

İhsan Konak

https://doi.org/10.46628/itbhssj.1266834

Öz

İnternet ve sosyal medya uygulamaları artık hayatımızın ayrılmaz bir parçası haline gelmiştir. Bu teknolojiler hemen hemen her alanda kullanılmaktadır. Demokrasinin krizine ilişkin tartışmalarının yapıldığı bir dönemde bu teknolojiler siyasal katılıma ve aktivizme yeni bir boyut kazandırdığı düşünülmektedir. 2011 yılı bu varsayımın teste tabi tutulduğu bir zaman dilimidir. Farklı ülkelerde ortaya çıkan protesto hareketleri interneti ve Twitter, Facebook gibi sosyal medya uygulamalarını yoğun ve etkin bir biçimde kullanmışlardır. Çevrim içinde oluşan veya örgütlenen sanal cemaatler çevrim dışına sokaklara ve meydanlara çıkmışlardır. Bu hareketlerden bir tanesi de İspanya’da ortaya çıkan Indignados (Öfkeliler) Hareketi’dir. Dönemin sosyalist hükümetinin kemer sıkma politikalarına ve ekonomik krizi ilişkin aldığı tedbirlere öfkelenen İspanyollar meydanlara çıkmışlardır. Çevrim içinde başlayan aktivizm çevrim dışına yansımıştır. Bu çalışma Indignados Hareketini internet teknolojileri ve çevrim içi uygulamaları kullanımı açısından ele almaktadır. Öncelikle bu teknolojilerin demokratik potansiyeline ilişkin kavramsal çerçeve ele alınır ve sonrasında Indignados Hareketi bu çerçevede değerlendirilir. Bu çalışma ortaya konulurken Türkçe yazılmış kaynakların azlığı ve yazarın İspanyolca bilmemesi nedeniyle çoğunlukla ikincil kaynaklara -İngilizce literatüre- başvurulmuştur. Tek bir örnek olay bağlamında internet ve çevrim içi uygulamaların potansiyeline ilişkin bir genelleme yapılamasa da bu uygulamaların nasıl kullanıldığı ve olası faydaları ortaya konulabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sanal Cemaat, Indignados Hareketi, İnternet Teknolojileri, Sosyal Medya Uygulamaları

From Online to Offline: The Spanish Indignados Movement

Öz

Internet and social media applications have now become an integral part of our lives. These technologies are used in almost every field. It is thought that these technologies add a new dimension to political participation and activism at a time when there are discussions about the crisis of democracy. 2011 is a time period in which this assumption was put to the test. Protest movements that emerged in different countries have used the internet and social media applications such as Twitter and Facebook intensively and effectively. Virtual communities formed or organized online have taken to the streets and squares. One of these movements is the Indignados Movement which emerged in Spain. The Spaniards, angered by the austerity policies of the socialist government of the period and the measures taken regarding the economic crisis, took to the streets. The activism that had started online went offline. This study analyzes the Indignados Movement in terms of the use of internet technologies and online applications. First of all, the conceptual framework regarding the democratic potential of these technologies is discussed and then the Indignados Movement is evaluated within this framework. While presenting this study, secondary sources -English literature- are mostly reviewed due to the scarcity of sources written in Turkish and the author's lack of knowledge of Spanish. Although it is not possible to generalize about the potential of the internet and online applications in the context of a single case, how these applications are used and their possible benefits can be revealed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Virtual Community, Indignados Movement, Internet Technologies, Social Media Applications

Kaynakça

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