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Bilecik Bahçelievler Neolitik Çağ Yontmataş Topluluğuna Ait İlk Değerlendirmeler

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 24, 93 - 116, 20.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.26650/anar.2021.24.935202

Öz

Bu makale, Bilecik Arkeoloji Müzesi başkanlığında sürdürülen Bahçelievler yerleşmesinde 2019 ve 2020 yılı kazı sezonları sırasında ele geçen yontmataş buluntulara dair ilk gözlemleri içermektedir. Kuzeybatı Anadolu’nun en eski yerleşmelerinden biri olan ve MÖ 7. binyılda yerleşim görmüş olan Bahçelievler yerleşmesindeki yontmataş buluntu grubu üzerine yapılan ilk değerlendirmeler, yerleşmede büyük oranda yerel çakmaktaşının kullanıldığını, bunun yanı sıra Orta Anadolu’dan ithal edilen obsidyenlerin de var olduğu bir yontmataş topluluğunu işaret etmektedir. Yongalama işleminin büyük oranda avlularda gerçekleşmiş olduğu Bahçelievler’de yontmataş topluluğu, dilgi ve dilgicik üretimine dayanmaktadır. Daha çok yapıların içinden ele geçen alet tipleri arasında yerleşimde tarımın önemli bir yer tuttuğunu gösteren orak dilgi ve dilgiciklerinin yoğunlukta olduğu görülmektedir. Bahçelievler Neolitik Çağ yontmataş topluluğu üzerine yapılan bu ilk çalışma, mermi biçimli çekirdekler ile keski ağızlı ok uçlarının varlığı ve baskı tekniği kullanımını ortaya koymasından dolayı, yerleşimde Kuzeybatı Anadolu’da özellikle de Menteşe ve Barcın Höyük’te yaşayan toplumların MÖ 7. Binyılda benzer teknolojileri kullanıldığını göstermiştir

Destekleyen Kurum

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Proje Numarası

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Teşekkür

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Kaynakça

  • Andrefsky, W. (1998). Lithics: Macroscopic Approaches to Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • Balcı, S. (2011). The Chipped Stone Industry of Aktopraklık C (Bursa): Preliminary Results. Anatolia Antiqua, (XIX), 1-11. google scholar
  • Bostancı, E. Y. (1959). Researches on the Mediterranean Coast of Anatolia a New Palaeolithic Site at Beldibi Near Antalya. Anadolu/Anatolia, (4), 129-178. google scholar
  • Byrd, B. (1989). The Natufian Encampment at Beidha, Late Pleistocene Adaptation in Southern Levant. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press. google scholar
  • Carter, T. ve Milic, M. (2013). The Consumption of Obsidian at Neolithic Çatalhöyük: A Long-Term Perspective. in F. Borrell, J.J. Ibanez and M. Molist (Eds.), Stone Tools in Transition: From Hunter-Gatherers to Farming Societies in the Neat East. 7th Conference on PPN Chipped and Ground Stone google scholar
  • Industries of the Fertile Crescent (pp. 495-508). Barcelona,: Servei de Publications. google scholar
  • Carter, T. ve Shackley, M.S. (2007). Sourcing obsidian from Neolithic Çatalhöyük (Turkey) using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence. Archaeometry, 49(3), 437-454. google scholar
  • Carter, T., Poupeau, G., Bressy, C. ve Pearce, N.J.G. (2006). A New Programme of Obsidian Characterization at Çatalhöyük, Journal of Archaeological Science, (33), 893-909. google scholar
  • Conolly, J. (1999). The Çatalhöyük Flint and Obsidian Industry. Technology and Typology in Context. Oxford: Archaeopress. google scholar
  • Çilingiroğlu, A. ve Abay E. (2005). Ulucak Höyük Excavations: New Results. Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry, 5(3), 5-21. google scholar
  • Çilingiroğlu, Ç. (2009). Of Stamps, Loom Weights and Spindle Whorls: Contextual Evidence on the Function(s) of Neolithic Stamps from Ulucak, Izmir, Turkey. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology, 22(1), 3-27. google scholar
  • Efe, T., Gatsov, I. ve Nedelcheva, P. (2012), Keçiçayırı. A Neolithic Settlement near Seyitgazi, Eskişehir. in M. Özdoğan, N. Başgelen, P. Kuniholm (Eds.), The Neolithic in Turkey. New Excations & New Research. Western Turkey (pp. 227-236). İstanbul: Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları. google scholar
  • Efe, T., Türkteki, M., Sarı, D. ve Fidan, E. (2015). Bilecik İli 2013 Yılı Yüzey Araştırması. 32. Araştırma Sonuçları Toplantısı, (1), 495-504. google scholar
  • Erdoğu, B. (2013). Uğurlu. A Neolithic Settlement on the Aegean Island of Gökçeada. in M. Özdoğan, N. Başgelen and P. Kuniholdm (Eds.), The Neolithic in Turkey. New Excavations& New Research. Northwestern Turkey and İstanbul (pp. 1-33). İstanbul: Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları. google scholar
  • Fidan, E. (2020). Fikirtepe Kültürü ve Öncesi: Bilecik Bahçelievler Kurtarma Kazısı’nın İlk Sonuçları. Arkeoloji ve Sanat Dergisi, (163), 29-38. google scholar
  • Gatsov, I. (2003). The Latest Results from the Technological and Typological Analysis of Chipped Stone Assemblages from Ilıpınar, Pendik, Fikirtepe and Menteşe, NW Turkey. Documenta Praehistorica, (XXX), 153-158. google scholar
  • Gatsov, I. (2009) Prehistoric Chipped Stone Assemblages from Eastern Thrace and the South Marmara Region 7th-5th mill. B.C. BAR International Series, (1904), 1-135. google scholar
  • Gatsov, I. ve Nedelcheva, P. (2007). Chipped Stone Assemblages of Menteşe and the Problem of the Earliest Occupation of Marmara Region. in Kozlowski, Nowak (Eds.), Mesolithic/Neolithic Interactions in the Balkans and in the Middle Danube Basin(pp. 7-20). Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. google scholar
  • Gatsov, I. ve Nedelcheva, P. (2009). Chipped Stone Artifacts from Barcın Höyük, Bibliotheca Historica et Archaeologica Banatica XLIX, Ten Years After: The Neolithic of the Balkans, as Uncovered by the Last Decade of Research, 37-48. google scholar
  • Gatsov I. ve Nedelcheva P. (2011). Neolithic Chipped Stone Assemblages in North Western Anatolia, Turkey. Eurasian Prehistory, 8(1-2), 89-95. google scholar
  • Gatsov, I. ve Nedelcheva, P. (2014). Lithic Production Before and After the 4th Millennium BC on the Lower Danube, in Southeast Bulgaria, the Marmara Region and the Eastern Aegean. in B. Horejs, M. Mehofer (Eds.), Western Anatolia before Troy. Proto-Urbanisation in the 4th Millennium BC? (pp. 413-419). Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. google scholar
  • Gatsov, I. ve P. Nedelcheva (2018). Bullet core pendatns from South Marmara region. in P. Valde-Nowak, K. Sobczyk, M. Nowak ve J. Zealka (Eds.), Multar per Gentes et Multa per Saecula. Amici Mağıstro et google scholar Collegae suo Ioanni Christopho Kozlowski Dedicant (pp. 301-305). Krakow: Alter Publishing House. google scholar
  • Gatsov, I., Kay, M. ve Nedelcheva, P., (2012). Lithic Assemblages from the Prehistoric Settlement at Barcın Höyük, Northwestern Anatolia. New Results. Eurasian Prehistory 9(1-2), 125-133. google scholar
  • Gatsov, I., Nedelcheva, P., Kaczanowska M., Kozlowski, J. K. (2017). Lithic industries and their role in Neolithisation models in Southeast Europe, in A. Reingruber, Z. Tsirtsoni, P. Nedelcheva (Eds), Going West? The Dissemination of Neolithic Innovations between the Bosporus and the Carpathians. Proceedings of the EAA Conference (57-71). London: Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • Gerritsen, F. (2010). Barcın Höyük Excavations, 2008. 29. Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı, 411-420. google scholar
  • Kartal, M. (2002). The Microliths of Öküzini Cave. in I. Yalçınkaya - M. Otte - J. Kozlowski - O. Bar-Yosef (Eds), La Grotte d’Öküzmi: Evolution du Paleolithique final du sudouest de l’Anatolie - Öküzini: Final Paleolithic evolution in southwestAnatolia (pp. 235-252), Liege: Üniversite de Liege. google scholar
  • Kayacan, N. ve Altınbilek-Algül, Ç. (2018). Aşıklı Höyük Obsidian Studies: Production, Use and Diachronic Changes. in M. Özbaşaran, G. Duru ve M. Stiner (Eds.), The Early Settlement at Aşıklı Höyük. Essays in Honor of Ufuk Esin (pp. 363-382), İstanbul: Ege Yayınları. google scholar
  • Korobkova, G. (1996) The Blades with “Mirror-like” polishing: Myth or reality. in S.K. Kozlowski ve H. G. K. Gebel (Eds.), Neolithic Chipped Stone Industries ofthe Fertile Crescent, and Their Contemporaries in Adjacent Regions. Proceedings of the second workshop on PPN Chipped Lithic Indusries (pp. 227-232), Berlin: Institute of Archaeology. google scholar
  • Korobkova, G. (1999). The blade with “Mirror-like polishing”: The myth or the reality. in Kozlowski, S. (Eds.), The Eastern Wing of the Fertile Crescent: Late Prehistory of Greater Mesopotamian Lithic Industries (pp. 18-20), Oxford: Archaepress. google scholar
  • Odell, G.H. (2000). Stone Tool Research at the End of the Millenium Procurement and Technology Journal ofArchaeological Research 8 (4): 269-331. google scholar
  • Roodenberg, J. ve Thissen, L. (Ed.). (2001). The Ilıpınar Excavations II. Leiden-Istanbul: PIHANS. google scholar
  • Roodenberg, J., Jacobs, A. van As, L. ve Wijnen, M.-H. (2003). Early settlement in the plain of Yenişehir (NW Anatolia). The basal occupation layers at Menteşe. Anatolica, (29),17-59. google scholar Taşkıran, H. ve Aksu, S. E., (2009). Suluin Mağarası 2007 Yılı Kazısı. 30. Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı, (2), 89-100. google scholar
  • Taşkıran, H. ve Aksu, S.E. (2011) Suluin Mağarası Kazısı 2008. 32. Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı, (3), 36-45. google scholar
  • Taşkıran, H., Aksu, S.E., Kösem, M.B. ve Özçelik, K.. (2011). Suluin Mağarası Kazısı 2009. 32. Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı, (4), 427-439. google scholar
  • Taşkıran, Z. (2013). Keski Ağızlı/Yatay Ok Uçları. Anadolu/Anatolia, ( 39), 1-12. google scholar
  • Unger-Hamilton, R. (1988). Method in Microwear Analysis, Prehistoric Sickles and Other Stone Tools from Arjoune, Syria. Oxford: BAR Publishing. google scholar
  • Yalçınkaya, I., Otte, M., Taşkıran H., Özçelik K., Atıcı, A. L., Kösem, M. B.,. Erek, C. M ve Kartal M. (2000). 1998 Yılı Karain Kazısı. 21. Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı, (1), 15-28. google scholar
  • Yalçınkaya, I., Taşkıran, H., Özçelik, K.ve Kösem, M. B. (2011). 2009 Yılı Karain Mağarası Kazıları. 32. Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı, (3), 22-35. google scholar
  • Yerkes, R.W. (1983). Microwear, Microdrills and Missipian Craft Specialization. American Antiquity, (48), 499-518 google scholar

Preliminary Evaluations of the Bilecik Bahçelievler Neolithic Chipped Stone Assemblage

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 24, 93 - 116, 20.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.26650/anar.2021.24.935202

Öz

This paper details the preliminary results of the chipped stone artifacts from the Bahçelievler settlement, uncovered during the 2019 and 2020 excavation seasons, which were directed by the Bilecik Archaeology Museum. The first evaluations of the lithic assemblage from Bahçelievler, one of the earliest sites in Northwest Anatolia, which was settled during the 7th millennium BC, show that local flint was used in the settlement to a greater extent than obsidian that was imported from Central Anatolia. At Bahçelievler, where the knapping was mostly carried out in courtyards, the lithic chipped stone assemblage is based on the production of blades and bladelets. Among the main tool types recovered from the buildings, sickle blades and bladelets are common, which indicates that agriculture had an important place in the life and economy of the settlement. This preliminary study of the Bahçelievler Neolithic chipped stone assemblage reveals the presence of bullet-shaped cores and transverse arrowheads and the use of a pressure technique, suggesting that the communities living in Northwest Anatolia, especially Menteşe and Barcın Höyük, used similar technologies in the 7th Millennium BC.

Proje Numarası

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Kaynakça

  • Andrefsky, W. (1998). Lithics: Macroscopic Approaches to Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • Balcı, S. (2011). The Chipped Stone Industry of Aktopraklık C (Bursa): Preliminary Results. Anatolia Antiqua, (XIX), 1-11. google scholar
  • Bostancı, E. Y. (1959). Researches on the Mediterranean Coast of Anatolia a New Palaeolithic Site at Beldibi Near Antalya. Anadolu/Anatolia, (4), 129-178. google scholar
  • Byrd, B. (1989). The Natufian Encampment at Beidha, Late Pleistocene Adaptation in Southern Levant. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press. google scholar
  • Carter, T. ve Milic, M. (2013). The Consumption of Obsidian at Neolithic Çatalhöyük: A Long-Term Perspective. in F. Borrell, J.J. Ibanez and M. Molist (Eds.), Stone Tools in Transition: From Hunter-Gatherers to Farming Societies in the Neat East. 7th Conference on PPN Chipped and Ground Stone google scholar
  • Industries of the Fertile Crescent (pp. 495-508). Barcelona,: Servei de Publications. google scholar
  • Carter, T. ve Shackley, M.S. (2007). Sourcing obsidian from Neolithic Çatalhöyük (Turkey) using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence. Archaeometry, 49(3), 437-454. google scholar
  • Carter, T., Poupeau, G., Bressy, C. ve Pearce, N.J.G. (2006). A New Programme of Obsidian Characterization at Çatalhöyük, Journal of Archaeological Science, (33), 893-909. google scholar
  • Conolly, J. (1999). The Çatalhöyük Flint and Obsidian Industry. Technology and Typology in Context. Oxford: Archaeopress. google scholar
  • Çilingiroğlu, A. ve Abay E. (2005). Ulucak Höyük Excavations: New Results. Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry, 5(3), 5-21. google scholar
  • Çilingiroğlu, Ç. (2009). Of Stamps, Loom Weights and Spindle Whorls: Contextual Evidence on the Function(s) of Neolithic Stamps from Ulucak, Izmir, Turkey. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology, 22(1), 3-27. google scholar
  • Efe, T., Gatsov, I. ve Nedelcheva, P. (2012), Keçiçayırı. A Neolithic Settlement near Seyitgazi, Eskişehir. in M. Özdoğan, N. Başgelen, P. Kuniholm (Eds.), The Neolithic in Turkey. New Excations & New Research. Western Turkey (pp. 227-236). İstanbul: Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları. google scholar
  • Efe, T., Türkteki, M., Sarı, D. ve Fidan, E. (2015). Bilecik İli 2013 Yılı Yüzey Araştırması. 32. Araştırma Sonuçları Toplantısı, (1), 495-504. google scholar
  • Erdoğu, B. (2013). Uğurlu. A Neolithic Settlement on the Aegean Island of Gökçeada. in M. Özdoğan, N. Başgelen and P. Kuniholdm (Eds.), The Neolithic in Turkey. New Excavations& New Research. Northwestern Turkey and İstanbul (pp. 1-33). İstanbul: Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları. google scholar
  • Fidan, E. (2020). Fikirtepe Kültürü ve Öncesi: Bilecik Bahçelievler Kurtarma Kazısı’nın İlk Sonuçları. Arkeoloji ve Sanat Dergisi, (163), 29-38. google scholar
  • Gatsov, I. (2003). The Latest Results from the Technological and Typological Analysis of Chipped Stone Assemblages from Ilıpınar, Pendik, Fikirtepe and Menteşe, NW Turkey. Documenta Praehistorica, (XXX), 153-158. google scholar
  • Gatsov, I. (2009) Prehistoric Chipped Stone Assemblages from Eastern Thrace and the South Marmara Region 7th-5th mill. B.C. BAR International Series, (1904), 1-135. google scholar
  • Gatsov, I. ve Nedelcheva, P. (2007). Chipped Stone Assemblages of Menteşe and the Problem of the Earliest Occupation of Marmara Region. in Kozlowski, Nowak (Eds.), Mesolithic/Neolithic Interactions in the Balkans and in the Middle Danube Basin(pp. 7-20). Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. google scholar
  • Gatsov, I. ve Nedelcheva, P. (2009). Chipped Stone Artifacts from Barcın Höyük, Bibliotheca Historica et Archaeologica Banatica XLIX, Ten Years After: The Neolithic of the Balkans, as Uncovered by the Last Decade of Research, 37-48. google scholar
  • Gatsov I. ve Nedelcheva P. (2011). Neolithic Chipped Stone Assemblages in North Western Anatolia, Turkey. Eurasian Prehistory, 8(1-2), 89-95. google scholar
  • Gatsov, I. ve Nedelcheva, P. (2014). Lithic Production Before and After the 4th Millennium BC on the Lower Danube, in Southeast Bulgaria, the Marmara Region and the Eastern Aegean. in B. Horejs, M. Mehofer (Eds.), Western Anatolia before Troy. Proto-Urbanisation in the 4th Millennium BC? (pp. 413-419). Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. google scholar
  • Gatsov, I. ve P. Nedelcheva (2018). Bullet core pendatns from South Marmara region. in P. Valde-Nowak, K. Sobczyk, M. Nowak ve J. Zealka (Eds.), Multar per Gentes et Multa per Saecula. Amici Mağıstro et google scholar Collegae suo Ioanni Christopho Kozlowski Dedicant (pp. 301-305). Krakow: Alter Publishing House. google scholar
  • Gatsov, I., Kay, M. ve Nedelcheva, P., (2012). Lithic Assemblages from the Prehistoric Settlement at Barcın Höyük, Northwestern Anatolia. New Results. Eurasian Prehistory 9(1-2), 125-133. google scholar
  • Gatsov, I., Nedelcheva, P., Kaczanowska M., Kozlowski, J. K. (2017). Lithic industries and their role in Neolithisation models in Southeast Europe, in A. Reingruber, Z. Tsirtsoni, P. Nedelcheva (Eds), Going West? The Dissemination of Neolithic Innovations between the Bosporus and the Carpathians. Proceedings of the EAA Conference (57-71). London: Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • Gerritsen, F. (2010). Barcın Höyük Excavations, 2008. 29. Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı, 411-420. google scholar
  • Kartal, M. (2002). The Microliths of Öküzini Cave. in I. Yalçınkaya - M. Otte - J. Kozlowski - O. Bar-Yosef (Eds), La Grotte d’Öküzmi: Evolution du Paleolithique final du sudouest de l’Anatolie - Öküzini: Final Paleolithic evolution in southwestAnatolia (pp. 235-252), Liege: Üniversite de Liege. google scholar
  • Kayacan, N. ve Altınbilek-Algül, Ç. (2018). Aşıklı Höyük Obsidian Studies: Production, Use and Diachronic Changes. in M. Özbaşaran, G. Duru ve M. Stiner (Eds.), The Early Settlement at Aşıklı Höyük. Essays in Honor of Ufuk Esin (pp. 363-382), İstanbul: Ege Yayınları. google scholar
  • Korobkova, G. (1996) The Blades with “Mirror-like” polishing: Myth or reality. in S.K. Kozlowski ve H. G. K. Gebel (Eds.), Neolithic Chipped Stone Industries ofthe Fertile Crescent, and Their Contemporaries in Adjacent Regions. Proceedings of the second workshop on PPN Chipped Lithic Indusries (pp. 227-232), Berlin: Institute of Archaeology. google scholar
  • Korobkova, G. (1999). The blade with “Mirror-like polishing”: The myth or the reality. in Kozlowski, S. (Eds.), The Eastern Wing of the Fertile Crescent: Late Prehistory of Greater Mesopotamian Lithic Industries (pp. 18-20), Oxford: Archaepress. google scholar
  • Odell, G.H. (2000). Stone Tool Research at the End of the Millenium Procurement and Technology Journal ofArchaeological Research 8 (4): 269-331. google scholar
  • Roodenberg, J. ve Thissen, L. (Ed.). (2001). The Ilıpınar Excavations II. Leiden-Istanbul: PIHANS. google scholar
  • Roodenberg, J., Jacobs, A. van As, L. ve Wijnen, M.-H. (2003). Early settlement in the plain of Yenişehir (NW Anatolia). The basal occupation layers at Menteşe. Anatolica, (29),17-59. google scholar Taşkıran, H. ve Aksu, S. E., (2009). Suluin Mağarası 2007 Yılı Kazısı. 30. Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı, (2), 89-100. google scholar
  • Taşkıran, H. ve Aksu, S.E. (2011) Suluin Mağarası Kazısı 2008. 32. Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı, (3), 36-45. google scholar
  • Taşkıran, H., Aksu, S.E., Kösem, M.B. ve Özçelik, K.. (2011). Suluin Mağarası Kazısı 2009. 32. Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı, (4), 427-439. google scholar
  • Taşkıran, Z. (2013). Keski Ağızlı/Yatay Ok Uçları. Anadolu/Anatolia, ( 39), 1-12. google scholar
  • Unger-Hamilton, R. (1988). Method in Microwear Analysis, Prehistoric Sickles and Other Stone Tools from Arjoune, Syria. Oxford: BAR Publishing. google scholar
  • Yalçınkaya, I., Otte, M., Taşkıran H., Özçelik K., Atıcı, A. L., Kösem, M. B.,. Erek, C. M ve Kartal M. (2000). 1998 Yılı Karain Kazısı. 21. Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı, (1), 15-28. google scholar
  • Yalçınkaya, I., Taşkıran, H., Özçelik, K.ve Kösem, M. B. (2011). 2009 Yılı Karain Mağarası Kazıları. 32. Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı, (3), 22-35. google scholar
  • Yerkes, R.W. (1983). Microwear, Microdrills and Missipian Craft Specialization. American Antiquity, (48), 499-518 google scholar
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Arkeoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Neyir Kolankaya Bostancı 0000-0002-3798-9444

Erkan Fidan 0000-0002-6777-927X

Proje Numarası -
Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Eylül 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Sayı: 24

Kaynak Göster

APA Kolankaya Bostancı, N., & Fidan, E. (2021). Bilecik Bahçelievler Neolitik Çağ Yontmataş Topluluğuna Ait İlk Değerlendirmeler. Anadolu Araştırmaları(24), 93-116. https://doi.org/10.26650/anar.2021.24.935202

Since 1955

Anadolu Araştırmaları – Anatolian Research  https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iuanadoluhttps://iupress.istanbul.edu.tr/tr/journal/anar/home