Jeomorfolojik Yaklaşıma Bağlı Heyelan Risk Değerlendirmesi: Kelkit Çayı Vadisi Aşağı Çığırı Örneği

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 44, 61 - 80, 08.07.2022

Mehmet Emin Cihangir

https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2022-971673

Öz

Kelkit Çayı Vadisinin aşağı çığırını oluşturan çalışma alanında keskin litolojik geçişler, yüksek topografik özellikler, klimatik ve tektonik özellikler bölgede dönemsel heyelanlanmaya neden olmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında dönemsel aktiviteye bağlı gelişen heyelanların tehlike ve riskleri jeomorfolojik bir yaklaşımla değerlendirilmiştir. Bu bakımdan heyelan gelişimi Türkiye ortalamasının üzerindeki çalışma alanı için oluşabilecek kayıpların azaltılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma alanında 462 heyelanın belirli topografik özelliklere ve litolojiye göre dağılım gösterdikleri belirlenmiştir. Heyelanların, vadi kuzeyinin üst kesimlerinde ve paleo-heyelan topoğrafyasında ani kar erimesiyle, güneyde ise yağışlarla tetiklendiği görülmüştür. Heyelan aktivitesi yüksek alanların, morfolojik evrimleri ve mekânsal sürekliliği 1958-2021 yılları arasında çok yüksek-yüksek çözünürlüklü uydu görüntülerinden (1 m ve 5 m) ve stereo hava fotolarından (1: 16,000-1: 35,000 ölçekli) yorumlanmıştır. CBS ve UA araçlarıyla belirlenen çok zamanlı heyelan envanteri ile aktivitenin zamansal ve mekânsal farklılık gösterdiği görülmüştür. Aktivitenin yüksek ve risk elemanlarının olduğu dört bölgede tehlike, fiziksel, sosyal, sistemik ve ekonomik zarar görebilirliğe göre riskler değerlendirilmiştir. Heyelan tehlikesinin arttığı dönemlerde nüfus ve yerleşmenin yoğunlaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Koyulhisarın paleo heyelanlarının kuzeybatısında ve güneyindeki kısımlarda, Sugözü, Gökdere ve Boyalı heyelanlarının ise birikim zonuna yakın yerlerde risk elemanlarının ve dolayısıyla risk seviyesinin yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca Gökdere ve Boyalı heyelanlarının yeni bir aktivitede Kelkit Çayı’na set oluşturacağı tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Heyelan, Tehlike, Risk

Teşekkür

Tolga Görüm’e yol göstericiliğinden ve yardımlarından dolayı yazar teşekkürlerini sunar.

Landslide Risk Assessment Using a Geomorphological Approach: A Case Study of the Kelkit River Valley Downstream

Öz

Sharp lithological transitions, high topographic features, and climatic and tectonic features cause periodic landslides downstream of the Kelkit Creek Valley. Thus, the hazards and risks of landslides in the area were evaluated using a geomorphological approach to reduce the losses that may occur therein. It was determined that 462 landslides in the study area were distributed according to certain topographic features and lithologies. The landslides were triggered by rapid snow melting in the upper parts of the valley in the north and by paleo-landslide topography and precipitation in the south. The morphological evolution and spatial persistence of areas with high landslide activity were interpreted from very-high-resolution to high-resolution satellite images (1and 5 m) and stereo aerial photos (1:16,000–1:35,000 scale) between 1958 and 2021. The landslide activities showed temporal and spatial differences with multitemporary landslide inventories determined using geographic information system and uncertainty analysis tools. Risks were evaluated according to the physical, social, systemic, and economic vulnerabilities in four regions with high activity and elements of risk. It was determined that the population and settlement densified during periods when landslide hazards increased. The risk elements and therefore the risk levels were high in the northwestern and southern parts of Koyulhisar and in the accumulation zone of the Sugozu, Gokdere, and Boyalı landslides.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hazard, Danger, Risk

Kaynakça

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