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Nietzsche on the Value of Life and Truth

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 52, 19 - 39, 18.07.2020

Öz

The present paper attempts to explore and problematize some of the prominent sides of Nietzsche’s understanding of truth from a critical point of view. Nietzsche’s conception of truth is modeled on the parameters of scientific relations to the world. Truth, on this assumption, is the function of objectifying reason and is grounded in the agreement between facts and propositions. When Nietzsche questions the value of truth and downplays it, he actually does that from the perspective of thus understood truth. Nietzsche also believes that the supremacy of truth in life leads to nihilism as is very much the case in the modern world and proposes Dionysian art as a remedy against truth. This reductive view of truth, I argue, proves incapable of doing justice to the multi-faceted function of truth in all spheres of human life including science and art. A more fundamental view of truth is required not only to ground the workings of objectifying reason but also to defend the value of art. Truth is actually embedded, intrinsic and operative in the immediate context of human existence (what Heidegger calls “being-in-the-world”) and derives all its uses from this living context. This meaningful context as the realm of truth is the beginning of human being. It is the ground in which the artist stands and produces. It is thus what lends value and meaning to the work of art. It is likewise what makes it possible for scientific propositions to agree with facts. 

Kaynakça

  • Cohen, J. “Nietzsche’s Fling with Positivism” in Nietzsche, Epistemology and Philosophy of Science, ed. B. Babich, Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, vol. 204 (Dordrecht: Springer, 1999).
  • --- “Nietzsche’s Musical Conception of Time” in Nietzsche on Time and History, ed. M. Dries (De Gruyter 2008).
  • Clark, M. Nietzsche on Truth and Philosophy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990).
  • De Chirico, Giorgio. “Meditations of a Painter”, available https://www.lexandermag.org/giorgio-de-chirico-two-essays-on-metaphysical-art-and-selected-poetry/, date of access 13.07. 2017.
  • Hatab, Lawrence J. Nietzsche’s Life Sentence (London: Routledge, 2005).
  • Heidegger, M. “Nietzsche’s Word: “God is Dead”” in Off the Beaten Track, trans. J. Young and K. Haynes (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002).
  • Nadeem, J. Z. Hussein. “Nietzsche’s Positivism”, European Journal of Philosophy, 12:3, pp. 326-368. (Oxford, Blackwell publishing, 2004).
  • Nietzsche, F. The Birth of Tragedy and Other Writings (BTR), ed. Raymond Geuss and Ronald Speirs, trans. Ronald Speirs (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999).
  • --- “On the Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense” in Philosophy and Truth: Selections from Nietzsche’s Notebooks of the Early 1870’s (TL), ed. and trans. D. Breazeale (New Jersey: Humanities Press, 1979).
  • --- On the Uses and Disadvantages of History for Life, (UM II) in the Untimely Meditations (UM), trans. R. J. Hollingdale, ed. D. Breazeale (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997).
  • --- The Gay Science (GS), trans. W. Kaufmann (New York: Vintage Books, 1974).
  • --- Thus Spoke Zarathustra (TSZ), ed. Adrian Del Caro and Robert Pippin, trans. Adrian Del Caro (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006).
  • --- Beyond Good and Evil (BGE), ed. Rolf-Peter Horstmann and Judith Norman, trans. Judith Norman (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002).
  • --- On the Geneology of Morality (GM), ed. Keith Ansell-Pearson, trans. Carol Diethe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007).
  • --- Twilight of the Idols (TI), in The Portable Nietzsche, ed. and trans. W. Kaufmann, (New York: Penguin Books, 1968).
  • --- The Anti-Christ, Ecce Homo, Twilight of the Idols and the Other Writings (EH), ed. Aaron Ridley and Judith Norman, trans. Judith Norman (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005).
  • --- The Will to Power (WP), trans. W. Kaufmann and R. J. Hollingdale (New York: Vintage Books, 1968).
  • --- Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks, trans. M. Cowan (Washington: Regnery Publishing, 1962).
  • Schiller, F. On the Aesthetic Education of Man, trans. Reginald Snell (New York: Dover, 2012).
  • Weber, Max. “Science as a Vocation”, in From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology, trans. H. H. Geerth and C. Wright Mills (New York: Oxford University Press, 1958).

Nietzsche’de Hayatın Değeri ve Hakikat Üzerine

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 52, 19 - 39, 18.07.2020

Öz

Mevcut yazı Nietzsche’nin hakikat anlayışının kimi önde gelen veçhelerini eleştirel bir bakış açısından incelemeye ve problematize etmeye teşebbüs etmektedir. Nietzsche’nin hakikat telakkisi dünya ile bilimsel bir ilişkinin parametreleri üzerine bina edilmiştir. Bu kabule göre, hakikat nesneleştirici aklın bir işlevidir ve olgular ile önermeler arasındaki mutabakatta temellenmektedir. Nietzsche hakikatin değerini sorguladığında ve onu ehemmiyetsiz bir şey saydığında, bunu gerçekte böyle bir hakikat telakkisinin bakış açısından hareketle yapar. Nietzsche, modern dünyadaki duruma bakarak, hakikatin hakimiyetinin nihilizme yol açtığına da inanır ve buna karşı Dionizyen sanatı deva olarak sunar. Bu indirgeyici hakikat görüşünün hakikatin, bilim ve sanat da dahil, insan hayatının tüm düzlemlerindeki çok-boyutlu işlevine hakkını verme noktasında açık bir şekilde yetersiz olduğunuileri sürüyorum. Yalnızca nesneleştirici aklın ne şekilde çalıştığını temellendirmek için değil, ama aynı zamanda sanatın değerini de savunmak için daha esaslı bir hakikat görüşüne ihtiyaç vardır. Hakikat gerçekte insan varoluşunun dolaysız bağlamına (Heidegger’in isimlendirmesiyle “dünya-da-olma”) içkindir ve o burada iş başındadır, tüm işlevlerini de bu yaşayan bağlamdan alır. Hakikatin alanı olarak bu manidar bağlam insanın başlangıç noktasıdır. Burası sanatçının içinde durduğu ve ürettiği zemindir. Şu halde, sanat eserine anlam ve değerini veren zemindir o. Aynı şekilde bilimin önermelerinin olgulara tekabül etmesini de o mümkün kılar.

Kaynakça

  • Cohen, J. “Nietzsche’s Fling with Positivism” in Nietzsche, Epistemology and Philosophy of Science, ed. B. Babich, Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, vol. 204 (Dordrecht: Springer, 1999).
  • --- “Nietzsche’s Musical Conception of Time” in Nietzsche on Time and History, ed. M. Dries (De Gruyter 2008).
  • Clark, M. Nietzsche on Truth and Philosophy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990).
  • De Chirico, Giorgio. “Meditations of a Painter”, available https://www.lexandermag.org/giorgio-de-chirico-two-essays-on-metaphysical-art-and-selected-poetry/, date of access 13.07. 2017.
  • Hatab, Lawrence J. Nietzsche’s Life Sentence (London: Routledge, 2005).
  • Heidegger, M. “Nietzsche’s Word: “God is Dead”” in Off the Beaten Track, trans. J. Young and K. Haynes (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002).
  • Nadeem, J. Z. Hussein. “Nietzsche’s Positivism”, European Journal of Philosophy, 12:3, pp. 326-368. (Oxford, Blackwell publishing, 2004).
  • Nietzsche, F. The Birth of Tragedy and Other Writings (BTR), ed. Raymond Geuss and Ronald Speirs, trans. Ronald Speirs (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999).
  • --- “On the Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense” in Philosophy and Truth: Selections from Nietzsche’s Notebooks of the Early 1870’s (TL), ed. and trans. D. Breazeale (New Jersey: Humanities Press, 1979).
  • --- On the Uses and Disadvantages of History for Life, (UM II) in the Untimely Meditations (UM), trans. R. J. Hollingdale, ed. D. Breazeale (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997).
  • --- The Gay Science (GS), trans. W. Kaufmann (New York: Vintage Books, 1974).
  • --- Thus Spoke Zarathustra (TSZ), ed. Adrian Del Caro and Robert Pippin, trans. Adrian Del Caro (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006).
  • --- Beyond Good and Evil (BGE), ed. Rolf-Peter Horstmann and Judith Norman, trans. Judith Norman (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002).
  • --- On the Geneology of Morality (GM), ed. Keith Ansell-Pearson, trans. Carol Diethe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007).
  • --- Twilight of the Idols (TI), in The Portable Nietzsche, ed. and trans. W. Kaufmann, (New York: Penguin Books, 1968).
  • --- The Anti-Christ, Ecce Homo, Twilight of the Idols and the Other Writings (EH), ed. Aaron Ridley and Judith Norman, trans. Judith Norman (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005).
  • --- The Will to Power (WP), trans. W. Kaufmann and R. J. Hollingdale (New York: Vintage Books, 1968).
  • --- Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks, trans. M. Cowan (Washington: Regnery Publishing, 1962).
  • Schiller, F. On the Aesthetic Education of Man, trans. Reginald Snell (New York: Dover, 2012).
  • Weber, Max. “Science as a Vocation”, in From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology, trans. H. H. Geerth and C. Wright Mills (New York: Oxford University Press, 1958).
Toplam 20 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Felsefe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Musa Duman 0000-0001-8705-8122

Yayımlanma Tarihi 18 Temmuz 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Sayı: 52

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Duman, Musa. “Nietzsche on the Value of Life and Truth”. Felsefe Arkivi, sy. 52 (Temmuz 2020): 19-39.