Küresel İdare Hukuku Üzerine Süregelen Tartışmalar: Bir Literatür İncelemesi

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 21, 41 - 65, 10.07.2023

Kamala Valiyeva , Yucel Ogurlu , Nurhan Yaprak

https://doi.org/10.26650/ihid.21.003

Öz

Küresel İdare Hukuku (KİH) çalışmaları, geleneksel devlet merkezli yönetim ve idare hukuku yaklaşımına karşı artan muhalefetten ortaya çıkmıştır. KİH perspektifine göre, küresel düzenleyici rejimlerin hızla çoğaldığı bir ortamda, ulusdevletler kaçınılmaz olarak mevcut ulusal yasal alanın, devlet kurumlarının ve idarenin dar veya içe dönük yapısını daha fazla dışa dönük bir yapıya dönüştürecektir. Böyle bir yaklaşım, devlet merkezli paradigmanın yerine küreselci bir modellin geçeceğini öngörmektedir. Dahası, bu model içinde devlet egemenliğinin sınırlanmasıyla birlikte küresel düzenleyici rejimler aracılığıyla devletlerin küresel erişim kapasitesinin artacağı savunulmaktadır. Bu çerçevede mevcut kapsamlı literatürün incelenmesine dayanan makale, ortaya çıkan KİH çalışmalarının ana bağlamını, klasik hukuk yaklaşımları ve ilkeleri açısından yarattığı tartışmaları ve temel sorunları tespit etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın ilk bölümünde KİH projesinin ortaya çıkışı, “devlet merkezli yönetimden” “ulusüstü” ya da “ulusötesi” bir yönetime evirilen değişim ve bu kapsamda ortaya çıkan tartışmalar ele alınacaktır. Bu noktada, ayrıca, “dünya devleti” ile “dünya hükümeti” üzerine gelişen tartışmaların, ulus-devletlerin ve egemen yetkilerini sınırlamaya yönelik bir tuzak olma potansiyeli irdelenecektir. KİH çalışmalarının devlet ve egemenlik kavramlarının dönüşümü üzerindeki etkisinin neler olduğu tartışmalarının yanı sıra küresel idare hukuku bağlamında ortaya çıkan meşruiyet sorunu irdelenecektir. Makalenin ikinci bölümü, KİH üzerine gelişen akademik çalışmaların temel sorunlarının ve teorik kaygılarının neler olduğunun belirlenmesine odaklanacaktır. Bu doğrultuda makale, öncelikle küresel yönetişimin gelişmesiyle yeni bir boyut kazanan “ulusal idare hukuku” ile “uluslararası idare hukuku” ikiliğini inceleyecektir. Ardından KİH projesini tetikleyen ana etkenler tespit edilecektir. Bu çerçevede “küresel idare” ve “küresel idari alan”, “küresel hukuk” ve “küresel hukuk alanı” gibi kavramlar ana hatlarıyla açıklanacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Küresel idare hukuku, Küresel hukuk, Küresel idare, Küresel hukuk alanı, Yönetişim, Egemenlik, Global administrative law, Global law, Global administration, Global legal space, Governance, sovereignty

Current Discussions on the Emerging Global Administrative Law: A Literature Review

Öz

Global administrative law (GAL) studies have emerged from the growing opposition to the traditional state-centered administration and administrative legal approach. According to the GAL perspective, nation-states will inevitably transform the narrow or inward-oriented structure of the existing national legal space, state institutions, and administration into a more outward-looking construction under the circumstances of the proliferating global regulatory regimes. Such an approach envisions the replacement of the state-centered paradigm with a globalist model that will allow states to ensure their global reach. Against this backdrop, the current paper aims to determine the prime context of the emerging GAL studies, the debates they have generated in terms of classical legal approaches and principles, and the main issues they attempt to address as a nascent discipline based upon an examination of the extensive current literature. The first section of the study will discuss the emergence of the GAL project within the scope of the evolving shift from a state-centered administration to a supra-national or transnational administration. In this sense, this section will appraise the quintessence of the dichotomy between world state and world government. Furthermore, this section of the paper will scrutinize the potential such discussions have to constitute a trap for nation-states by constraining their sovereign prerogatives. In addition to examining the consequences GAL studies have had on transforming the conventional concepts of state and sovereignty, this paper will also dissect the issue of legitimacy in the context of global administrative law. The second section of the paper will identify the main issues and theoretical concerns of the evolving scholarship on GAL. In so doing, the paper will examine the dichotomy between national administrative law and international administrative law, which acquires a new dimension alongside the development of global governance. Subsequently, the article will elucidate upon the main factors that triggered the GAL project and will briefly outline within this framework, the concepts of global administration, global administrative space, global law, and global legal space.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Global administrative law, Global law, Global administration, Global legal space, Governance, sovereignty

Kaynakça

• Andrew L, inklater & Suganami H, The English School of International Relations: A Contemporary Reassessment (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press 2009) google scholar
• Buzan B, ‘The English School: An Underexploited Resource in IR’ (2001) 27 Review of International Studies 471-488 google scholar
• Battini S, ‘Administrative Law Beyond the State’ in Sabino Cassese, Stefano Battini, Elisa D’Alterio, et al. (eds), Global Administrative Law: An Italian Perspective (European University Institute, Florence 2012) 11-18 google scholar
• Battini S, ‘The proliferation of global regulatory regimes’ in Sabino Cassese (ed), Research Handbook on Global Administrative Law (Edward Elgar Publishing, Massachusetts 2016) 45-64 google scholar
• Benvenisti E, The Law of Global Governance (The Hague, Hague Academy of International Law 2014) google scholar
• Benvenisti E, ‘The future of sovereignty: the nation-state in the global governance space’ in Sabino Cassese (ed), Research Handbook on Global Administrative Law (Edward Elgar Publishing, Massachusetts 2016) 483-501 google scholar
• Boutros-Ghali B, An Agenda for Peace. Preventive Diplomacy, Peacemaking and Peacekeeping (New York, United Nations l992) google scholar
• Chiti E, ‘Bringing global law home’ in Sabino Cassese (ed), Research Handbook on Global Administrative Law (Edward Elgar Publishing, Massachusetts 2016) 439-457 google scholar
• Chiti E, & Giorgio M, ‘Introduction: The Relationships Between Global Administrative Law and EU Administrative Law’ in Edoardo Chiti & Bernardo Giorgio Mattarella (eds), Global Administrative Law and EU Administrative Law. Relationships, Legal Issues and Comparison (Springer-Verlag, Berlin 2011) 1-10 google scholar
• Chiti E, ‘EU and Global Administrative Organizations’ in Edoardo Chiti & Bernardo Giorgio Mattarella (eds), Global Administrative Law and EU Administrative Law. Relationships, Legal Issues and Comparison (Springer-Verlag, Berlin 2011) 13-40 google scholar
• Cassese S, ‘Administrative Law Without the State? The Challenge of Global Regulation’ (2005) 37 International Law and Politics 663-694 google scholar
• Cassese S, Global Administrative Law Cases and Materials (University of Rome “La Sapienza” Public Law Institute 2006) google scholar
• Cassese S, ‘What is Global Administrative Law and Why Study It?’ in Sabino Cassese, Stefano Battini, Elisa D’Alterio, et al. (eds), Global Administrative Law: An Italian Perspective (European University Institute, Florence 2012) 1-24 google scholar
• Cassese S, ‘Governing the World’ in Sabino Cassese (ed), Research Handbook on Global Administrative Law (Edward Elgar Publishing, Massachusetts 2016) google scholar
• Cassese S, & d’Alterio E, ‘Introduction: the development of Global Administrative Law’ in Sabino Cassese (ed), Research Handbook on Global Administrative Law (Edward Elgar Publishing, Massachusetts 2016) google scholar
• Casini L (a), ‘Global Administrative Law Scholarship’ in Sabino Cassese (ed), Research Handbook on Global Administrative Law (Edward Elgar Publishing, Massachusetts 2016) google scholar
• Casini L (b), ‘The Expansion of the Material Scope of Global Law’ in Sabino Cassese (ed), Research Handbook on Global Administrative Law (Edward Elgar Publishing, Massachusetts 2016) google scholar
• Copeland Dale, ‘A Realist critique of the English School’ 29 Review of International Studies (2003) 427-441 google scholar
• Corry O, ‘What is a (global) polity?’ (2010) 36 Review of International Studies 157-180 google scholar
• Craig P, ‘Global networks and shared administration’ in Sabino Cassese (ed), Research Handbook on Global Administrative Law (Edward Elgar Publishing, Massachusetts 2016) 153-174 google scholar
• Craig P, UK, EU and Global Administrative Law. Foundations and Challenges (Cambridge University Press 2015) google scholar
• Dann P, ‘The Global Administrative Law of development cooperation’ in Sabino Cassese (ed), Research Handbook on Global Administrative Law (Edward Elgar Publishing, Massachusetts 2016) 415-435 google scholar
• Kingsbury B, ‘The Administrative Law Frontier in Global Governance’ (2005) 99 Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law) 143-153 google scholar
• Kingsbury B, Krisch N, Stewart B, ‘Foreword: Global Governance as Administration: National and Transnational Approaches to Global Administrative Law’ (2005) 68 Law and Contemporary Problems 1-13 google scholar
• Kingsbury B, Krisch N, Stewart B, ‘The Emergence of Global Administrative Law’ (2005) 68 Law and Contemporary Problems 15-61 google scholar
• Kingsbury B, ‘The Concept of ‘Law’ in Global Administrative Law’ (2009) 20 The European Journal of International Law 23-57 google scholar
• Koch C, ‘Introduction: Globalization of Administrative and Regulatory Practice’ (2002) 54 Administrative Law Review 409-414 google scholar
• Krisch N, ‘The Pluralism of Global Administrative Law’ (2006) 17 The European Journal of International Law 247-278 google scholar
• Lindseth P, ‘Always Embedded Administration: The Historical Evolution of Administrative Justice as an Aspect of Modern Governance’ in Christian Joerges, Bo Strâth and Peter Wagner (eds), The Economy as a Polity: The Political Constitution of Contemporary Capitalism (Routledge, London 2020) 306-354 google scholar
• Mendes J, ‘Administrative Law Beyond the State: Participation at the Intersection of Legal Systems’ in Edoardo Chiti & Bernardo Giorgio Mattarella (eds), Global Administrative Law and EU Administrative Law. Relationships, Legal Issues and Comparison (Springer-Verlag, Berlin 2011) 111-132 google scholar
• Möllers C, ‘Constitutional foundations of global administration’ in Sabino Cassese (ed), Research Handbook on Global Administrative Law (Edward Elgar Publishing, Massachusetts 2016) 107-130 google scholar
• Murthy C, Theories of World Governance. A Study in The History of Ideas (The Catholic University of America Press, Washington 1999) google scholar
• Murray R (ed), System, Society and the World. Exploring the English School of International Relations (2nd edn, E-International Relations, Bristol 2015) google scholar
• Rene F, & Hernandez U, ‘Global Administrative Law and the Global South’ in Sabino Cassese (ed), Research Handbook on Global Administrative Law (Edward Elgar Publishing, Massachusetts 2016) 392-412 google scholar
• Peter S, ‘Environment, Law, and History. The Crossroads of Environmental History and Legal History (and other related fields)’ (2015) https://environmentlawhistory.blogspot.com/2015/10/ peter-sand-on-karl-neumeyer-as.html google scholar
• Rolland F, L’historicité du droit administratif français à l’épreuve de la pratique juridique, 2 Revue Juridique de l’Ouest Année (2007) 113-156 https://www.persee.fr/doc/juro_0990-1027_2007_nu m_20_2_2913#juro_0990-1027_2007_num_20_2_T1_0113_0000 google scholar
• Savino M, ‘Linkages Between Global Regimes and Interactions with Civil Society’ in Sabino Cassese (ed), Research Handbook on Global Administrative Law (Edward Elgar Publishing, Massachusetts 2016) 131-154 google scholar
• Schimmelfennig F, & Scholtz H, ‘Legacies and Leverage: EU Political Conditionality and Democracy Promotion in Historical Perspective’ (2010) 62 Europe-Asia Studies 443-460 google scholar
• Schwarze J, ‘Enlargement, the European Constitution, and Administrative Law’ (2004) 53 International & Comparative Law Quarterly 969-984 google scholar
• Weiss T, ‘Governance, Good Governance and Global Governance: Conceptual and Actual Challenges’ (2000) 21 Third World Quarterly 795-814 google scholar