Ulusal Kültür ve Girişimcilik İlişkisinde Kurumların Rolü

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 85, 59 - 72, 25.01.2019

Aytuğ Sözüer

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, toplumların kültürel özellikleri ile girişimcilik düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkide ülkedeki kurumların rolünü
incelemektir. Araştırmanın hipotezi; kültürel boyutlar olarak güç mesafesinin düşük ve bireyciliğin yüksek olduğu ülkelerde
girişimciliğin artış göstermesinin, kurumsal kalite aracılığıyla gerçekleştiğidir. Bunun mantıksal dayanağı, güç mesafesi
düşük ve bireyci toplumlarda, şahsi ilişkilerden ziyade resmi yaptırım mekanizmalarının gelişmesiyle ortaya çıkan ticari
düzende (mülkiyet hakları, sözleşmeler hukuku, rekabet yasaları vb.), girişimciliğe yönelik tutum, istek ve kabiliyetlerin
artacağına ilişkin beklentidir. İkincil kaynaklardan derlenen 85 ülke düzeyinde veri istatistiksel olarak analiz edildiğinde,
ilgili kültürel boyutlar ve girişimcilik arasındaki pozitif yönlü ilişkinin ülkedeki kurumların kalitesi aracılığıyla açıklanabildiği
saptanmıştır. Bunun önemi, güç mesafesi yüksek ve toplulukçu kültürlerde girişimciliği geliştirme politikalarına dair yeni
bir bakış açısı gerekliliğinin vurgulanmasıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kültürel boyutlar, Kurumsal kalite, Girişimcilik endeksi

The Role of Institutions in the Relationship between National Culture and Entrepreneurship

Öz

The purpose of this study is to understand the role of institutions on the relationship between national culture and entrepreneurship
as an indicator of economic development. The research hypothesis is; the increase of entrepreneurship
in cultures with low power distance and individualism is more likely through the institutional quality in the country. The
conceptual underpinning of this premise is the expectation that entrepreneurial attitudes, abilities, and aspirations will
be stronger in more egalitarian and individualistic societies where business is regulated by formal mechanisms such as
property rights, contract law, and competition law, rather than by personal relationships. After analyzing 85 country-level
data compiled from secondary sources, it was revealed that the level of entrepreneurship increases as the institutional
quality improves in cultures with low power distance and high individualism. This finding is important because it emphasizes
that a new perspective is required to develop policies for promoting entrepreneurship in collectivist cultures with
high power distance.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cultural dimensions, Institutional quality, Entrepreneurship index

Kaynakça

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