Bilimsellik Değerlerinin İçeriği ve Yapısı

Kürşad Demirutku; Elis Güngör

Araştırma Makalesi

Content and Structure of Scientific Values

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 41 Sayı: 2, 459 - 489, 30.08.2021

Kürşad Demirutku , Elis Güngör

Öz

The purpose of the present research was to identify values relevant to the context of science and test their location in the motivational value circle proposed by Schwartz (1992). Based on the available scientific values literature, creativity, curiosity, skepticism, open-mindedness, rationality, objectivity, communality, integrity, and consistency values were identified as scientific values. Items were generated by the authors to measure their importance. Two studies were conducted to test five hypotheses. In Study 1, with a student sample (N = 624, Mage= 22), results revealed that scientific values were empirically located between Self-Direction and Universalism values, and there was a sinusoidal pattern of correlations between the scientific values and the other value types. In Study 2 (N = 181, Mage = 21.5), scientific values were observed to be positively correlated with the attitudes towards science as measured by semantic differential scales and the need for cognition scores, and negatively correlated with intolerance of uncertainty scores. The present research was the first attempt to integrate scientific values into the circular structure of values. Results were discussed as confirming the hypothesized structure of scientific values, and as providing initial support for the convergent and divergent validity of the scientific values measure. Using convenience samples with a potential self-selection bias, collecting data from Turkish university students, over-representation of women in Study 2, and low reliability coefficients for value type measures other than the scientific values were noted as methodological limitations. Attempts to replicate the results of the present research in cross-cultural studies and to investigate the relationships between the scientific values and personality measures other than the ones used in the present study to extend convergent validity are suggested as future research directions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Scientific values, value theory, value continuum, basic values, context-specific values

Kaynakça

Algina, J., & Olejnik, S. (2003). Sample size tables for correlation analysis with applications in partial correlation and multiple regression analysis. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 38(3), 309-323. doi: 10.1207/S15327906MBR3803_02 google scholar
Allchin, D. (1999). Values in science: An educational perspective. Science & Education, 8(1), 1-12. doi: 10.1023/A:1008600230536 google scholar
Anderson, M. S., Ronning, E. A., Vries, R. D., & Martinson, B. C. (2010). Extending the Mertonian norms: Scientists’ subscription to norms of research. The Journal of Higher Education, 81(3), 366393. doi: 10.1080/00221546.2010.11779057 google scholar
Arieli, S., Sagiv, L., & Roccas, S. (2019). Values at work: The impact of personal values in organisations. Applied Psychology: An International Review. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1111/apps.12181 google scholar
Bardi, A., Buchanan, K. E., Goodwin, R., Slabu, L., & Robinson, M. (2014). Value stability and change during self-chosen life transitions: Self-selection versus socialization effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 106(1), 131-147. doi: 10.1037/a0034818 google scholar
Bardi, A., & Schwartz, S. H. (2003). Values and behavior: Strength and structure of relations. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(10), 1207-1220. doi: 10.1177/0146167203254602 google scholar
Berenbaum, H., Bredemeier, K., & Thompson, R. J. (2008). Intolerance of uncertainty: Exploring its dimensionality and associations with need for cognitive closure, psychopathology, and personality. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22(1), 117-125. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.01.004 google scholar
Bilsky, W., & Schwartz, S. H. (1994). Values and personality. European Journal of Personality, 8(3), 163-181. doi: 10.1002/per.2410080303 google scholar
Buhr, K., & Dugas, M. J. (2002). The intolerance of uncertainty scale: Psychometric properties of the English version. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40(8), 931-945. doi: 10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00092-4 google scholar
Buhr, K., & Dugas, M. J. (2006). Investigating the construct validity of intolerance of uncertainty and its unique relationship with worry. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 20(2), 222-236. doi: 10.1016/j. janxdis.2004.12.004 google scholar
Cacioppo, J. T., & Petty, R. E. (1982). The need for cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42(1), 116. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.42.1.116 google scholar
Cacioppo, J. T., Petty, R. E., & Feng Kao, C. (1984). The efficient assessment of need for cognition. Journal of Personality Assessment, 48(3), 306-307. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa4803_13 google scholar
Ciarrochi, J., & Heaven, P. C. (2012). Religious values and the development of trait hope and self-esteem in adolescents. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 51(4), 676-688. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-5906.2012.01675.x google scholar
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Bilimsellik Değerlerinin İçeriği ve Yapısı

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 41 Sayı: 2, 459 - 489, 30.08.2021

Kürşad Demirutku , Elis Güngör

Öz

Content and Structure of Scientific Values460Psikoloji Çaliımalari - Studies in Psychology Cilt/Volume: 41, Sayi/Issue: 2, 2021ÖZBu araştırmanın amacı bilimsel bağlamla ilişkili değerlerin tespit edilmesi ve bu değerlerin Schwartz (1992) tarafından önerilen güdüsel çemberdeki konumlarının sınanmasıdır. Bilimsellik değerleri alanyazınından hareketle yaratıcılık, merak, şüphecilik, açık fikirlilik, akılcılık, nesnellik, müştereklik, bilimsel etik ve tutarlılık değerleri bilimsellik değerleri olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu değerlerin önemini ölçmek amacıyla yazarlar tarafından maddeler geliştirilmiştir. Beş hipotezi sınamak amacıyla iki çalışma yapılmıştır. Birinci çalışmanın (N = 624, Ort.yaş = 22) bulguları bilimsellik değerlerinin görgül olarak Özyönelim ve Evrenselcilik değerleri arasında konumlandığını ve bilimsellik değerleri ile diğer değer tipleri arasındaki korelasyonların sinus dalgası şeklinde bir örüntü sergilediğini ortaya koymuştur. İkinci çalışmada ise (N = 181, Ort.yaş = 21.5) bilimsellik değerlerinin semantik farklılık maddeleri ile ölçülen bilime yönelik tutumlar ve bilme ihtiyacı puanları ile pozitif, belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük puanları ile negatif korelasyon gösterdiği gözlenmiştir. Bu araştırma bilimsellik değerlerini, değerlerin çembersel yapısıyla entegre eden ilk çalışmadır. Bulguların bilimsellik değerlerinin hipotez edilmiş olan yapısını doğruladığı ve bilimsellik değerleri ölçümünün yakınsak ve ıraksak geçerliğe sahip olduğunu desteklediği tartışılmıştır. Kendi kendini seçme yanlılığı içerebilecek uygunluk örneklemleri kullanılması, verinin Türk üniversite öğrencilerinden toplanmış olması, ikinci çalışmada kadınların erkeklerden daha fazla temsil edilmiş olması ve bilimsellik değerleri dışındaki değer tipi ölçümlerinde düşük güvenirlik katsayıları gözlenmiş olması araştırmanın yöntemsel sınırlılıkları olarak kayda geçirilmiştir. Gelecekte yapılabilecek çalışmalarda, halihazırdaki araştırma bulgularının kültürlerarası çalışmalarla tekrarlanması ve bilimsellik değerlerinin, bu çalışmada kullanılanlar dışında kalan kişilik ölçümleri ile arasındaki ilişkilerinin incelenerek yakınsak geçerlik bulgularının genişletilmesi önerilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bilimsellik değerleri, değer kuramı, değer çemberi, temel değerler, bağlama özgü değerler

Kaynakça

Algina, J., & Olejnik, S. (2003). Sample size tables for correlation analysis with applications in partial correlation and multiple regression analysis. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 38(3), 309-323. doi: 10.1207/S15327906MBR3803_02 google scholar
Allchin, D. (1999). Values in science: An educational perspective. Science & Education, 8(1), 1-12. doi: 10.1023/A:1008600230536 google scholar
Anderson, M. S., Ronning, E. A., Vries, R. D., & Martinson, B. C. (2010). Extending the Mertonian norms: Scientists’ subscription to norms of research. The Journal of Higher Education, 81(3), 366393. doi: 10.1080/00221546.2010.11779057 google scholar
Arieli, S., Sagiv, L., & Roccas, S. (2019). Values at work: The impact of personal values in organisations. Applied Psychology: An International Review. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1111/apps.12181 google scholar
Bardi, A., Buchanan, K. E., Goodwin, R., Slabu, L., & Robinson, M. (2014). Value stability and change during self-chosen life transitions: Self-selection versus socialization effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 106(1), 131-147. doi: 10.1037/a0034818 google scholar
Bardi, A., & Schwartz, S. H. (2003). Values and behavior: Strength and structure of relations. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(10), 1207-1220. doi: 10.1177/0146167203254602 google scholar
Berenbaum, H., Bredemeier, K., & Thompson, R. J. (2008). Intolerance of uncertainty: Exploring its dimensionality and associations with need for cognitive closure, psychopathology, and personality. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22(1), 117-125. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.01.004 google scholar
Bilsky, W., & Schwartz, S. H. (1994). Values and personality. European Journal of Personality, 8(3), 163-181. doi: 10.1002/per.2410080303 google scholar
Buhr, K., & Dugas, M. J. (2002). The intolerance of uncertainty scale: Psychometric properties of the English version. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40(8), 931-945. doi: 10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00092-4 google scholar
Buhr, K., & Dugas, M. J. (2006). Investigating the construct validity of intolerance of uncertainty and its unique relationship with worry. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 20(2), 222-236. doi: 10.1016/j. janxdis.2004.12.004 google scholar
Cacioppo, J. T., & Petty, R. E. (1982). The need for cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42(1), 116. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.42.1.116 google scholar
Cacioppo, J. T., Petty, R. E., & Feng Kao, C. (1984). The efficient assessment of need for cognition. Journal of Personality Assessment, 48(3), 306-307. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa4803_13 google scholar
Ciarrochi, J., & Heaven, P. C. (2012). Religious values and the development of trait hope and self-esteem in adolescents. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 51(4), 676-688. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-5906.2012.01675.x google scholar
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. google scholar
Cohen, A. R., Stotland, E., & Wolfe, D. M. (1955). An experimental investigation of need for cognition. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 51(2), 291- 294. doi: 10.1037/h0042761 google scholar
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Toplam 80 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Bölüm	Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar	Kürşad Demirutku 0000-0003-1946-4203 Elis Güngör Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-0185-4246
Yayımlanma Tarihi	30 Ağustos 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi	22 Eylül 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2021 Cilt: 41 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA	Demirutku, K., & Güngör, E. (2021). Bilimsellik Değerlerinin İçeriği ve Yapısı. Studies in Psychology, 41(2), 459-489.
AMA	Demirutku K, Güngör E. Bilimsellik Değerlerinin İçeriği ve Yapısı. Studies in Psychology. Ağustos 2021;41(2):459-489.
Chicago	Demirutku, Kürşad, ve Elis Güngör. “Bilimsellik Değerlerinin İçeriği Ve Yapısı”. Studies in Psychology 41, sy. 2 (Ağustos 2021): 459-89.
EndNote	Demirutku K, Güngör E (01 Ağustos 2021) Bilimsellik Değerlerinin İçeriği ve Yapısı. Studies in Psychology 41 2 459–489.
IEEE	K. Demirutku ve E. Güngör, “Bilimsellik Değerlerinin İçeriği ve Yapısı”, Studies in Psychology, c. 41, sy. 2, ss. 459–489, 2021.
ISNAD	Demirutku, Kürşad - Güngör, Elis. “Bilimsellik Değerlerinin İçeriği Ve Yapısı”. Studies in Psychology 41/2 (Ağustos 2021), 459-489.
JAMA	Demirutku K, Güngör E. Bilimsellik Değerlerinin İçeriği ve Yapısı. Studies in Psychology. 2021;41:459–489.
MLA	Demirutku, Kürşad ve Elis Güngör. “Bilimsellik Değerlerinin İçeriği Ve Yapısı”. Studies in Psychology, c. 41, sy. 2, 2021, ss. 459-8.
Vancouver	Demirutku K, Güngör E. Bilimsellik Değerlerinin İçeriği ve Yapısı. Studies in Psychology. 2021;41(2):459-8.

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Psikoloji Çalışmaları / Studies In Psychology / ISSN- 1304-4680