Beden Kitle İndeksindeki Artış ile Yeme Farkındalığı, Problem Çözme Becerileri ve Duygudurum Belirtileri Arasındaki İlişkilerin İncelenmesi

Gamze Kılıç; Belemir Şule Samar; Koray Akkuş; Günay Serap Tekinsav Sütcü

doi:10.26650/SP2022-912407

Araştırma Makalesi

Beden Kitle İndeksindeki Artış ile Yeme Farkındalığı, Problem Çözme Becerileri ve Duygudurum Belirtileri Arasındaki İlişkilerin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 42 Sayı: 3, 611 - 642, 31.12.2022

Gamze Kılıç , Belemir Şule Samar , Koray Akkuş Günay Serap Tekinsav Sütcü

https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2022-912407

Öz

Bireylerin vücut ağırlıklarının sağlıklı olup olmadığının belirlenmesinde yaygın olarak kullanılan yöntemlerden biri olan beden kitle indeksindeki (BKİ) artış obeziteye işaret etmektedir. Obezite yaygınlığı giderek artan bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Bu nedenle gelişiminde etkili olan psikolojik faktörlerin belirlenmesi hem önleme hem de tedavi sürecine katkıda bulunabilir. Bu çalışmada BKİ ile problem çözme becerileri, duygudurum belirtileri (depresyon ve kaygı) ve yeme farkındalığı arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. 18-65 yaş arası toplam 619 katılımcıdan veri toplamak amacıyla Demografik Bilgi Formu, Yeme Farkındalığı Ölçeği-30, Hastane Anksiyete ve Depresyon Ölçeği ve Problem Çözme Envanteri kullanılmıştır. Öncelikli olarak, katılımcılar BKİ’ye göre obezitesi olan ve olmayan bireyler olarak iki gruba ayrılmıştır. Bu iki grubun verileri anksiyete, depresyon, problem çözme becerileri ve yeme farkındalığı puanlarının farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını tespit etmek amacıyla karşılaştırılmıştır. Ardından problem çözme becerisi, depresyon, anksiyete ve yeme farkındalığının alt boyutlarının BKİ’yi yordayıcılığı test edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre obezitesi olmayan bireyler obezitesi olanlara göre düşünmeden yeme, duygusal yeme, yeme kontrolü, bilinçli beslenme ve enterferans alt boyutlarından daha yüksek; farkındalık alt boyutundan ise daha düşük puan almışlardır. Ayrıca obezitesi olmayan grupta depresyon ve kaygı belirtileri anlamlı olarak daha düşüktür ve problem çözme becerileri daha yüksektir. Yapılan hiyerarşik regresyon analizine göre yaş, eğitim düzeyi, problem çözme becerileri, depresyon belirtileri ve yeme farkındalığının alt boyutları BKİ’yi yordamaktadır. Dahası, yaş, eğitim düzeyi ve depresif semptomlar kontrol edildikten sonra dahi yeme farkındalığının alt boyutlarının BKİ’yi pozitif yönde yordadığı belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçları depresyon belirtilerinin, yetersiz problem çözme becerilerinin ve sorunlu yeme davranışlarının vücut ağırlığındaki artışa katkıda bulunabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Sonuç olarak, yapılan tedavi çalışmalarında bu faktörlerin göz önünde bulundurulması yararlı olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Obezite, depresyon, kaygı, problem çözme becerileri, yeme farkındalığı

Kaynakça

Abarca-Gomez, L., Abdeen, Z. A., Hamid, Z. A., Abu-Rmeileh, N. M., Acosta-Cazares, B., Acuin, C., Adams, R. J., Aekplakorn, W., Afsana, K., Aguilar-Salinas, C. A., Agyemang, C., Ahmadvand, A., Ahrens, W., Ajlouni, K., Akhtaeva, N. Al-Hazzaa, H. M., Al-Othman, A. R., Al-Raddadi, R., Buhairan, F. A... ve Ezzati, M. (2017). Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: A pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128- 9 million children, adolescents, and adults. The Lancet, 390(10113), 2627-2642. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32129-3 google scholar
Alimoradi, M., Abdolahi, M., Aryan, L., Vazirijavid, R. ve Ajami, M. (2016). Cognitive behavioral therapy for treatment of adult obesity. International Journal of Medical Reviews, 3(1), 371-379. google scholar
Altfas, J. R. (2002). Prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder among adults in obesity treatment. BMC Psychiatry, 2(1), 1-8. doi: 10.1186/1471-244x-2-9 google scholar
Alwash, S. M., McIntyre, H. D. ve Mamun, A. (2021). The association of general obesity, central obesity and visceral body fat with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity Research & Clinical Practice, 15(5), 425-430. doi: 10.1016/j.orcp.2021.07.005 google scholar
Amiri, S. ve Behnezhad, S. (2019). Obesity and anxiety symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuropsychiatrie, 33(2), 72-89. doi: 10.1007/s40211-019-0302-9 google scholar
Andersen, J. R., Aasprang, A., Bergsholm, P., Sletteskog, N., Vâge, V ve Natvig, G. K. (2010). Anxiety and depression in association with morbid obesity: Changes with improved physical health after duodenal switch. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 8(1), 1-7. doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-8-52 google scholar
Arroyo-Johnson, C. ve Mincey, K. D. (2016). Obesity epidemiology worldwide. Gastroenterology Clinics, 45(4), 571-579. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2016.07.012 google scholar
Anderson, L. M., Reilly, E. E., Schaumberg, K., Dmochowski, S. ve Anderson, D. A. (2016). Contributions of mindful eating, intuitive eating, and restraint to BMI, disordered eating, and meal consumption in college students. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 21(1), 83-90. doi: 10.1007/s40519-015-0210-3 google scholar
Anderson, R. J., Goddard, L. ve Powell, J. H. (2011). Social problem-solving and depressive symptom vulnerability: The importance of real-life problem-solving performance. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 35(1), 48-56. doi: 10.1007/s10608-009-9286-2 google scholar
Avila, C., Holloway, A. C., Hahn, M. K., Morrison, K. M., Restivo, M., Anglin, R. ve Taylor, V. H. (2015). An overview of links between obesity and mental health. Current Obesity Reports, 4(3), 303-310. doi: 10.1007/s13679-015-0164-9 google scholar
Aydemir, O., Güvenir, T., Küey, L. ve Kültür, S. (1997). Validity and reliability of Turkish version of hospital anxiety and depression scale. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 8(4), 280-287. google scholar
Barışkan, H. ve Karakoç Kumsar, A. (2020). Sağlık bilimleri fakültesi öğrencilerinde abdominal obezite sıklığı ve yeme farkındalık düzeyleri. Journal of Education and Research in Nursing, 17(2), 162169. doi: 10.5222/HEAD.2020.44452 google scholar
Barte, J. C. M., Ter Bogt, N. C. W., Bogers, R. P., Teixeira, P. J., Blissmer, B., Mori, T. A. ve Bemelmans, W. J. E. (2010). Maintenance of weight loss after lifestyle interventions for overweight and obesity, a systematic review. Obesity Reviews, 11(12), 899-906. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2010.00740.x google scholar
Bays, H. E., Chapman R. H. Grandy, S ve SHIELD Investigators’ Group. (2007). The relationship of body mass index to diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidaemia: Comparison of data from two national surveys. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 61(5), 737-747. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2007.01336.x. google scholar
BeLue, R., Francis, L. A. ve Colaco, B. (2009). Mental health problems and overweight in a nationally representative sample of adolescents: Effects of race and ethnicity. Pediatrics, 123(2), 697-702. doi: 10.1542/peds.2008-0687 google scholar
Burton, P., Smit, H. J. ve Lightowler, H. J. (2007). The influence of restrained and external eating patterns on overeating. Appetite, 49(1), 191-197. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2007.01.007 google scholar
Byrne, S. M. (2002). Psychological aspects of weight maintenance and relapse in obesity. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53(5), 1029-1036. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00487-7 google scholar Cederberg, H. ve Laakso, M. (2014). Obesity and type 2 diabetes. Bray, G. A. ve Bouchard, C (Ed.), Handbook of obesity (3.baskı) içinde (s. 539-548). CRC Press. google scholar
Christian, J. G., Tsai, A. G. ve Bessesen, D. H. (2010). Interpreting weight losses from lifestyle modification trials: Using categorical data. International Journal of Obesity, 34(1), 207-209. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2009.213 google scholar
Colditz, G. A. ve Peterson, L. L. (2018). Obesity and cancer: Evidence, impact, and future directions. Clinical Chemistry, 64(1), 154-162. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2017.277376 google scholar
Çakmak, B. ve Dönmez, A. (2014). Obeziteye multidisipliner yaklaşım. Bilişsel Davranışçı Psikoterapi ve Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(3), 142-149. doi: 10.5455/JCBPR.171701 google scholar
Çolak, H. ve Aktaç, Ş. (2019). Ağırlık yönetimine yeni bir yaklaşım: Yeme farkındalığı. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(3), 212-222. google scholar
Dahl, A., Hassing, L. B., Fransson, E., Berg, S., Gatz, M., Reynolds, C. A. ve Pedersen, N. L. (2010). Being overweight in midlife is associated with lower cognitive ability and steeper cognitive decline in late life. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biomedical Sciences and Medical Sciences, 65(1), 57-62. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glp035 google scholar
Dalen, J., Smith, B. W., Shelley, B. M., Sloan, A. L., Leahigh, L. ve Begay, D. (2010). Pilot study: Mindful Eating and Living (MEAL): Weight, eating behavior, and psychological outcomes associated with a mindfulness-based intervention for people with obesity. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 18(6), 260-264. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2010.09.008 google scholar
Dalle Grave, R., Sartirana, M., El Ghoch, M. ve Calugi, S. (2018). Treating obesity with personalized cognitive behavioral therapy. Springer. google scholar
Daly, P., Pace, T., Berg, J., Menon, U. ve Szalacha, L. A. (2016). A mindful eating intervention: A theory-guided randomized anti-obesity feasibility study with adolescent Latino females. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 28, 22-28. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2016.07.006 google scholar
DeJesus, R. S., Breitkopf, C. R., Ebbert, J. O., Rutten, L. J. F., Jacobson, R. M., Jacobson, D. J., ..ve Sauver, J. S. (2016). Associations between anxiety disorder diagnoses and body mass index differ by age, sex and race: A population based study. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health: CP & EMH, 12, 67-74. doi: 10.2174/1745017901612010067 google scholar
Deniz, K. Z., Türe E., Uysal, A. ve Akar, T. K. (2015). Sosyo-ekonomik düzey değişkenlerinin kümeleme analizi ile belirlenmesi. İlköğretim Online, 14(1). 108-117. doi: 10.17051/io.2015.99837 google scholar
de Wit, L., Luppino, F., van Straten, A., Penninx, B., Zitman, F. ve Cuijpers, P. (2010). Depression and obesity: A meta-analysis of community-based studies. Psychiatry Research, 178(2), 230-235. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2009.04.015 google scholar
de Wit, L. M., Van Straten, A., Van Herten, M., Penninx, B. W. ve Cuijpers, P. (2009). Depression and body mass index, a u-shaped association. BMC Public Health, 9(1), 1-6. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-9-14 google scholar
Di Angelantonio, E., Bhupathiraju, S. N., Wormser, D., Gao, P., Kaptoge, S., De Gonzalez, A. B., Cairns, B. J., Huxley, R., Jackson, C. L., Joshy, G., Lewington, S., Manson, J. E., Murphy, N., Patel, A. V, Samet, J. M., Woodward, M., Zheng, W., Zhou, M., Bansal, N., Barricarte, A... ve Hu, F. B. (2016). Body-mass index and all-cause mortality: Individual-participant-data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies in four continents. The Lancet, 388(10046), 776-786. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30175-1 google scholar
Dibb-Smith, A. E. (2019). Supporting weight loss maintenance: The role of planning, problem solving and recommendations for future interventions. [Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide google scholar
Dohle, S., Hartmann, C. ve Keller, C. (2014). Physical activity as a moderator of the association between emotional eating and BMI: Evidence from the Swiss food panel. Psychology & Health, 29(9), 1062-1080. doi: 10.1080/08870446.2014.909042 google scholar
Doolan, K. J., Breslin, G., Hanna, D. ve Gallagher, A. M. (2015). Attentional bias to food-related visual cues: Is there a role in obesity?. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 74(1), 37-45. doi: 10.1017/ S002966511400144X google scholar
Dragan, A. ve Akhtar-Danesh, N. (2007). Relation between body mass index and depression: A structural equation modeling approach. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 7(1) 1-8. doi: 10.1186/1471-2288-7-17 google scholar
Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (2021, 9 Haziran). Obesity and overweight. https://www.who.int/news-room/ fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight adresinden 23 Kasım 2021 tarihinde alınmıştır. google scholar
Dwivedi, A. K., Dubey, P., Cistola, D. P. ve Reddy, S. Y. (2020). Association between obesity and cardiovascular outcomes: Updated evidence from meta-analysis studies. Current Cardiology Reports, 22(4), 1-19. doi: 10.1007/s11886-020-1273-y google scholar
Fabricatore, A. N. (2007). Behavior therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy of obesity: Is there a difference?. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 107(1), 92-99. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2006.10.005 google scholar
Fabricatore, A. N., Wadden, T. A., Sarwer, D. B. ve Faith, M. S. (2005). Health-related quality of life and symptoms of depression in extremely obese persons seeking bariatric surgery. Obesity Surgery, 15(3), 304-309. doi: 10.1381/0960892053576578 google scholar
Faith, M. S., Matz, P. E. ve Jorge, M. A. (2002). Obesity-depression associations in the population. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53(4), 935-942. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00308-2 google scholar
Fang, X., Wei, J., He, X., Lian, J., Han, D., An, P., Zhou, T., Liu, S., Wang, F. ve Min, J. (2018). Q uantitative association between body mass index and the risk of cancer: A global Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. International Journal of Cancer, 143(7), 1595-1603. doi: 10.1002/ijc.31553 google scholar
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A. ve Lang, A.-G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 1149-1160. doi: 10.3758/brm.41.4.1149 google scholar
Favieri, F., Forte, G. ve Casagrande, M. (2019). The executive functions in overweight and obesity: A systematic review of neuropsychological cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2126. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02126 google scholar
Ferrulli, A. (2021). Obesity: Classification and diagnosis. Luzi, L. (Ed.) Thyroid, obesity and metabolism: Exploring links between thyroid function, obesity, metabolism and lifestyle içinde (s. 73-93). Springer. google scholar
Fırıncık, S. ve Gürhan, N. (2019). Sigara, alkol ya da madde bağımlılarında problem çözme becerisinin; özkıyım, depresyon, umutsuzluk üzerine etkisi ve birbirleriyle olan ilişkileri. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi, 10(1), 39-47. doi: 10.14744/phd.2018.57689 google scholar
Fitzpatrick, S., Gilbert, S. ve Serpell, L. (2013). Systematic review: Are overweight and obese individuals impaired on behavioural tasks of executive functioning? Neuropsychology Review, 23(2), 138-156. doi: 10.1007/s11065-013-9224-7 google scholar
Forman, E. M., Butryn, M. L., Hoffman, K. L. ve Herbert, J. D. (2009). An open trial of an acceptance-based behavioral intervention for weight loss. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 16(2), 223-235. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2008.09.005 google scholar
Forno, E., Han, Y. Y., Mullen, J. ve Celedon, J. C. (2018). Overweight, obesity, and lung function in children and adults—A meta-analysis. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, 6(2), 570-581. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2017.07.010 google scholar
Framson, C., Kristal, A. R., Schenk, J. M., Littman, A. J., Zeliadt, S. ve Benitez, D. (2009). Development and validation of the mindful eating questionnaire. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 109(8), 1439-1444. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2009.05.006 google scholar
Friedman, K. E., Reichmann, S. K., Costanzo, P. R., Zelli, A., Ashmore, J. A. ve Musante, G. J. (2005). Weight stigmatization and ideological beliefs: Relation to psychological functioning in obese adults. Obesity Research, 13(5), 907-916. doi: 10.1038/oby.2005.105 google scholar
Gariepy, G., Nitka, D. ve Schmitz, N. (2010). The association between obesity and anxiety disorders in the population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Obesity, 34(3), 407-419. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2009.252 google scholar
Gidugu, V. ve Jacobs, M. L. (2019). Empowering individuals with mental illness to develop healthy eating habits through mindful eating: Results of a program evaluation. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 24(2), 177-186. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2018.1516295 google scholar
Goossens, L., Braet, C. ve Decaluwe, V. (2007) Loss of control over eating in obese youngsters. Behaviour Research Therapy, 45(1):1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2006.01.006. google scholar
Gunstad, J., Paul, R. H., Cohen, R. A., Tate, D. F., Spitznagel, M. B. ve Gordon, E. (2007). Elevated body mass index is associated with executive dysfunction in otherwise healthy adults. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 48(1), 57-61. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2006.05.001 google scholar
Haghighi, M., Jahangard, L., Ahmadpanah, M., Bajoghli, H., Holsboer-Trachsler, E. ve Brand, S. (2016). The relation between anxiety and BMI-is it all in our curves?. Psychiatry Research, 235, 49-54. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.12.002 google scholar
Hardikar, S., Höchenberger, R., Villringer, A. ve Ohla, K. (2017). Higher sensitivity to sweet and salty taste in obese compared to lean individuals. Appetite, 111, 158-165. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.12.017 google scholar
Hendrickson, K. L. ve Rasmussen, E. B. (2013). Effects of mindful eating training on delay and probability discounting for food and money in obese and healthy-weight individuals. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51(7), 399-409. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2013.04.002 google scholar
Hendrikse, J. J., Cachia, R. L., Kothe, E. J., McPhie, S., Skouteris, H. ve Hayden, M. J. (2015). Attentional biases for food cues in overweight and individuals with obesity: A systematic review of the literature. Obesity Reviews, 16(5), 424-432. doi: 10.1111/obr.12265 google scholar
Heppner, P. P. ve Petersen, C. H. (1982). The development and implications of a personal problem-solving inventory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 29(1), 66-75. doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.29.1.66 google scholar
Herhaus, B., Kersting, A., Brahler, E. ve Petrowski, K. (2020). Depression, anxiety and health status across different BMI classes: A representative study in Germany. Journal of Affective Disorders, 276, 45-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.020 google scholar
Herz, R. S., Van Reen, E., Gredvig-Ardito, C. A. ve Carskadon, M. A. (2020). Insights into smell and taste sensitivity in normal weight and overweight-obese adolescents. Physiology & Behavior, 221, 112897. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112897 google scholar
Hettema, J. M., Neale, M. C. ve Kendler, K. S. (2001). A review and meta-analysis of the genetic epidemiology of anxiety disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(10), 1568-1578. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.10.1568 google scholar
Husky, M. M., Mazure, C. M., Ruffault, A., Flahault, C. ve Kovess-Masfety, V. (2018). Differential associations between excess body weight and psychiatric disorders in men and women. Journal of Women’s Health, 27(2), 183-190. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2016.6248 google scholar
Jepsen, R., Aadland, E., Andersen, J. R. ve Natvig, G. K. (2013). Associations between physical activity and quality of life outcomes in adults with severe obesity: A cross-sectional study prior to the beginning of a lifestyle intervention. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 11(1), 1-6. doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-11-187 google scholar
Jordan, C. H., Wang, W., Donatoni, L. ve Meier, B. P. (2014). Mindful eating: Trait and state mindfulness predict healthier eating behavior. Personality and Individual Differences, 68, 107-111. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.04.013 google scholar
Jung, S. J., Woo, H. T., Cho, S., Park, K., Jeong, S., Lee, Y. J., Kang, D. ve Shin, A. (2017). Association between body size, weight change and depression: Systematic review and meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 211(1), 14-21. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.116.186726 google scholar
Kelly, T., Yang, W., Chen, C. S., Reynolds, K. ve He, J. (2008). Global burden of obesity in 2005 and projections to 2030. International Journal of Obesity, 32(9), 1431-1437. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2008.102 google scholar
Khan, S. S., Ning, H., Wilkins, J. T., Allen, N., Carnethon, M., Berry, J. D., Sweis, R. N. ve Lloyd-Jones, D. M. (2018). Association of body mass index with lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease and compression of morbidity. JAMA Cardiology, 3(4), 280-287. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2018.0022 google scholar
Koenders, P. G. ve van Strien, T. (2011). Emotional eating, rather than lifestyle behavior, drives weight gain in a prospective study in 1562 employees. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 53(11), 1287-1293. doi:10.1097/JOM.0b013e31823078a2 google scholar
Köse, G. ve Çıplak, M. E. (2020). Does mindful eating have a relationship with gender, body mass index and health promoting lifestyle?. Progress in Nutrition, 22(2), 528-535. doi: 10.23751/ pn.v22i2.9268 google scholar
Köse, G., Tayfur, M., Birincioğlu, İ. ve Dönmez, A. (2016). Yeme Farkındalığı Ölçeği’ni Türkçeye uyarlama çalışması. Bilişsel Davranışçı Psikoterapi ve Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3, 125-134. doi: 10.5455/JCBPR.250644 google scholar
Lazarevich, I., Camacho, M. E. I., del Consuelo Velazquez-Alva, M. ve Zepeda, M. Z. (2016). Relationship among obesity, depression, and emotional eating in young adults. Appetite, 107, 639644. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.09.011 google scholar
Lee, M., Nezu, A. M. ve Nezu, C. M. (2018). Acculturative stress, social problem solving, and depressive symptoms among Korean American immigrants. Transcultural Psychiatry, 55(5), 710729. doi: 10.1177%2F1363461518792734 google scholar
Lillis, J., Hayes, S. C., Bunting, K. ve Masuda, A. (2009). Teaching acceptance and mindfulness to improve the lives of the obese: A preliminary test of a theoretical model. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 37(1), 58-69. doi: 10.1007/s12160-009-9083-x google scholar
Lohmann, A. E., Soldera, S. V., Pimentel, I., Ribnikar, D., Ennis, M., Amir, E. ve Goodwin, P. J. (2021). Association of obesity with breast cancer outcome in relation to cancer subtypes: A meta-analysis. JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 113(11), 1465-1475. doi: 10.1093/jnci/ djab023 google scholar
Lopez Jr, R., Brick, L. A., Defayette, A. B., Whitmyre, E. D., Wolff, J., Frazier, E., Spirito, A. ve Esposito-Smythers, C. (2020). Depressive symptom severity mediates the association between avoidant problem-solving style and suicidal ideation. Journal of affective disorders, 274, 662-670. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.120. google scholar
Luppino, F. S., de Wit, L. M., Bouvy, P. F., Stijnen, T., Cuijpers, P., Penninx, B. W. ve Zitman, F. G. (2010). Overweight, obesity, and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67(3), 220-229. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.2 google scholar
Ma, J., Rosas, L. G., Lv, N., Xiao, L., Snowden, M. B., Venditti, E. M., Lewis, M. A., Goldhaber-Fiebert, J. D. ve Lavori, P. W. (2019). Effect of integrated behavioral weight loss treatment and problem-solving therapy on body mass index and depressive symptoms among patients with obesity and depression: The RAINBOW randomized clinical trial. Jama, 321(9), 869-879. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.0557 google scholar
Ma, S., Xi, B., Yang, L., Sun, J., Zhao, M. ve Bovet, P. (2021). Trends in the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity among Chinese adults between 1993 and 2015. International Journal of Obesity, 45(2), 427-437. doi: 10.1038/s41366-020-00698-x google scholar
McClure, K. S., Nezu, A. M., Nezu, C. M., O’Hea, E. L. ve McMahon, C. (2012). Social problem solving and depression in couples coping with cancer. Psycho-Oncology, 21(1), 11-19. doi: 10.1002/pon.1856 google scholar
McCrea, R. L., Berger, Y. G. ve King, M. B. (2012). Body mass index and common mental disorders: Exploring the shape of the association and its moderation by age, gender and education. International Journal of Obesity, 36(3), 414-421. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2011.65 google scholar
McMurran, M. ve Christopher, G. (2009). Social problem solving, anxiety, and depression in adult male prisoners. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 14(1), 101-107. doi: 10.1348/135532507X267031 google scholar
Monroe, J. T. (2015). Mindful eating: Principles and practice. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 9(3), 217-220. doi: 10.1177/1559827615569682 google scholar
Moor, K. R., Scott, A. J. ve McIntosh, W. D. (2013). Mindful eating and its relationship to body mass index and physical activity among university students. Mindfulness, 4(3), 269-274. doi: 10.1007/ s12671-012-0124-3 google scholar
Murawski, M. E., Milsom, V. A., Ross, K. M., Rickel, K. A., DeBraganza, N., Gibbons, L. M. ve Perri, M. G. (2009). Problem solving, treatment adherence, and weight-loss outcome among women participating in lifestyle treatment for obesity. Eating Behaviors, 10(3), 146-151. doi: 10.1016/j. eatbeh.2009.03.005 google scholar
Nezu, A. M., Nezu, C. M. ve D’Zurilla, T. (2012). Problem-solving therapy: A treatment manual. Springer Publishing Company. google scholar
Nijs, I. M., Franken, I. H. ve Muris, P. (2010). Food-related Stroop interference in obese and normal-weight individuals: Behavioral and electrophysiological indices. Eating Behaviors, 11(4), 258-265. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2010.07.002 google scholar
Ohkuma, T., Hirakawa, Y., Nakamura, U., Kiyohara, Y., Kitazono, T. ve Ninomiya, T. (2015). Association between eating rate and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Obesity, 39(11), 1589-1596. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2015.96 google scholar
Olson, K. L. ve Emery, C. F. (2015). Mindfulness and weight loss: A systematic review. Psychosomatic Medicine, 77(1), 59-67. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000000127 google scholar
Omer, T. (2020). The health and economic impacts of obesity. Advances in Obesity, Weight Management & Control, 10(4), 96-98. doi: 10.15406/aowmc.2020.10.00313 google scholar
Otsuka, R., Tamakoshi, K., Yatsuya, H., Murata, C., Sekiya, A., Wada, K., Zhang, H. M., Matsushita, K., Sugiura, K., Takefuji, S., OuYang, P., Nagasaa, N., Kondo, T., Sasaki, S. ve Toyoshima, H. (2006). Eating fast leads to obesity: Findings based on self-administered questionnaires among middle-aged Japanese men and women. Journal of Epidemiology, 16(3), 117-124. doi: 10.2188/ jea.16.117 google scholar
Özkan, N. ve Bilici, S. (2020). Are anthropometric measurements an indicator of intuitive and mindful eating? Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 26(2), 1-10. doi: 10.1007/s40519-020-00904-9 google scholar
Pabst, S. R., Negriff, S., Dorn, L. D., Susman, E. J. ve Huang, B. (2009). Depression and anxiety in adolescent females: The impact of sleep preference and body mass index. Journal of Adolescent Health, 44(6), 554-560. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.11.012 google scholar
Pereira-Miranda, E., Costa, P. R., Queiroz, V. A., Pereira-Santos, M. ve Santana, M. L. (2017). Overweight and obesity associated with higher depression prevalence in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 36(3), 223-233. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2016.1261053. google scholar
Perri, M. G., Limacher, M. C., Durning, P. E., Janicke, D. M., Lutes, L. D., Bobroff, L. B., Dale, M. S., Daniels, M. J., Radcliff, T. A. ve Martin, A. D. (2008). Extended-care programs for weight management in rural communities: The treatment of obesity in underserved rural settings (TOURS) randomized trial. Archives of Internal Medicine, 168(21), 2347-2354. doi:10.1001/ archinte.168.21.2347 google scholar
Perri, M. G., Nezu, A. M., McKelvey, W. F., Shermer, R. L., Renjilian, D. A. ve Viegener, B. J. (2001). Relapse prevention training and problem-solving therapy in the long-term management of obesity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69(4), 722-726. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.69.4.722 google scholar
Petry, N. M., Barry, D., Pietrzak, R. H. ve Wagner, J. A. (2008). Overweight and obesity are associated with psychiatric disorders: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Psychosomatic Medicine, 70(3), 288-297. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181651651 google scholar
Pettit, G. S., Dodge, K. A. ve Brown, M. M. (1988). Early family experience, social problem solving patterns, and children’s social competence. Child Development, 59(1), 107-120. doi: 10.2307/1130393 google scholar
Pintado-Cucarella, S. ve Rodriguez-Salgado, P (2016). Mindful eating and its relationship with body mass index, binge eating, anxiety and negative affect. Journal of Behavior, Health & Social Issues, 8(2), 19-24. doi: 10.1016/j.jbhsi.2016.11.003 google scholar
Prefit, A. B., Cândea, D. M. ve Szentagotai-Tatar, A. (2019). Emotion regulation across eating pathology: A meta-analysis. Appetite, 143, 104-438. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104438 google scholar
Puhl, R. M. ve Heuer, C. A. (2009). The stigma of obesity: A review and update. Obesity, 17(5), 941964. doi: 10.1038/oby.2008.636 google scholar
Putallaz, M. (1987). Maternal behavior and children’s sociometric status. Child Development, 58(2), 324-340. doi: 10.2307/1130510 google scholar
Rafiei, N. ve Gill, T. (2018). Identification of factors contributing to successful self-directed weight loss: A qualitative study. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 31(3), 329-336. doi: 10.1111/jhn.12522 google scholar
Rajan, T. M. ve Menon, V. (2017). Psychiatric disorders and obesity: A review of association studies. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, 63(3), 182-190. doi: 10.4103/jpgm.JPGM_712_16 google scholar
Reddy, Y. N., Rikhi, A., Obokata, M., Shah, S. J., Lewis, G. D., AbouEzzedine, O. F., Dunlay, S., McNulty, S., Chakraborty, H., Stevenson, L. W., Redfield, M. M. ve Borlaug, B. A. (2020). Quality of life in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: Importance of obesity, functional capacity, and physical inactivity. European Journal of Heart Failure, 22(6), 1009-1018. doi: 10.1002. ejhf.1788 google scholar
Samanic, C., Chow, W. H., Gridley, G., Jarvholm, B. ve Fraumeni, J. F. (2006). Relation of body mass index to cancer risk in 362,552 Swedish men. Cancer Causes & Control, 17(7), 901-909. doi: 10.1007/s10552-006-0023-9 google scholar
Sareen, J., Cox, B. J., Clara, I. ve Asmundson, G. J. (2005). The relationship between anxiety disorders and physical disorders in the US National Comorbidity Survey. Depression and Anxiety, 21(4), 193-202. doi: 10.1002/da.20072 google scholar
Sareen, J., Jacobi, F., Cox, B. J., Belik, S. L., Clara, I. ve Stein, M. B. (2006). Disability and poor quality of life associated with comorbid anxiety disorders and physical conditions. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(19), 2109-2116. doi:10.1001/archinte.166.19.2109 google scholar
Satman, I., Omer, B., Tutuncu, Y., Kalaca, S., Gedik, S., Dinccag, N., Karsidag, K., Genc, S., Telci, A., Canbaz, B., Turker, F., Yilmaz, T., Cakir, B. ve Tuomilehto, J. (2013). Twelve-year trends in the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and prediabetes in Turkish adults. European Journal of Epidemiology, 28(2), 169-180. doi: 10.1007/s10654-013-9771-5 google scholar
Schafer, J. Ö., Naumann, E., Holmes, E. A., Tuschen-Caffier, B. ve Samson, A. C. (2017). Emotion regulation strategies in depressive and anxiety symptoms in youth: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46(2), 261-276. doi: 10.1007/s10964-016-0585-0 google scholar
Scott, K. M., Bruffaerts, R., Simon, G. E., Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M., De Girolamo, G., Demyttenaere, K., Gasquet, I., Haro, J. M., Karam, E., Kessler, R. C., Levinson, D., Öedina Mora, M. E., Oakley Browne, M. A., Ormel, J., Villa, J. P., Uda, H. ve Von Korff, M. (2008a). Obesity and mental disorders in the general population: Results from the world mental health surveys. International Journal of Obesity, 32(1), 192-200. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803701 google scholar
Scott, K. M., McGee, M. A., Wells, J. E. ve Browne, M. A. O. (2008b). Obesity and mental disorders in the adult general population. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 64(1), 97-105. doi: 10.1016/j. jpsychores.2007.09.006 google scholar
Sharafi, S. E., Garmaroudi, G., Ghafouri, M., Bafghi, S. A., Ghafouri, M., Tabesh, M. R. ve Alizadeh, Z. (2020). Prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with overweight and obesity. Obesity Medicine, 17, 100169. doi:10.1016/j.obmed.2019.100169 google scholar
Siu, A. M. ve Shek, D. T. (2010). Social problem solving as a predictor of well-being in adolescents and young adults. Social Indicators Research, 95(3), 393-406. doi: 10.1007/s11205-009-9527-5 google scholar
Stunkard, A. J., Faith, M. S. ve Allison, K. C. (2003). Depression and obesity. Biological Psychiatry, 54(3), 330-337. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3223(03)00608-5 google scholar
Swanson, H., Power, K., Collin, P., Deas, S., Paterson, G., Grierson, D., Yellowless, A., Park, K. ve Taylor, L. (2010). The relationship between parental bonding, social problem solving and eating pathology in an anorexic inpatient sample. European Eating Disorders Review: The Professional Journal of the Eating Disorders Association, 18(1), 22-32. doi: 10.1002/erv.967 google scholar
Şahin, N., Şahin, N. H. ve Heppner, P. P. (1993). Psychometric properties of the problem solving inventory in a group of Turkish university students. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 17(4), 379396. doi: 10.1007/BF01177661 google scholar
Tapper, K. ve Seguias, L. (2020). The effects of mindful eating on food consumption over a half-day period. Appetite, 145, 104495. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104495 google scholar
Tapper, K., Shaw, C., Ilsley, J., Hill, A. J., Bond, F. W. ve Moore, L. (2009). Exploratory randomised controlled trial of a mindfulness-based weight loss intervention for women. Appetite, 52(2), 396404. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2008.11.012 google scholar
T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı (2019). Türkiye beslenme ve sağlık araştırması (yayın no: 1132) . Tiraj Basım. google scholar
van Strien, T., Konttinen, H., Homberg, J.R., Engels, R.C. ve Winkens, L,H. (2016). Emotional eating as a mediator between depression and weight gain. Appetite, 1(100), 216-24. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.02.034. google scholar
Vorontsova, N., Garety, P. ve Freeman, D. (2018). Schematic beliefs and problem solving performance predict depression in people experiencing persecutory delusions. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 100, 5-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.02.010 google scholar
Walley, A. J., Asher, J. E. ve Froguel, P. (2009). The genetic contribution to non-syndromic human obesity. Nature Reviews Genetics, 10(7), 431-442. doi: 10.1038/nrg2594 google scholar
Warren, J. M., Smith, N. ve Ashwell, M. (2017). A structured literature review on the role of mindfulness, mindful eating and intuitive eating in changing eating behaviours: Effectiveness and associated potential mechanisms. Nutrition Research Reviews, 30(2), 272-283. doi: 10.1017/S0954422417000154 google scholar
Wilborn, C., Beckham, J., Campbell, B., Harvey, T., Galbreath, M., La Bounty, P., Nassar, E., Wismann, J. ve Kreider, R. (2005). Obesity: Prevalence, theories, medical consequences, management, and research directions. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2(2), 1-28. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-2-2-4 google scholar
Williams, E. P., Mesidor, M., Winters, K., Dubbert, P. M. ve Wyatt, S. B. (2015). Overweight and obesity: prevalence, consequences, and causes of a growing public health problem. Current obesity reports, 4(3), 363-370. doi: 10.1007/s13679-015-0169-4 google scholar
Wing, R. R. (2004). Behavioral approaches to the treatment of obesity. Bray, G. A. ve Bouchard, C. (Ed.), Handbook of obesity: Clinical applications (2.baskı) içinde (s. 147-167.). Marcel Dekker, Inc. google scholar
Xue, R., Li, Q., Geng, Y., Wang, H., Wang, F. ve Zhang, S. (2021). Abdominal obesity and risk of CVD: A dose-response meta-analysis of thirty-one prospective studies. British Journal of Nutrition, 126(9), 1420-1430. doi: 10.1017/S0007114521000064 google scholar
Yıldız, A. G. M. ve Eldeleklioğlu, J. (2019). Üniversite öğrencilerinin depresyon düzeylerinin ruminasyon ve problem çözme becerileriyle ilişkisi. Kalem Uluslararası Eğitim ve İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(16), 27-46. doi: 10.23863/kalem.2018.97 google scholar
Yu, Y., Sereika, S. M., Finegold, D. N. ve Burke, L. E. (2020). Problem-solving, adherence to lifestyle goals, and weight loss among individuals participating in a weight loss study. International Journal ofBehavioral Medicine, 28(3) 1-9. doi: 10.1007/s12529-020-09922-4 google scholar
Zhao, G., Ford, E., Dhingra, S. Li, C., Strine, T.W. ve Mokdad, A.H. (2009) Depression and anxiety among US adults: Associations with body mass index. International Journal of Obesity, 33, 257266. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2008.268 google scholar
Zigmond, A. S. ve Snaith, R. P. (1983). The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67(6), 361-370. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x google scholar

Examining the Relationships of Increase in Body Mass Index with Mindful Eating, Problem Solving Skills, and Mood Symptoms

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 42 Sayı: 3, 611 - 642, 31.12.2022

Gamze Kılıç , Belemir Şule Samar , Koray Akkuş Günay Serap Tekinsav Sütcü

https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2022-912407

Öz

Body mass index (BMI) is commonly used as a determinant of healthy weight, with high values being suggestive of obesity – a highly prevalent public health problem. Identifying the underlying psychological factors of high BMI is critical for preventing and treating obesity. The present study addresses this issue by exploring the relationships BMI has with problem-solving skills, mood symptoms (depression and anxiety), and mindful eating. A demographic information form, the Mindful Eating Questionnaire-30, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Problem Solving Inventory were used to collect data from 619 study participants aged 18–65 years. First, the participants were divided into two groups based on their BMIs as those who are considered obese and those who are not. The data from the two groups were compared to identify any differences in their anxiety, depression, problem-solving skills, and mindful eating scores. In the next stage, their problem-solving skills, depression, anxiety, and sub-dimensions of mindful eating were tested with regard to being able to predict their BMI. The results revealed that the non-obese individuals scored higher in the sub-dimensions of mindful eating, emotional eating, eating control, conscious eating, and interference and lower in the sub-dimension of awareness compared to the obese individuals. In addition, the non-obese individuals showed fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety and had better problem-solving skills compared to the obese group. The hierarchical regression analysis showed that age, education level, problem-solving skills, depressive symptoms, and the sub-dimensions of mindful eating predict BMI. Moreover, the sub-dimensions of mindful eating were found to positively predict BMI, even when controlling for age, education, and depressive symptoms. The present study has thus identified the detrimental role that depressive symptoms, insufficient problem-solving skills, and problematic eating behaviors have regarding increased BMI. As a result, taking these factors into consideration is thought to be able to benefit prevention and treatment studies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Obesity, depression, anxiety, problem solving-skills, mindful eating

Kaynakça

Abarca-Gomez, L., Abdeen, Z. A., Hamid, Z. A., Abu-Rmeileh, N. M., Acosta-Cazares, B., Acuin, C., Adams, R. J., Aekplakorn, W., Afsana, K., Aguilar-Salinas, C. A., Agyemang, C., Ahmadvand, A., Ahrens, W., Ajlouni, K., Akhtaeva, N. Al-Hazzaa, H. M., Al-Othman, A. R., Al-Raddadi, R., Buhairan, F. A... ve Ezzati, M. (2017). Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: A pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128- 9 million children, adolescents, and adults. The Lancet, 390(10113), 2627-2642. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32129-3 google scholar
Alimoradi, M., Abdolahi, M., Aryan, L., Vazirijavid, R. ve Ajami, M. (2016). Cognitive behavioral therapy for treatment of adult obesity. International Journal of Medical Reviews, 3(1), 371-379. google scholar
Altfas, J. R. (2002). Prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder among adults in obesity treatment. BMC Psychiatry, 2(1), 1-8. doi: 10.1186/1471-244x-2-9 google scholar
Alwash, S. M., McIntyre, H. D. ve Mamun, A. (2021). The association of general obesity, central obesity and visceral body fat with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity Research & Clinical Practice, 15(5), 425-430. doi: 10.1016/j.orcp.2021.07.005 google scholar
Amiri, S. ve Behnezhad, S. (2019). Obesity and anxiety symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuropsychiatrie, 33(2), 72-89. doi: 10.1007/s40211-019-0302-9 google scholar
Andersen, J. R., Aasprang, A., Bergsholm, P., Sletteskog, N., Vâge, V ve Natvig, G. K. (2010). Anxiety and depression in association with morbid obesity: Changes with improved physical health after duodenal switch. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 8(1), 1-7. doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-8-52 google scholar
Arroyo-Johnson, C. ve Mincey, K. D. (2016). Obesity epidemiology worldwide. Gastroenterology Clinics, 45(4), 571-579. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2016.07.012 google scholar
Anderson, L. M., Reilly, E. E., Schaumberg, K., Dmochowski, S. ve Anderson, D. A. (2016). Contributions of mindful eating, intuitive eating, and restraint to BMI, disordered eating, and meal consumption in college students. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 21(1), 83-90. doi: 10.1007/s40519-015-0210-3 google scholar
Anderson, R. J., Goddard, L. ve Powell, J. H. (2011). Social problem-solving and depressive symptom vulnerability: The importance of real-life problem-solving performance. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 35(1), 48-56. doi: 10.1007/s10608-009-9286-2 google scholar
Avila, C., Holloway, A. C., Hahn, M. K., Morrison, K. M., Restivo, M., Anglin, R. ve Taylor, V. H. (2015). An overview of links between obesity and mental health. Current Obesity Reports, 4(3), 303-310. doi: 10.1007/s13679-015-0164-9 google scholar
Aydemir, O., Güvenir, T., Küey, L. ve Kültür, S. (1997). Validity and reliability of Turkish version of hospital anxiety and depression scale. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 8(4), 280-287. google scholar
Barışkan, H. ve Karakoç Kumsar, A. (2020). Sağlık bilimleri fakültesi öğrencilerinde abdominal obezite sıklığı ve yeme farkındalık düzeyleri. Journal of Education and Research in Nursing, 17(2), 162169. doi: 10.5222/HEAD.2020.44452 google scholar
Barte, J. C. M., Ter Bogt, N. C. W., Bogers, R. P., Teixeira, P. J., Blissmer, B., Mori, T. A. ve Bemelmans, W. J. E. (2010). Maintenance of weight loss after lifestyle interventions for overweight and obesity, a systematic review. Obesity Reviews, 11(12), 899-906. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2010.00740.x google scholar
Bays, H. E., Chapman R. H. Grandy, S ve SHIELD Investigators’ Group. (2007). The relationship of body mass index to diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidaemia: Comparison of data from two national surveys. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 61(5), 737-747. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2007.01336.x. google scholar
BeLue, R., Francis, L. A. ve Colaco, B. (2009). Mental health problems and overweight in a nationally representative sample of adolescents: Effects of race and ethnicity. Pediatrics, 123(2), 697-702. doi: 10.1542/peds.2008-0687 google scholar
Burton, P., Smit, H. J. ve Lightowler, H. J. (2007). The influence of restrained and external eating patterns on overeating. Appetite, 49(1), 191-197. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2007.01.007 google scholar
Byrne, S. M. (2002). Psychological aspects of weight maintenance and relapse in obesity. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53(5), 1029-1036. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00487-7 google scholar Cederberg, H. ve Laakso, M. (2014). Obesity and type 2 diabetes. Bray, G. A. ve Bouchard, C (Ed.), Handbook of obesity (3.baskı) içinde (s. 539-548). CRC Press. google scholar
Christian, J. G., Tsai, A. G. ve Bessesen, D. H. (2010). Interpreting weight losses from lifestyle modification trials: Using categorical data. International Journal of Obesity, 34(1), 207-209. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2009.213 google scholar
Colditz, G. A. ve Peterson, L. L. (2018). Obesity and cancer: Evidence, impact, and future directions. Clinical Chemistry, 64(1), 154-162. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2017.277376 google scholar
Çakmak, B. ve Dönmez, A. (2014). Obeziteye multidisipliner yaklaşım. Bilişsel Davranışçı Psikoterapi ve Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(3), 142-149. doi: 10.5455/JCBPR.171701 google scholar
Çolak, H. ve Aktaç, Ş. (2019). Ağırlık yönetimine yeni bir yaklaşım: Yeme farkındalığı. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(3), 212-222. google scholar
Dahl, A., Hassing, L. B., Fransson, E., Berg, S., Gatz, M., Reynolds, C. A. ve Pedersen, N. L. (2010). Being overweight in midlife is associated with lower cognitive ability and steeper cognitive decline in late life. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biomedical Sciences and Medical Sciences, 65(1), 57-62. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glp035 google scholar
Dalen, J., Smith, B. W., Shelley, B. M., Sloan, A. L., Leahigh, L. ve Begay, D. (2010). Pilot study: Mindful Eating and Living (MEAL): Weight, eating behavior, and psychological outcomes associated with a mindfulness-based intervention for people with obesity. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 18(6), 260-264. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2010.09.008 google scholar
Dalle Grave, R., Sartirana, M., El Ghoch, M. ve Calugi, S. (2018). Treating obesity with personalized cognitive behavioral therapy. Springer. google scholar
Daly, P., Pace, T., Berg, J., Menon, U. ve Szalacha, L. A. (2016). A mindful eating intervention: A theory-guided randomized anti-obesity feasibility study with adolescent Latino females. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 28, 22-28. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2016.07.006 google scholar
DeJesus, R. S., Breitkopf, C. R., Ebbert, J. O., Rutten, L. J. F., Jacobson, R. M., Jacobson, D. J., ..ve Sauver, J. S. (2016). Associations between anxiety disorder diagnoses and body mass index differ by age, sex and race: A population based study. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health: CP & EMH, 12, 67-74. doi: 10.2174/1745017901612010067 google scholar
Deniz, K. Z., Türe E., Uysal, A. ve Akar, T. K. (2015). Sosyo-ekonomik düzey değişkenlerinin kümeleme analizi ile belirlenmesi. İlköğretim Online, 14(1). 108-117. doi: 10.17051/io.2015.99837 google scholar
de Wit, L., Luppino, F., van Straten, A., Penninx, B., Zitman, F. ve Cuijpers, P. (2010). Depression and obesity: A meta-analysis of community-based studies. Psychiatry Research, 178(2), 230-235. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2009.04.015 google scholar
de Wit, L. M., Van Straten, A., Van Herten, M., Penninx, B. W. ve Cuijpers, P. (2009). Depression and body mass index, a u-shaped association. BMC Public Health, 9(1), 1-6. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-9-14 google scholar
Di Angelantonio, E., Bhupathiraju, S. N., Wormser, D., Gao, P., Kaptoge, S., De Gonzalez, A. B., Cairns, B. J., Huxley, R., Jackson, C. L., Joshy, G., Lewington, S., Manson, J. E., Murphy, N., Patel, A. V, Samet, J. M., Woodward, M., Zheng, W., Zhou, M., Bansal, N., Barricarte, A... ve Hu, F. B. (2016). Body-mass index and all-cause mortality: Individual-participant-data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies in four continents. The Lancet, 388(10046), 776-786. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30175-1 google scholar
Dibb-Smith, A. E. (2019). Supporting weight loss maintenance: The role of planning, problem solving and recommendations for future interventions. [Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide google scholar
Dohle, S., Hartmann, C. ve Keller, C. (2014). Physical activity as a moderator of the association between emotional eating and BMI: Evidence from the Swiss food panel. Psychology & Health, 29(9), 1062-1080. doi: 10.1080/08870446.2014.909042 google scholar
Doolan, K. J., Breslin, G., Hanna, D. ve Gallagher, A. M. (2015). Attentional bias to food-related visual cues: Is there a role in obesity?. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 74(1), 37-45. doi: 10.1017/ S002966511400144X google scholar
Dragan, A. ve Akhtar-Danesh, N. (2007). Relation between body mass index and depression: A structural equation modeling approach. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 7(1) 1-8. doi: 10.1186/1471-2288-7-17 google scholar
Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (2021, 9 Haziran). Obesity and overweight. https://www.who.int/news-room/ fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight adresinden 23 Kasım 2021 tarihinde alınmıştır. google scholar
Dwivedi, A. K., Dubey, P., Cistola, D. P. ve Reddy, S. Y. (2020). Association between obesity and cardiovascular outcomes: Updated evidence from meta-analysis studies. Current Cardiology Reports, 22(4), 1-19. doi: 10.1007/s11886-020-1273-y google scholar
Fabricatore, A. N. (2007). Behavior therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy of obesity: Is there a difference?. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 107(1), 92-99. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2006.10.005 google scholar
Fabricatore, A. N., Wadden, T. A., Sarwer, D. B. ve Faith, M. S. (2005). Health-related quality of life and symptoms of depression in extremely obese persons seeking bariatric surgery. Obesity Surgery, 15(3), 304-309. doi: 10.1381/0960892053576578 google scholar
Faith, M. S., Matz, P. E. ve Jorge, M. A. (2002). Obesity-depression associations in the population. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53(4), 935-942. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00308-2 google scholar
Fang, X., Wei, J., He, X., Lian, J., Han, D., An, P., Zhou, T., Liu, S., Wang, F. ve Min, J. (2018). Q uantitative association between body mass index and the risk of cancer: A global Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. International Journal of Cancer, 143(7), 1595-1603. doi: 10.1002/ijc.31553 google scholar
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A. ve Lang, A.-G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 1149-1160. doi: 10.3758/brm.41.4.1149 google scholar
Favieri, F., Forte, G. ve Casagrande, M. (2019). The executive functions in overweight and obesity: A systematic review of neuropsychological cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2126. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02126 google scholar
Ferrulli, A. (2021). Obesity: Classification and diagnosis. Luzi, L. (Ed.) Thyroid, obesity and metabolism: Exploring links between thyroid function, obesity, metabolism and lifestyle içinde (s. 73-93). Springer. google scholar
Fırıncık, S. ve Gürhan, N. (2019). Sigara, alkol ya da madde bağımlılarında problem çözme becerisinin; özkıyım, depresyon, umutsuzluk üzerine etkisi ve birbirleriyle olan ilişkileri. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi, 10(1), 39-47. doi: 10.14744/phd.2018.57689 google scholar
Fitzpatrick, S., Gilbert, S. ve Serpell, L. (2013). Systematic review: Are overweight and obese individuals impaired on behavioural tasks of executive functioning? Neuropsychology Review, 23(2), 138-156. doi: 10.1007/s11065-013-9224-7 google scholar
Forman, E. M., Butryn, M. L., Hoffman, K. L. ve Herbert, J. D. (2009). An open trial of an acceptance-based behavioral intervention for weight loss. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 16(2), 223-235. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2008.09.005 google scholar
Forno, E., Han, Y. Y., Mullen, J. ve Celedon, J. C. (2018). Overweight, obesity, and lung function in children and adults—A meta-analysis. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, 6(2), 570-581. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2017.07.010 google scholar
Framson, C., Kristal, A. R., Schenk, J. M., Littman, A. J., Zeliadt, S. ve Benitez, D. (2009). Development and validation of the mindful eating questionnaire. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 109(8), 1439-1444. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2009.05.006 google scholar
Friedman, K. E., Reichmann, S. K., Costanzo, P. R., Zelli, A., Ashmore, J. A. ve Musante, G. J. (2005). Weight stigmatization and ideological beliefs: Relation to psychological functioning in obese adults. Obesity Research, 13(5), 907-916. doi: 10.1038/oby.2005.105 google scholar
Gariepy, G., Nitka, D. ve Schmitz, N. (2010). The association between obesity and anxiety disorders in the population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Obesity, 34(3), 407-419. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2009.252 google scholar
Gidugu, V. ve Jacobs, M. L. (2019). Empowering individuals with mental illness to develop healthy eating habits through mindful eating: Results of a program evaluation. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 24(2), 177-186. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2018.1516295 google scholar
Goossens, L., Braet, C. ve Decaluwe, V. (2007) Loss of control over eating in obese youngsters. Behaviour Research Therapy, 45(1):1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2006.01.006. google scholar
Gunstad, J., Paul, R. H., Cohen, R. A., Tate, D. F., Spitznagel, M. B. ve Gordon, E. (2007). Elevated body mass index is associated with executive dysfunction in otherwise healthy adults. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 48(1), 57-61. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2006.05.001 google scholar
Haghighi, M., Jahangard, L., Ahmadpanah, M., Bajoghli, H., Holsboer-Trachsler, E. ve Brand, S. (2016). The relation between anxiety and BMI-is it all in our curves?. Psychiatry Research, 235, 49-54. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.12.002 google scholar
Hardikar, S., Höchenberger, R., Villringer, A. ve Ohla, K. (2017). Higher sensitivity to sweet and salty taste in obese compared to lean individuals. Appetite, 111, 158-165. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.12.017 google scholar
Hendrickson, K. L. ve Rasmussen, E. B. (2013). Effects of mindful eating training on delay and probability discounting for food and money in obese and healthy-weight individuals. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51(7), 399-409. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2013.04.002 google scholar
Hendrikse, J. J., Cachia, R. L., Kothe, E. J., McPhie, S., Skouteris, H. ve Hayden, M. J. (2015). Attentional biases for food cues in overweight and individuals with obesity: A systematic review of the literature. Obesity Reviews, 16(5), 424-432. doi: 10.1111/obr.12265 google scholar
Heppner, P. P. ve Petersen, C. H. (1982). The development and implications of a personal problem-solving inventory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 29(1), 66-75. doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.29.1.66 google scholar
Herhaus, B., Kersting, A., Brahler, E. ve Petrowski, K. (2020). Depression, anxiety and health status across different BMI classes: A representative study in Germany. Journal of Affective Disorders, 276, 45-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.020 google scholar
Herz, R. S., Van Reen, E., Gredvig-Ardito, C. A. ve Carskadon, M. A. (2020). Insights into smell and taste sensitivity in normal weight and overweight-obese adolescents. Physiology & Behavior, 221, 112897. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112897 google scholar
Hettema, J. M., Neale, M. C. ve Kendler, K. S. (2001). A review and meta-analysis of the genetic epidemiology of anxiety disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(10), 1568-1578. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.10.1568 google scholar
Husky, M. M., Mazure, C. M., Ruffault, A., Flahault, C. ve Kovess-Masfety, V. (2018). Differential associations between excess body weight and psychiatric disorders in men and women. Journal of Women’s Health, 27(2), 183-190. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2016.6248 google scholar
Jepsen, R., Aadland, E., Andersen, J. R. ve Natvig, G. K. (2013). Associations between physical activity and quality of life outcomes in adults with severe obesity: A cross-sectional study prior to the beginning of a lifestyle intervention. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 11(1), 1-6. doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-11-187 google scholar
Jordan, C. H., Wang, W., Donatoni, L. ve Meier, B. P. (2014). Mindful eating: Trait and state mindfulness predict healthier eating behavior. Personality and Individual Differences, 68, 107-111. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.04.013 google scholar
Jung, S. J., Woo, H. T., Cho, S., Park, K., Jeong, S., Lee, Y. J., Kang, D. ve Shin, A. (2017). Association between body size, weight change and depression: Systematic review and meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 211(1), 14-21. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.116.186726 google scholar
Kelly, T., Yang, W., Chen, C. S., Reynolds, K. ve He, J. (2008). Global burden of obesity in 2005 and projections to 2030. International Journal of Obesity, 32(9), 1431-1437. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2008.102 google scholar
Khan, S. S., Ning, H., Wilkins, J. T., Allen, N., Carnethon, M., Berry, J. D., Sweis, R. N. ve Lloyd-Jones, D. M. (2018). Association of body mass index with lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease and compression of morbidity. JAMA Cardiology, 3(4), 280-287. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2018.0022 google scholar
Koenders, P. G. ve van Strien, T. (2011). Emotional eating, rather than lifestyle behavior, drives weight gain in a prospective study in 1562 employees. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 53(11), 1287-1293. doi:10.1097/JOM.0b013e31823078a2 google scholar
Köse, G. ve Çıplak, M. E. (2020). Does mindful eating have a relationship with gender, body mass index and health promoting lifestyle?. Progress in Nutrition, 22(2), 528-535. doi: 10.23751/ pn.v22i2.9268 google scholar
Köse, G., Tayfur, M., Birincioğlu, İ. ve Dönmez, A. (2016). Yeme Farkındalığı Ölçeği’ni Türkçeye uyarlama çalışması. Bilişsel Davranışçı Psikoterapi ve Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3, 125-134. doi: 10.5455/JCBPR.250644 google scholar
Lazarevich, I., Camacho, M. E. I., del Consuelo Velazquez-Alva, M. ve Zepeda, M. Z. (2016). Relationship among obesity, depression, and emotional eating in young adults. Appetite, 107, 639644. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.09.011 google scholar
Lee, M., Nezu, A. M. ve Nezu, C. M. (2018). Acculturative stress, social problem solving, and depressive symptoms among Korean American immigrants. Transcultural Psychiatry, 55(5), 710729. doi: 10.1177%2F1363461518792734 google scholar
Lillis, J., Hayes, S. C., Bunting, K. ve Masuda, A. (2009). Teaching acceptance and mindfulness to improve the lives of the obese: A preliminary test of a theoretical model. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 37(1), 58-69. doi: 10.1007/s12160-009-9083-x google scholar
Lohmann, A. E., Soldera, S. V., Pimentel, I., Ribnikar, D., Ennis, M., Amir, E. ve Goodwin, P. J. (2021). Association of obesity with breast cancer outcome in relation to cancer subtypes: A meta-analysis. JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 113(11), 1465-1475. doi: 10.1093/jnci/ djab023 google scholar
Lopez Jr, R., Brick, L. A., Defayette, A. B., Whitmyre, E. D., Wolff, J., Frazier, E., Spirito, A. ve Esposito-Smythers, C. (2020). Depressive symptom severity mediates the association between avoidant problem-solving style and suicidal ideation. Journal of affective disorders, 274, 662-670. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.120. google scholar
Luppino, F. S., de Wit, L. M., Bouvy, P. F., Stijnen, T., Cuijpers, P., Penninx, B. W. ve Zitman, F. G. (2010). Overweight, obesity, and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67(3), 220-229. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.2 google scholar
Ma, J., Rosas, L. G., Lv, N., Xiao, L., Snowden, M. B., Venditti, E. M., Lewis, M. A., Goldhaber-Fiebert, J. D. ve Lavori, P. W. (2019). Effect of integrated behavioral weight loss treatment and problem-solving therapy on body mass index and depressive symptoms among patients with obesity and depression: The RAINBOW randomized clinical trial. Jama, 321(9), 869-879. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.0557 google scholar
Ma, S., Xi, B., Yang, L., Sun, J., Zhao, M. ve Bovet, P. (2021). Trends in the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity among Chinese adults between 1993 and 2015. International Journal of Obesity, 45(2), 427-437. doi: 10.1038/s41366-020-00698-x google scholar
McClure, K. S., Nezu, A. M., Nezu, C. M., O’Hea, E. L. ve McMahon, C. (2012). Social problem solving and depression in couples coping with cancer. Psycho-Oncology, 21(1), 11-19. doi: 10.1002/pon.1856 google scholar
McCrea, R. L., Berger, Y. G. ve King, M. B. (2012). Body mass index and common mental disorders: Exploring the shape of the association and its moderation by age, gender and education. International Journal of Obesity, 36(3), 414-421. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2011.65 google scholar
McMurran, M. ve Christopher, G. (2009). Social problem solving, anxiety, and depression in adult male prisoners. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 14(1), 101-107. doi: 10.1348/135532507X267031 google scholar
Monroe, J. T. (2015). Mindful eating: Principles and practice. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 9(3), 217-220. doi: 10.1177/1559827615569682 google scholar
Moor, K. R., Scott, A. J. ve McIntosh, W. D. (2013). Mindful eating and its relationship to body mass index and physical activity among university students. Mindfulness, 4(3), 269-274. doi: 10.1007/ s12671-012-0124-3 google scholar
Murawski, M. E., Milsom, V. A., Ross, K. M., Rickel, K. A., DeBraganza, N., Gibbons, L. M. ve Perri, M. G. (2009). Problem solving, treatment adherence, and weight-loss outcome among women participating in lifestyle treatment for obesity. Eating Behaviors, 10(3), 146-151. doi: 10.1016/j. eatbeh.2009.03.005 google scholar
Nezu, A. M., Nezu, C. M. ve D’Zurilla, T. (2012). Problem-solving therapy: A treatment manual. Springer Publishing Company. google scholar
Nijs, I. M., Franken, I. H. ve Muris, P. (2010). Food-related Stroop interference in obese and normal-weight individuals: Behavioral and electrophysiological indices. Eating Behaviors, 11(4), 258-265. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2010.07.002 google scholar
Ohkuma, T., Hirakawa, Y., Nakamura, U., Kiyohara, Y., Kitazono, T. ve Ninomiya, T. (2015). Association between eating rate and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Obesity, 39(11), 1589-1596. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2015.96 google scholar
Olson, K. L. ve Emery, C. F. (2015). Mindfulness and weight loss: A systematic review. Psychosomatic Medicine, 77(1), 59-67. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000000127 google scholar
Omer, T. (2020). The health and economic impacts of obesity. Advances in Obesity, Weight Management & Control, 10(4), 96-98. doi: 10.15406/aowmc.2020.10.00313 google scholar
Otsuka, R., Tamakoshi, K., Yatsuya, H., Murata, C., Sekiya, A., Wada, K., Zhang, H. M., Matsushita, K., Sugiura, K., Takefuji, S., OuYang, P., Nagasaa, N., Kondo, T., Sasaki, S. ve Toyoshima, H. (2006). Eating fast leads to obesity: Findings based on self-administered questionnaires among middle-aged Japanese men and women. Journal of Epidemiology, 16(3), 117-124. doi: 10.2188/ jea.16.117 google scholar
Özkan, N. ve Bilici, S. (2020). Are anthropometric measurements an indicator of intuitive and mindful eating? Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 26(2), 1-10. doi: 10.1007/s40519-020-00904-9 google scholar
Pabst, S. R., Negriff, S., Dorn, L. D., Susman, E. J. ve Huang, B. (2009). Depression and anxiety in adolescent females: The impact of sleep preference and body mass index. Journal of Adolescent Health, 44(6), 554-560. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.11.012 google scholar
Pereira-Miranda, E., Costa, P. R., Queiroz, V. A., Pereira-Santos, M. ve Santana, M. L. (2017). Overweight and obesity associated with higher depression prevalence in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 36(3), 223-233. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2016.1261053. google scholar
Perri, M. G., Limacher, M. C., Durning, P. E., Janicke, D. M., Lutes, L. D., Bobroff, L. B., Dale, M. S., Daniels, M. J., Radcliff, T. A. ve Martin, A. D. (2008). Extended-care programs for weight management in rural communities: The treatment of obesity in underserved rural settings (TOURS) randomized trial. Archives of Internal Medicine, 168(21), 2347-2354. doi:10.1001/ archinte.168.21.2347 google scholar
Perri, M. G., Nezu, A. M., McKelvey, W. F., Shermer, R. L., Renjilian, D. A. ve Viegener, B. J. (2001). Relapse prevention training and problem-solving therapy in the long-term management of obesity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69(4), 722-726. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.69.4.722 google scholar
Petry, N. M., Barry, D., Pietrzak, R. H. ve Wagner, J. A. (2008). Overweight and obesity are associated with psychiatric disorders: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Psychosomatic Medicine, 70(3), 288-297. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181651651 google scholar
Pettit, G. S., Dodge, K. A. ve Brown, M. M. (1988). Early family experience, social problem solving patterns, and children’s social competence. Child Development, 59(1), 107-120. doi: 10.2307/1130393 google scholar
Pintado-Cucarella, S. ve Rodriguez-Salgado, P (2016). Mindful eating and its relationship with body mass index, binge eating, anxiety and negative affect. Journal of Behavior, Health & Social Issues, 8(2), 19-24. doi: 10.1016/j.jbhsi.2016.11.003 google scholar
Prefit, A. B., Cândea, D. M. ve Szentagotai-Tatar, A. (2019). Emotion regulation across eating pathology: A meta-analysis. Appetite, 143, 104-438. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104438 google scholar
Puhl, R. M. ve Heuer, C. A. (2009). The stigma of obesity: A review and update. Obesity, 17(5), 941964. doi: 10.1038/oby.2008.636 google scholar
Putallaz, M. (1987). Maternal behavior and children’s sociometric status. Child Development, 58(2), 324-340. doi: 10.2307/1130510 google scholar
Rafiei, N. ve Gill, T. (2018). Identification of factors contributing to successful self-directed weight loss: A qualitative study. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 31(3), 329-336. doi: 10.1111/jhn.12522 google scholar
Rajan, T. M. ve Menon, V. (2017). Psychiatric disorders and obesity: A review of association studies. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, 63(3), 182-190. doi: 10.4103/jpgm.JPGM_712_16 google scholar
Reddy, Y. N., Rikhi, A., Obokata, M., Shah, S. J., Lewis, G. D., AbouEzzedine, O. F., Dunlay, S., McNulty, S., Chakraborty, H., Stevenson, L. W., Redfield, M. M. ve Borlaug, B. A. (2020). Quality of life in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: Importance of obesity, functional capacity, and physical inactivity. European Journal of Heart Failure, 22(6), 1009-1018. doi: 10.1002. ejhf.1788 google scholar
Samanic, C., Chow, W. H., Gridley, G., Jarvholm, B. ve Fraumeni, J. F. (2006). Relation of body mass index to cancer risk in 362,552 Swedish men. Cancer Causes & Control, 17(7), 901-909. doi: 10.1007/s10552-006-0023-9 google scholar
Sareen, J., Cox, B. J., Clara, I. ve Asmundson, G. J. (2005). The relationship between anxiety disorders and physical disorders in the US National Comorbidity Survey. Depression and Anxiety, 21(4), 193-202. doi: 10.1002/da.20072 google scholar
Sareen, J., Jacobi, F., Cox, B. J., Belik, S. L., Clara, I. ve Stein, M. B. (2006). Disability and poor quality of life associated with comorbid anxiety disorders and physical conditions. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(19), 2109-2116. doi:10.1001/archinte.166.19.2109 google scholar
Satman, I., Omer, B., Tutuncu, Y., Kalaca, S., Gedik, S., Dinccag, N., Karsidag, K., Genc, S., Telci, A., Canbaz, B., Turker, F., Yilmaz, T., Cakir, B. ve Tuomilehto, J. (2013). Twelve-year trends in the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and prediabetes in Turkish adults. European Journal of Epidemiology, 28(2), 169-180. doi: 10.1007/s10654-013-9771-5 google scholar
Schafer, J. Ö., Naumann, E., Holmes, E. A., Tuschen-Caffier, B. ve Samson, A. C. (2017). Emotion regulation strategies in depressive and anxiety symptoms in youth: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46(2), 261-276. doi: 10.1007/s10964-016-0585-0 google scholar
Scott, K. M., Bruffaerts, R., Simon, G. E., Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M., De Girolamo, G., Demyttenaere, K., Gasquet, I., Haro, J. M., Karam, E., Kessler, R. C., Levinson, D., Öedina Mora, M. E., Oakley Browne, M. A., Ormel, J., Villa, J. P., Uda, H. ve Von Korff, M. (2008a). Obesity and mental disorders in the general population: Results from the world mental health surveys. International Journal of Obesity, 32(1), 192-200. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803701 google scholar
Scott, K. M., McGee, M. A., Wells, J. E. ve Browne, M. A. O. (2008b). Obesity and mental disorders in the adult general population. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 64(1), 97-105. doi: 10.1016/j. jpsychores.2007.09.006 google scholar
Sharafi, S. E., Garmaroudi, G., Ghafouri, M., Bafghi, S. A., Ghafouri, M., Tabesh, M. R. ve Alizadeh, Z. (2020). Prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with overweight and obesity. Obesity Medicine, 17, 100169. doi:10.1016/j.obmed.2019.100169 google scholar
Siu, A. M. ve Shek, D. T. (2010). Social problem solving as a predictor of well-being in adolescents and young adults. Social Indicators Research, 95(3), 393-406. doi: 10.1007/s11205-009-9527-5 google scholar
Stunkard, A. J., Faith, M. S. ve Allison, K. C. (2003). Depression and obesity. Biological Psychiatry, 54(3), 330-337. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3223(03)00608-5 google scholar
Swanson, H., Power, K., Collin, P., Deas, S., Paterson, G., Grierson, D., Yellowless, A., Park, K. ve Taylor, L. (2010). The relationship between parental bonding, social problem solving and eating pathology in an anorexic inpatient sample. European Eating Disorders Review: The Professional Journal of the Eating Disorders Association, 18(1), 22-32. doi: 10.1002/erv.967 google scholar
Şahin, N., Şahin, N. H. ve Heppner, P. P. (1993). Psychometric properties of the problem solving inventory in a group of Turkish university students. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 17(4), 379396. doi: 10.1007/BF01177661 google scholar
Tapper, K. ve Seguias, L. (2020). The effects of mindful eating on food consumption over a half-day period. Appetite, 145, 104495. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104495 google scholar
Tapper, K., Shaw, C., Ilsley, J., Hill, A. J., Bond, F. W. ve Moore, L. (2009). Exploratory randomised controlled trial of a mindfulness-based weight loss intervention for women. Appetite, 52(2), 396404. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2008.11.012 google scholar
T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı (2019). Türkiye beslenme ve sağlık araştırması (yayın no: 1132) . Tiraj Basım. google scholar
van Strien, T., Konttinen, H., Homberg, J.R., Engels, R.C. ve Winkens, L,H. (2016). Emotional eating as a mediator between depression and weight gain. Appetite, 1(100), 216-24. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.02.034. google scholar
Vorontsova, N., Garety, P. ve Freeman, D. (2018). Schematic beliefs and problem solving performance predict depression in people experiencing persecutory delusions. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 100, 5-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.02.010 google scholar
Walley, A. J., Asher, J. E. ve Froguel, P. (2009). The genetic contribution to non-syndromic human obesity. Nature Reviews Genetics, 10(7), 431-442. doi: 10.1038/nrg2594 google scholar
Warren, J. M., Smith, N. ve Ashwell, M. (2017). A structured literature review on the role of mindfulness, mindful eating and intuitive eating in changing eating behaviours: Effectiveness and associated potential mechanisms. Nutrition Research Reviews, 30(2), 272-283. doi: 10.1017/S0954422417000154 google scholar
Wilborn, C., Beckham, J., Campbell, B., Harvey, T., Galbreath, M., La Bounty, P., Nassar, E., Wismann, J. ve Kreider, R. (2005). Obesity: Prevalence, theories, medical consequences, management, and research directions. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2(2), 1-28. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-2-2-4 google scholar
Williams, E. P., Mesidor, M., Winters, K., Dubbert, P. M. ve Wyatt, S. B. (2015). Overweight and obesity: prevalence, consequences, and causes of a growing public health problem. Current obesity reports, 4(3), 363-370. doi: 10.1007/s13679-015-0169-4 google scholar
Wing, R. R. (2004). Behavioral approaches to the treatment of obesity. Bray, G. A. ve Bouchard, C. (Ed.), Handbook of obesity: Clinical applications (2.baskı) içinde (s. 147-167.). Marcel Dekker, Inc. google scholar
Xue, R., Li, Q., Geng, Y., Wang, H., Wang, F. ve Zhang, S. (2021). Abdominal obesity and risk of CVD: A dose-response meta-analysis of thirty-one prospective studies. British Journal of Nutrition, 126(9), 1420-1430. doi: 10.1017/S0007114521000064 google scholar
Yıldız, A. G. M. ve Eldeleklioğlu, J. (2019). Üniversite öğrencilerinin depresyon düzeylerinin ruminasyon ve problem çözme becerileriyle ilişkisi. Kalem Uluslararası Eğitim ve İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(16), 27-46. doi: 10.23863/kalem.2018.97 google scholar
Yu, Y., Sereika, S. M., Finegold, D. N. ve Burke, L. E. (2020). Problem-solving, adherence to lifestyle goals, and weight loss among individuals participating in a weight loss study. International Journal ofBehavioral Medicine, 28(3) 1-9. doi: 10.1007/s12529-020-09922-4 google scholar
Zhao, G., Ford, E., Dhingra, S. Li, C., Strine, T.W. ve Mokdad, A.H. (2009) Depression and anxiety among US adults: Associations with body mass index. International Journal of Obesity, 33, 257266. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2008.268 google scholar
Zigmond, A. S. ve Snaith, R. P. (1983). The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67(6), 361-370. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x google scholar

Toplam 131 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Bölüm	Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar	Gamze Kılıç 0000-0002-0315-3980 Belemir Şule Samar 0000-0001-5406-4411 Koray Akkuş Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-3769-1306 Günay Serap Tekinsav Sütcü 0000-0001-8653-6436
Yayımlanma Tarihi	31 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi	10 Nisan 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2022 Cilt: 42 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA	Kılıç, G., Samar, B. Ş., Akkuş, K., Tekinsav Sütcü, G. S. (2022). Beden Kitle İndeksindeki Artış ile Yeme Farkındalığı, Problem Çözme Becerileri ve Duygudurum Belirtileri Arasındaki İlişkilerin İncelenmesi. Psikoloji Çalışmaları, 42(3), 611-642. https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2022-912407
AMA	Kılıç G, Samar BŞ, Akkuş K, Tekinsav Sütcü GS. Beden Kitle İndeksindeki Artış ile Yeme Farkındalığı, Problem Çözme Becerileri ve Duygudurum Belirtileri Arasındaki İlişkilerin İncelenmesi. Psikoloji Çalışmaları. Aralık 2022;42(3):611-642. doi:10.26650/SP2022-912407
Chicago	Kılıç, Gamze, Belemir Şule Samar, Koray Akkuş, ve Günay Serap Tekinsav Sütcü. “Beden Kitle İndeksindeki Artış Ile Yeme Farkındalığı, Problem Çözme Becerileri Ve Duygudurum Belirtileri Arasındaki İlişkilerin İncelenmesi”. Psikoloji Çalışmaları 42, sy. 3 (Aralık 2022): 611-42. https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2022-912407.
EndNote	Kılıç G, Samar BŞ, Akkuş K, Tekinsav Sütcü GS (01 Aralık 2022) Beden Kitle İndeksindeki Artış ile Yeme Farkındalığı, Problem Çözme Becerileri ve Duygudurum Belirtileri Arasındaki İlişkilerin İncelenmesi. Psikoloji Çalışmaları 42 3 611–642.
IEEE	G. Kılıç, B. Ş. Samar, K. Akkuş, ve G. S. Tekinsav Sütcü, “Beden Kitle İndeksindeki Artış ile Yeme Farkındalığı, Problem Çözme Becerileri ve Duygudurum Belirtileri Arasındaki İlişkilerin İncelenmesi”, Psikoloji Çalışmaları, c. 42, sy. 3, ss. 611–642, 2022, doi: 10.26650/SP2022-912407.
ISNAD	Kılıç, Gamze vd. “Beden Kitle İndeksindeki Artış Ile Yeme Farkındalığı, Problem Çözme Becerileri Ve Duygudurum Belirtileri Arasındaki İlişkilerin İncelenmesi”. Psikoloji Çalışmaları 42/3 (Aralık 2022), 611-642. https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2022-912407.
JAMA	Kılıç G, Samar BŞ, Akkuş K, Tekinsav Sütcü GS. Beden Kitle İndeksindeki Artış ile Yeme Farkındalığı, Problem Çözme Becerileri ve Duygudurum Belirtileri Arasındaki İlişkilerin İncelenmesi. Psikoloji Çalışmaları. 2022;42:611–642.
MLA	Kılıç, Gamze vd. “Beden Kitle İndeksindeki Artış Ile Yeme Farkındalığı, Problem Çözme Becerileri Ve Duygudurum Belirtileri Arasındaki İlişkilerin İncelenmesi”. Psikoloji Çalışmaları, c. 42, sy. 3, 2022, ss. 611-42, doi:10.26650/SP2022-912407.
Vancouver	Kılıç G, Samar BŞ, Akkuş K, Tekinsav Sütcü GS. Beden Kitle İndeksindeki Artış ile Yeme Farkındalığı, Problem Çözme Becerileri ve Duygudurum Belirtileri Arasındaki İlişkilerin İncelenmesi. Psikoloji Çalışmaları. 2022;42(3):611-42.

Kapak Resmi İndir

Makale Dosyaları

Tam Metin

Psikoloji Çalışmaları / Studies In Psychology / ISSN- 1304-4680