Dilbilimsel Tipoloji Ve Arapçanın Dünya Dilleri Arasındaki Yeri

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 42, 35 - 52, 28.04.2023

Ahmet Şen , Soner Akdağ

Öz

Dilbilimin önemli disiplinlerinden biri olan dilbilimsel tipoloji, dilleri birçok açıdan inceleyip sınıflandıran bir bilimdir. Dillerin daha çok yapısal özelliklerine odaklanan tipoloji, belirlediği bazı parametrelerle dilleri incelemekte ve diller arasındaki farklılık ve benzerlikleri incelemektedir. Bu açıdan Arapça tipolojik araştırmalara konu olan yaşayan dillerden biridir.
Bu araştırmada önce dilbilimsel tipoloji genel hatlarıyla tanımlanmış, sonra da Arapçanın çeşitli açılardan dünya dilleri arasındaki yeri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın son kısmında ise Arapçanın bazı önemli tipolojik özellikleri ele alınmış ve dâhil olduğu filumun Nostratik olması, içinde bulunduğu dil ailesinin Afro-Asyatik olması, bünyesinde yer aldığı dil grubunun Semitik olması, ana dili konuşurlarının nüfusu açısından dünyanın en büyük ilk 4 dili arasında yer alması v.b. gibi ulaşılan bulgular, sonuç bölümünde listelenmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dilbilim, Tipoloji, Arapça, Semitik, Nostratik

Linguistic Typology and Arabic’s Place Among World Languages

Öz

As one of the most important disciplines of today, linguistic typology is a science that examines and classifies languages through many aspects. Typology focuses more on the structural features of languages and examines languages withing certain parameters to determine and reveal the differences and similarities between languages. In this respect, Arabic is one of the most important living languages and occurs here as the subject of typological research.
This research will define linguistic typology in general terms and then attempt to reveal Arabic’s place among the world languages with regard to various aspects. The last part of the study will discuss some important typological features of Arabic and list the findings in the conclusion section. Some of the findings are that Arabic’s phylum is included in the Nostratic languages, that Arabic’s language family is Afro-Asiatic and language group is Semitic, and that Arabic is among the top 4 languages of the world in terms of the population of native speakers.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Linguistics, Typology, Arabic, Semitic, Nostratic

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