Araştırma Makalesi
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Land Registration in Former Ottoman Lands: Salonica and its Environs 1917-1922

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 1, 33 - 60, 30.06.2022

Öz

Due to the pressure of migration and to solve the question of landless farmers, the Venizelos administration passed a Land Reform in 1917. It also offered the government a chance to secure its rights on the former Ottoman lands in Thessaly. According to the new law, one-fifth of the çiftliks shall be national property. The law further provides that the Greek Government is authorized to expropriate çiftliks at their pre-WWI value. While the lands of the Ottoman subjects absent from Greece were sequestered, British subjects applied British authorities to support their cases. Depending on British documents, this study first claims diverse issues such as the influence of Britain in Greece following WWI, the operations of the British legations in the region, the post-Ottoman statue of old çiftliks, the Levantine presence in the region, and land values in postwar Salonica constituting a single pattern that represents the transition from the empire to nation-states. Second, the study aims to expose how Britain, besides its military presence, tried to protect its economic interests in the region.

Proje Numarası

2219

Kaynakça

  • İngiltere Dışişleri Bakanlığı Arşivi (FO) FO, 286/741.
  • FO, 286/670.
  • FO 286/713.
  • Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA) BOA, MVL, 538/26.
  • TFR.1.SL. 160/15986.
  • TFR.1.ŞKT. 136/13525.
  • DH.MKT. 2745/67.
  • MV. 163/23.
  • The Edinburgh Gazette The London Gazette
  • Dölen, Emre. Türkiye Üniversite Tarihi 1 - Osmanlı Döneminde Darülfünun (1863-1922). İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, 2009.
  • Amara, Noureddine. “Les Nationalités de Amina Hanım. Une Pétition d’Hérédite à la France (1896-1830),”
  • Revue des Mondes Musulmans et de la Méditerranée 137 (2015): 49-72.
  • Aroni-Tsichli, Kaiti. “The Agrarian Question: The Agrarian Movement and Issues of Land Ownership in Greece, 1821-1923,” Martor 19 (2014): 43-62.
  • Bell, John D. Peasants in Power: Alexander Stamboliski and the Bulgarian Agrarian National Union 1899- 1923. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1977.
  • Criss, Nur Bilge. İşgal Altında İstanbul, 1918-1923. İstanbul: İletişim, 1993.
  • de Groot, Alexander H. “The Historical Development of the Capitulatory Regime in the Ottoman Middle East from the Fifteenth to the Nineteenth Centuries.” Oriente Moderno, Nuova Serie 22 (83), no. 3, The Ottoman Capitulations: Text and Context (2003): 575-604.
  • Dimakis, Angelis. “The Agrarian Cooperatives and the Policy of the Greek Governments: From the Enactment of the Law of 1914 Until the Establishment of the Compulsory Cooperatives.” Rural History 2013: International Conference of the European Rural History Organization, 19-22 August 2013, University of Bern: 3.
  • Glavinas, Ioannis. “The Perception of the Muslim Minority in Greece in Greek and Bulgarian policy and Strategy, 1912-1923.” Études Balkaniques 4 (2005): 157-172.
  • Gounaris, Basil C. “Doing Business in Macedonia: Greek Problems in British Perspective (1912-1921).”
  • European Review of History: Revue Européene d’Histoire 5, No: 2 (1998): 169-180.
  • İnalcık, Halil. “The Ottoman Decline and its Effects on the Reaya.” II ème Congrès International des Études du Sud-Est Européen, Athénes, 7-13 Mai 1970: 19.
  • Karakaya, Ali. İşgal Altında İstanbul. İstanbul: İnkılap, 2016.
  • MacArthur-Seal, Daniel-Joseph. “Resurrecting Legal Extraterritoriality in Occupied Istanbul, 1918-1923.”
  • Middle Eastern Studies 54, No: 5 (2018): 769-787.
  • Mazower, Mark. Salonica, City of Ghosts: Christians, Muslims and Jews 1430-1950. New York: Random House, 2004.
  • Molho, Rena. “Popular Antisemitism and State Policy in Salonika during the City’s Annexation to Greece.”
  • Jewish Social Studies 50, No. ¾ (1993): 253-264.
  • Lafi, Nora. “The Municipality of Salonica between Old Regime, the Ottoman Reforms and the Transition from Empire to Nation State.” Thessaloniki: A City in Transition (1912-2012). (ed.) Dimitris Keridis, John Brady Kiesling. London: Routledge, 2020: 81-94.
  • Lojko, Miklos. “The Age of Illusion? The Department of Overseas Trade Between the Two World Wars: Three Case Studies.” The Foreign Office, Commerce and British Foreign Policy in the Twentieth Century. (ed.) John Fisher, Effie G. H. Pedaliu, Richard Smith. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016: 115-140.
  • Schabas, William: “Nikolaos Politis and the Earliest Negotiation to Establish an International Criminal Court.” (ed.) Jacque v.dğr., On the International Community: Legal, Political, Diplomatic Issues, Liber Amicorum Stelios Perrakis, Athens: I. Sideris 2017: 167-177.
  • Smith, Michael Llewellyn. Ionian Vision: Greece in Asia Minor, 1919-1922. London: Allen Lane 1973.
  • Vlami, Despina. “Entrepreneurship and Relational Capital in a Levantine Context: Bartholomew Edward Abbott, the “Father of the Levant Company” Thessaloniki (Eighteenth-Nineteenth Centuries).” The Historical Review / La Revue Historique VI, Institute for Neohellenic Research (2009): 129-164.
  • Alexandra Yerolympos. “A New City for a New State: City Planning and the Formation of National Identity in the Balkans (1820s-1920s).” Planning Perspectives 8, Sayı: 3 (1993): 233-257.
  • Zarinebaf, Fariba. “Soldiers into Tax-Farmers and Reaya into Sharecroppers: The Ottoman Morea in the Early Ottoman Period.” Hesperia Supplements 34, A Historical and Economic Geography of Ottoman Greece (2005): 9-48.

Eski Osmanlı Topraklarında Mülkiyet Davaları: Selanik 1917-1922

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 1, 33 - 60, 30.06.2022

Öz

Bu çalışma Balkan Savaşları sonucunda bölgenin Yunan Devleti hakimiyetine giren Selanik ve çevresinde yaşanan mülkiyet sorunlarını inceliyor. Makale genel olarak 1917’de Venizelos Hükümeti’nin hem topraksız köylülere toprak verip hem de Osmanlı’dan kalan toprakların millileştirilmesi amacıyla uygulamaya koyduğu toprak reformunun sonuçlarını irdeliyor. Yunan Hükümeti bu kararla Osmanlı vatandaşlarının mülklerinin müsadere edildiğini açıklarken, geri kalan arazilerin ise beşte birinin kamulaştırıldığını ilan ederken, karşısına Osmanlı döneminde mülk sahibi olmuş İngiliz vatandaşlarının şikayetleri çıkıyor. Söz konusu İngiliz vatandaşları, Birinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasında bölgedeki en önemli güç olan İngiltere’nin İstanbul’dan Malta’ya uzanan egemenliğine güveniyor ve davalarını savunması için İngiliz temsilciliklerine başvuruyor. Büyük ölçüde sözü geçen dava kayıtlarına dayanan bu çalışma ilk olarak, savaş sonrasında İngiltere’nin Yunanistan üzerindeki nüfuzu, İngiliz temsilciliklerinin çalışma biçimi, Osmanlı’dan sonra uzun bir süredir bölgede hâkim toprak rejimi olan çiftliklerin statüsü, bölgedeki Levanten yatırımları ve Selanik’teki arsa rantı gibi birbirinden farklı görünen konuların Osmanlı’dan ulus-devlete geçiş açısından belirli bir örüntünün parçaları olduğunu iddia ediyor. İkinci olarak ise savaş sonrasında İngiltere’nin bölgede en az askeri varlığı kadar ekonomik çıkarlarını da nasıl koruduğuna dikkati çekiyor.

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK

Proje Numarası

2219

Kaynakça

  • İngiltere Dışişleri Bakanlığı Arşivi (FO) FO, 286/741.
  • FO, 286/670.
  • FO 286/713.
  • Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA) BOA, MVL, 538/26.
  • TFR.1.SL. 160/15986.
  • TFR.1.ŞKT. 136/13525.
  • DH.MKT. 2745/67.
  • MV. 163/23.
  • The Edinburgh Gazette The London Gazette
  • Dölen, Emre. Türkiye Üniversite Tarihi 1 - Osmanlı Döneminde Darülfünun (1863-1922). İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, 2009.
  • Amara, Noureddine. “Les Nationalités de Amina Hanım. Une Pétition d’Hérédite à la France (1896-1830),”
  • Revue des Mondes Musulmans et de la Méditerranée 137 (2015): 49-72.
  • Aroni-Tsichli, Kaiti. “The Agrarian Question: The Agrarian Movement and Issues of Land Ownership in Greece, 1821-1923,” Martor 19 (2014): 43-62.
  • Bell, John D. Peasants in Power: Alexander Stamboliski and the Bulgarian Agrarian National Union 1899- 1923. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1977.
  • Criss, Nur Bilge. İşgal Altında İstanbul, 1918-1923. İstanbul: İletişim, 1993.
  • de Groot, Alexander H. “The Historical Development of the Capitulatory Regime in the Ottoman Middle East from the Fifteenth to the Nineteenth Centuries.” Oriente Moderno, Nuova Serie 22 (83), no. 3, The Ottoman Capitulations: Text and Context (2003): 575-604.
  • Dimakis, Angelis. “The Agrarian Cooperatives and the Policy of the Greek Governments: From the Enactment of the Law of 1914 Until the Establishment of the Compulsory Cooperatives.” Rural History 2013: International Conference of the European Rural History Organization, 19-22 August 2013, University of Bern: 3.
  • Glavinas, Ioannis. “The Perception of the Muslim Minority in Greece in Greek and Bulgarian policy and Strategy, 1912-1923.” Études Balkaniques 4 (2005): 157-172.
  • Gounaris, Basil C. “Doing Business in Macedonia: Greek Problems in British Perspective (1912-1921).”
  • European Review of History: Revue Européene d’Histoire 5, No: 2 (1998): 169-180.
  • İnalcık, Halil. “The Ottoman Decline and its Effects on the Reaya.” II ème Congrès International des Études du Sud-Est Européen, Athénes, 7-13 Mai 1970: 19.
  • Karakaya, Ali. İşgal Altında İstanbul. İstanbul: İnkılap, 2016.
  • MacArthur-Seal, Daniel-Joseph. “Resurrecting Legal Extraterritoriality in Occupied Istanbul, 1918-1923.”
  • Middle Eastern Studies 54, No: 5 (2018): 769-787.
  • Mazower, Mark. Salonica, City of Ghosts: Christians, Muslims and Jews 1430-1950. New York: Random House, 2004.
  • Molho, Rena. “Popular Antisemitism and State Policy in Salonika during the City’s Annexation to Greece.”
  • Jewish Social Studies 50, No. ¾ (1993): 253-264.
  • Lafi, Nora. “The Municipality of Salonica between Old Regime, the Ottoman Reforms and the Transition from Empire to Nation State.” Thessaloniki: A City in Transition (1912-2012). (ed.) Dimitris Keridis, John Brady Kiesling. London: Routledge, 2020: 81-94.
  • Lojko, Miklos. “The Age of Illusion? The Department of Overseas Trade Between the Two World Wars: Three Case Studies.” The Foreign Office, Commerce and British Foreign Policy in the Twentieth Century. (ed.) John Fisher, Effie G. H. Pedaliu, Richard Smith. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016: 115-140.
  • Schabas, William: “Nikolaos Politis and the Earliest Negotiation to Establish an International Criminal Court.” (ed.) Jacque v.dğr., On the International Community: Legal, Political, Diplomatic Issues, Liber Amicorum Stelios Perrakis, Athens: I. Sideris 2017: 167-177.
  • Smith, Michael Llewellyn. Ionian Vision: Greece in Asia Minor, 1919-1922. London: Allen Lane 1973.
  • Vlami, Despina. “Entrepreneurship and Relational Capital in a Levantine Context: Bartholomew Edward Abbott, the “Father of the Levant Company” Thessaloniki (Eighteenth-Nineteenth Centuries).” The Historical Review / La Revue Historique VI, Institute for Neohellenic Research (2009): 129-164.
  • Alexandra Yerolympos. “A New City for a New State: City Planning and the Formation of National Identity in the Balkans (1820s-1920s).” Planning Perspectives 8, Sayı: 3 (1993): 233-257.
  • Zarinebaf, Fariba. “Soldiers into Tax-Farmers and Reaya into Sharecroppers: The Ottoman Morea in the Early Ottoman Period.” Hesperia Supplements 34, A Historical and Economic Geography of Ottoman Greece (2005): 9-48.
Toplam 34 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Can Eyüp Çekiç

Proje Numarası 2219
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 32 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Çekiç, C. E. (2022). Eski Osmanlı Topraklarında Mülkiyet Davaları: Selanik 1917-1922. Türkiyat Mecmuası, 32(1), 33-60.
AMA Çekiç CE. Eski Osmanlı Topraklarında Mülkiyet Davaları: Selanik 1917-1922. Türkiyat Mecmuası. Haziran 2022;32(1):33-60.
Chicago Çekiç, Can Eyüp. “Eski Osmanlı Topraklarında Mülkiyet Davaları: Selanik 1917-1922”. Türkiyat Mecmuası 32, sy. 1 (Haziran 2022): 33-60.
EndNote Çekiç CE (01 Haziran 2022) Eski Osmanlı Topraklarında Mülkiyet Davaları: Selanik 1917-1922. Türkiyat Mecmuası 32 1 33–60.
IEEE C. E. Çekiç, “Eski Osmanlı Topraklarında Mülkiyet Davaları: Selanik 1917-1922”, Türkiyat Mecmuası, c. 32, sy. 1, ss. 33–60, 2022.
ISNAD Çekiç, Can Eyüp. “Eski Osmanlı Topraklarında Mülkiyet Davaları: Selanik 1917-1922”. Türkiyat Mecmuası 32/1 (Haziran 2022), 33-60.
JAMA Çekiç CE. Eski Osmanlı Topraklarında Mülkiyet Davaları: Selanik 1917-1922. Türkiyat Mecmuası. 2022;32:33–60.
MLA Çekiç, Can Eyüp. “Eski Osmanlı Topraklarında Mülkiyet Davaları: Selanik 1917-1922”. Türkiyat Mecmuası, c. 32, sy. 1, 2022, ss. 33-60.
Vancouver Çekiç CE. Eski Osmanlı Topraklarında Mülkiyet Davaları: Selanik 1917-1922. Türkiyat Mecmuası. 2022;32(1):33-60.