Bitki Fungal Hastalıkları ile Biyolojik Savaşımda Yeni Yaklaşımlar: Fungal Virüsler

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 33 - 48, 30.04.2019

Çiğdem Özkan Kahraman , Figen Yıldız

Öz

Fungal
virüsler diğer adıyla mikovirüsler bitki patojeni funguslarda yaygın olarak
bulunan obligat parazitlerdir. Mikovirüslerin çoğunluğu dsRNA genomuna sahip
olmakla birlikte, DNA genomuna sahip mikovirüsler ile ilgili çalışmalar da
bulunmaktadır. Mikovirüsler, fungal hücre içerisinde hücre birleşmesi
(anastomosis), hücre bölünmesi veya eşeyli-eşeysiz fungal yapılar sayesinde
yayılış göstermektedir. Enfeksiyon için hücre dışı taşınmadan yoksun olan
mikovirüsler konukçusunda fenotipik değişikliklere neden olmakta, virulensliği
arttırmakta ya da azaltmaktadır. Özellikle virulensliği azaltma (hipovirulenslik)
etkisi nedeniyle, mikovirüsleri biyolojik mücadelede kullanmak mümkün
olabilmektedir. Ülkemizde ve dünyada yapılan çalışmalarda bazı önemli fungal
patojenlerde pek çok mikovirüs saptanmış ve biyolojik mücadelede
kullanılmıştır. Yapılacak çalışmalarda mikovirüslerin yapısal analizleri,
virüsün fonksiyonunun ve evriminin daha iyi anlaşılmasını sağlayacaktır.
Mikovirüsler ve bitki patojeni funguslar arasındaki etkileşimi anlamak, onların
bitki hastalıklarında biyolojik mücadelede kullanım olanaklarını
geliştirebilmek için kaçınılmazdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mikovirüs, dsRNA, hipovirulenslik

Kaynakça

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