Frekans Oranı ve Shannon Entropisi Yöntemi Kullanarak Ezine Çayı Havzası Taşkın Duyarlılık Analizi (Kastamonu-Bozkurt)

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 11, 160 - 178, 15.10.2023

Mustafa Utlu

https://doi.org/10.46453/jader.1358845

Cited By: 3

Öz

Taşkın olayları, Türkiye’de özellikle Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde yoğun bir şekilde meydana gelen doğal afetlerin başında gelmektedir. Ekstrem yağışlar, Karadeniz Bölgesi akarsu havzalarında, suların ani bir şekilde yüzeysel akışa geçmesi neticesinde taşkın afetinin yaşanmasında etkili olur. Kastamonu Bozkurt sınırları içerisinde yer alan Ezine Çayı havzası da bu taşkın afetinin gerçekleştiği sahalardan biridir. Dar ve derin vadilerde kısıtlı yerleşim alanlarının varlığı ve taşkın yatağı sınırları içerisinde olması nedeniyle, taşkına duyarlı alanların tespit edilmesi kritik önem taşımaktadır. Coğrafi bilgi sistemleri (CBS) bu amaçla taşkına duyarlı sahaların tespit edilmesinde büyük rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmada da taşkın duyarlılığının tespit edilmesi amacıyla CBS temelli iki farklı istatistik yöntem kullanılmıştır. Frekans oranı (FR) ve Shannon Entropisi (SE) yöntemi taşkın duyarlılıkların üretilmesinde tercih edilen yöntemlerdir. Taşkın duyarlılık analizlerinin gerçekleştirilmesinde, Sayısal Yükselti Modeli (SYM), Eğim, Bakı, normalize edilmiş bitki örtüsü indeksi (NDVI), Arazi kullanımı, Topografik nemlilik indeksi (TWI), Akarsu aşındırma gücü (SPI), Jeomorfoloji, Normalize edilmiş yerleşim alan indeksi (NDBI), plan eğrisellik, akarsuya mesafe, drenaj yoğunluğu kullanılan parametrelerdir. 2021 yılı ağustos ayı taşkın yayılış alanı verileri dikkate alınarak oluşturulan envanter verisi, çalışmada yapılan analizlerin doğruluğu için tercih edilmiş, bu analiz için alıcı işletim karakteristiği (ROC) eğrisi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre iki değişkenli istatistik olan frekans oranı yöntemi %.0,976 ile daha yüksek sonuç vermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Taşkın duyarlılık analizi, Ezine Çayı Havzası, Frekans Oranı, Shannon Entropisi

Flood Susceptibility Analysis of the Ezine River Basin (Kastamonu-Bozkurt) Using Frequency Ratio and Shannon Entropy Method

Öz

Taşkın olayları, Türkiye’de özellikle Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde yoğun bir şekilde meydana gelen doğal afetlerin başında gelmektedir. Ekstrem yağışlar, Karadeniz Bölgesi akarsu havzalarında, suların ani bir şekilde yüzeysel akışa geçmesi neticesinde taşkın afetinin yaşanmasında etkili olur. Kastamonu Bozkurt sınırları içerisinde yer alan Ezine Çayı havzası da bu taşkın afetinin gerçekleştiği sahalardan biridir. Dar ve derin vadilerde kısıtlı yerleşim alanlarının varlığı ve taşkın yatağı sınırları içerisinde olması nedeniyle, taşkına duyarlı alanların tespit edilmesi kritik önem taşımaktadır. Coğrafi bilgi sistemleri (CBS) bu amaçla taşkına duyarlı sahaların tespit edilmesinde büyük rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmada da taşkın duyarlılığının tespit edilmesi amacıyla CBS temelli iki farklı istatistik yöntem kullanılmıştır. Frekans oranı (FR) ve Shannon Entropisi (SE) yöntemi taşkın duyarlılıkların üretilmesinde tercih edilen yöntemlerdir. Taşkın duyarlılık analizlerinin gerçekleştirilmesinde, Sayısal Yükselti Modeli (SYM), Eğim, Bakı, normalize edilmiş bitki örtüsü indeksi (NDVI), Arazi kullanımı, Topografik nemlilik indeksi (TWI), Akarsu aşındırma gücü (SPI), Jeomorfoloji, Normalize edilmiş yerleşim alan indeksi (NDBI), plan eğrisellik, akarsuya mesafe, drenaj yoğunluğu kullanılan parametrelerdir. 2021 yılı ağustos ayı taşkın yayılış alanı verileri dikkate alınarak oluşturulan envanter verisi, çalışmada yapılan analizlerin doğruluğu için tercih edilmiş, bu analiz için alıcı işletim karakteristiği (ROC) eğrisi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre iki değişkenli istatistik olan frekans oranı yöntemi %.0,976 ile daha yüksek sonuç vermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Flood Susceptibility Analysis, Ezine River Basin, Frequency Ratio, Shannon’s Entropy

Kaynakça

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