Anthropo-Geomorphological Analysis Of Changes in The Coastline Between Karaburun and Kumköy (Istanbul) Using DSAS Tool

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 14, 48 - 73

Murat Uzun

https://doi.org/10.46453/jader.1621372

Öz

Anthropogenic conditions affecting coastal units, elements, dynamics, speed and processes directly and indirectly affect changes in coastal geomorphology in linear and spatial terms. In this study, the coastline between Karaburun and Kumköy, which is located on the Black Sea coast of Istanbul and has undergone major changes due to mining activities, was examined with an anthropo-geomorphological approach and the use of the Digital Coastline Analysis System (DSAS) tool. Orthophoto of 1970 and Landsat satellite images of 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020 and 2023 from USGS were used in the study. Coastlines were generated manually from orthophotos and using the Normalised Difference Water Index (NDWI) and threshold method from satellite images. Linear analyses were then performed on the shorelines using the NSM, SCE, EPR and LRR statistics in the DSAS tool. After the linear analyses, areal analyses were performed and the origin of the change was classified as natural and anthropogenic. The analyses were first performed on 12 different shorelines between 1970-2023. Then, linear and areal analyses were applied over consecutive periods in order to reveal coastal changes periodically. As a result of the study, linear and areal changes were examined in periods, and the intensity of change on the coast was examined in an anthropo-geomorphological context by grid analysis. From the findings obtained, it was determined that the length of the coastline increased from 36.4 km in 1970 to 42.5 km in 2023, and the structure of the indentation and protrusion varied periodically. Periodically, it was determined that the shoreline advanced by 998 m at the highest (1990-1995) and receded by -1314 m (1995-2000). It was determined that the intensity of anthropogenic geomorphological change is very high in 73% of the entire coastal zone in the study area.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Coastal changes, Anthropo-geomorphology, DSAS, Remote Sensing, Istanbul.

Karaburun – Kumköy (İstanbul) Arası Kıyı Şeridinde Meydana Gelen Değişimlerin DSAS Aracı İle Antropo-Jeomorfolojik Analizi

Öz

Kıyı birimleri, unsurları, dinamikleri, hızı ve süreçlerine etki eden antropojenik koşullar, çizgisel ve alansal olarak kıyı jeomorfolojisinde değişimlere doğrudan ve dolaylı olarak etki etmektedir. Belirtilen kapsamda bu çalışmada, İstanbul’un Karadeniz kıyısında yer alan ve madencilik faaliyetleri ile büyük değişimlere uğrayan Karaburun-Kumköy arası kıyı şeridi antropo-jeomorfolojik yaklaşım ve Sayısal Kıyı Çizigisi Analiz Sistemi (DSAS) aracının kullanımı ile incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, 1970 yılına ait ortofoto, USGS’den alınan 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020 ve 2023 yıllarına ait Landsat uydu görüntüleri kullanılmıştır. Ortofoto üzerinden manuel, uydu görüntüleri üzerinden ise Normalize Fark Su İndisi (NDWI) ve eşik yöntemi kullanılarak kıyı çizgileri üretilmiştir. Daha sonra kıyı çizgileri üzerinden DSAS aracında yer alan NSM, SCE, EPR ve LRR istatistikleri kullanılarak çizgisel analizler yapılmıştır. Çizgisel analizlerden sonra kıyıda meydana alansal analizler yapılmış, değişimin kökeni doğal ve antropojenik olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Analizler ilk olarak 1970-2023 yılları arasında 12 ayrı kıyı çizgisi üzerinden yapılmıştır. Daha sonra dönemsel olarak kıyı değişimlerini ortaya koymak amacıyla ardışık periyotlar üzerinden çizgisel ve alansal analizler uygulanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda çizgisel, alansal değişimler periyotlar halinde incelenmiş, grid analizi ile antropo-jeomorfolojik kapsamda kıyıdaki değişim yoğunluğu incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulardan kıyı çizgisi uzunluğunun 1970’de 36,4 km’den 2023’de 42,5 km’ye ulaştığı, girinti çıkıntı yapısının dönemsel olarak değişkenlik gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Dönemsel olarak kıyı çizgisinin en yüksek 998 m ilerlediği (1990-1995), -1314 m gerilediği (1995-2000) tespit edilmiştir. İnceleme sahasında değişen tüm kıyı zonunun %73’ünde antropojenik kökenli jeomorfolojik değişim yoğunluğunun çok yüksek düzeyde olduğu saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kıyı değişimleri, Antropo-jeomorfoloji, DSAS, Uzaktan Algılama, İstanbul.

Kaynakça

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