Yıl 2022,
, 172 - 181, 15.03.2022
Rohat Gültekin
,
Ceren Görgişen
,
Gonca Karaca Bilgen
,
Pınar Bahçeci Alsan
,
Tuğba Yeter
Destekleyen Kurum
Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü
Proje Numarası
TAGEM/TSKAD/G/17/A9/P3/409
Teşekkür
Toprak Gübre ve Su Kaynakları Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü
Kaynakça
- Abdulhadi, J. S., & Alwan, H. H. (2020). Evaluation the existing drip irrigation network of Fadak Farm.
Kerbala J. Eng. Sci, 1, 26-38.
- Anyoji, H., & Wu, I. P. (1994). Normal distribution water application for drip irrigation schedules.
Transactions of the ASAE, 37(1), 159-164.
- Anonymous, (2021a). General Directorate of Meteorology. Access address: https://www.mgm.gov.tr/.
Date of access: 12.07.2021
- Anonymous, (2021b). Turkey Statistical Institute. Access address: https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr. Date of
access: 12.07.2021
- Anonymous, (2022). Ministry of Agriculture, T. C., & O., 2019. National Water Plan (2019-2023). Access address:
https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/SYGM/Belgeler/NHYP%20DEN%C4%B0Z/ULUSAL%20SU%20PLANI.pdf Date of access: 15.03.2022
- ASAE Standarts., (1991). Soil and Water Resource Management. s. 554-678, St. Joseph, MI. USA.
- ASAE EP458, (1998). Field evaluation of microirrigation systems. ASAE Standards 1998. 45th ed. Standards engineering practices data. ASAE, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph, Mich., USA.
- ASAE, (2003). Field evaluation of micro irrigation systems. EP458. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, 760−765
- Ashiri M, Boroomand-Nasab S, Hooshmand A (2014). Technical evaluation of drip irrigation systems (case study of shahid rajaayi agro-industry – Dezful). World Rural Observations, 6(3), 36-43
- Bhavan M, Maro BSZ (1991). Irrigation equipment and systems, evaluation of field irrigatıon efficiencies, guıdelines. New Delhi, India, 110002
- Bralts, V. F., & Kesner, C. D. (1983). Drip irrigation field uniformity estimation. Transactions of the ASAE, 26(5), 1369-1374.
- Burt, C.M., Clemmens, A.J., Strelkoff, T.S., Solomon, K.H., Bliesner, R.D., Hardy, L.A., Howell, T.A., Eisenhauer, D.E. (1997). Irrigation Performance Measures: Efficiency and Uniformity. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 123(6):423-442.
- Camp, C. R., Sadler, E. J., & Busscher, W. J. (1997). A comparison of uniformity measures for drip irrigation systems. Transactions of the ASAE, 40(4), 1013-1020.
- Christiansens JE. (1942). Irrigation by sprinkling. California Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulletin No. 670. Berkeley.
- Darouich, H. M., Pedras, C. M., Gonçalves, J. M., & Pereira, L. S. (2014). Drip vs. surface irrigation: A comparison focussing on water saving and economic returns using multicriteria analysis applied to cotton. Biosystems engineering, 122, 74-90.
- Elamin, A. W. M., Abd Eldaiam, A. M., Abdalla, N. A., & Hussain, M. E. (2017). Hydraulic performance of drip irrigation system under different emitter types, and operating pressures using treated wastewater at Khartoum state. International Journal of Development and Sustainability, 6(9), 1086-1095.
- Ella, V. B., M. R. Reyes, & R. Yoder. (2009). Effect of Hydraulic Head and Slope on Water Distribution Uniformity of a Low-Cost Drip Irrigation System. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 25(3), 349–356. doi:10.13031/2013.26885
- Fan, J., Lu, X., Gu, S., & Guo, X. (2020). Improving nutrient and water use efficiencies using water-drip irrigation and fertilization technology in Northeast China. Agricultural Water Management, 241, 106352.
- Gil, M., Rodríguez-Sinobas, L., Juana, L., Sanchez, R., & Losada, A. (2008). Emitter discharge variability of subsurface drip irrigation in uniform soils: effect on water-application uniformity. Irrigation Science, 26(6), 451-458.
- Gültekin, R., & Ertek, A. (2018). Effects of deficit irrigation on the potato tuber development and quality. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences, 2(3), 93-98.
- Hezarjaribi, A. (2008). Site specific irrigation: Improvement of application map and a dynamic steering of modified centre pivot irrigation system. JKI.
- Ibragimov, N., Evett, S. R., Esanbekov, Y., Kamilov, B. S., Mirzaev, L., & Lamers, J. P. (2007). Water use efficiency of irrigated cotton in Uzbekistan under drip and furrow irrigation. Agricultural water management, 90(1-2), 112-120.
- Irmak, Suat; Odhiambo, Lameck O.; Kranz, William L.; and Eisenhauer, Dean E. (2011). "Irrigation Efficiency and Uniformity, and Crop Water Use Efficiency". Biological Systems Engineering: Papers and Publications. 451.
- James, L. G. (1988). Principles of farm irrigation systems design. John Wiley and Sons Limited. Jamrey, P. K., & Nigam, G. K. (2018). Performance evaluation of drip irrigation systems. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 7(1), 346-348.
- Kanber, R. (2010). Tarla Sulama Sistemleri. Ç.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi, Genel Yayın No: 283, Ders kitapları Yayın No. A-89, Adana, 584 s. (in Turkish).
- Kanber, R., Öğretir, K., Güngör, H., Kara, C., (1996). Sulanır Alanlarda Su Kullanım Etkinliğinin (Randıman) Değerlendirilmesi. Köy Hizmetleri Araştırma Ana Projesi. Proje No: 423, Eskişehir, 116s. (in Turkish).
- Keller, J. and Bleisner, R.D., (1990). Sprinkle and Trickle Irrigation. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.652 pp
- Keller, J., & Karmeli, D., (1974). Trickle irrigation design parameters. Transactions of the ASAE, 17(4), 678-0684.
- Merriam, J. L., Shearer, M. N., & Burt, C. M. (1980). Evaluating irrigation systems and practices. Evaluating irrigation systems and practices., 721-760.
- Mistry, P., Akil, M., Suryanarayana, T. M. V., & Parekh, F. P. (2017). Evaluation of drip irrigation system for different operating pressures. Int. J. of Adv. Engg. Res. And Dev, 1(1), 63-69.
- Noori, J. S., & Al Thamiry, H. A. (2012). Hydraulic and statistical analyses of design emission uniformity of trickle irrigation systems. Journal of irrigation and drainage engineering, 138(9), 791-798.
- Sivanappan R K, Padmakumari O. (1980). Drip irrigation, Tamil Nadu Agriculture University, Booklet, pp. 70.
- Tagar, A., Chandio, F. A., Mari, I. A., & Wagan, B. (2012). Comparative study of drip and furrow irrigation methods at farmer’s field in Umarkot. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 69, 863-867.
- Ortega, J. F., Tarjuelo, J. M., de Juan, J. A. (2002). Evaluation of Irrigation Performance in Localized Irrigation Systems of Semiarid Regions (Castilla-La Mancha, Spain). Agricultural Engineering International: the Cigr Journal of Scientific Research and Development. Manuscript LW 01 007. Vol IV, s. 1-17.
- Qureshi, A. L., Gadehi, M. A., Mahessar, A. A., Memon, N. A., Soomro, A. G., & Memon, A. H. (2015). Effect of drip and furrow irrigation systems on sunflower yield and water use efficiency in dry area of Pakistan. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, 15(10), 1947-1952.
- Safi, B., Neyshabouri, M. R., Nazemi, A. H., Massiha, S., & Mirlatifi, S. M. (2007). Water application uniformity of a subsurface drip irrigation system at various operating pressures and tape lengths. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 31(5), 275-285.
- Uygan, D., & Çetin, Ö. (2015). Assessment of Performance Indicators for some Drip Irrigation Systems in Eskisehir and Sakarya Provinces. Toprak Su Dergisi, 4(1), 27-35.
- Woltering, L., Ibrahim, A., Pasternak, D., & Ndjeunga, J. (2011). The economics of low pressure drip irrigation and hand watering for vegetable production in the Sahel. Agricultural Water Management, 99(1), 67-73.
- Yan, X. L., Dai, T. F., & Jia, L. M. (2018). Evaluation of the cumulative effect of drip irrigation and fertigation on productivity in a poplar plantation. Annals of forest science, 75(1), 5.
- Yıldırım, O. and A. Korukçu. (1999). Designing Drip Irrigation Systems. Ankara Univ. Faculty of Agriculture. Agricultural Structures and Irrigation Department, Lecture Notes (Unpublished), p.98-187.
- Zare Abyaneh, H., Danaii, A., Akhavan, S., & Jovzi, M. (2020). Performance evaluation of new irrigation systems in Hamedan. Water and Irrigation Management, 10(3), 381-395.
Evaluation of performance indicators for some drip irrigation systems used in cherry orchards in Ankara province
Yıl 2022,
, 172 - 181, 15.03.2022
Rohat Gültekin
,
Ceren Görgişen
,
Gonca Karaca Bilgen
,
Pınar Bahçeci Alsan
,
Tuğba Yeter
Öz
In this study, performance tests of drip irrigation systems were carried out in cherry orchards of some farmers in Ankara. Accordingly, measurements were made on the day of irrigation in the lateral and manifold pipes of the drip irrigation systems used by the farmers. Within the scope of the research, Distribution Uniformity, Emission Uniformity, Application Efficiency, Potential and Actual Application Efficiency measurements were made in drip irrigation systems in 10 different cherry orchards. For this purpose, 4 different dripper points were determined on at least 4 lateral lines in each manifold line. Each lateral pipe and dripper point was chosen to be at the beginning of the line, 1/3 of the line, 2/3 of the distance and at the end of the line. Measurements were made on farmers’ irrigation days and under farmer conditions. According to the obtained results, the CU value was between 77.5%- 93.0%, DU value between 60.1%- 86.9%, EU value between 56.7%- 84.5% and CV value between 0.09- 0.28. As a result of the research, it has been determined that there are important design and application problems in drip irrigation systems.
Proje Numarası
TAGEM/TSKAD/G/17/A9/P3/409
Kaynakça
- Abdulhadi, J. S., & Alwan, H. H. (2020). Evaluation the existing drip irrigation network of Fadak Farm.
Kerbala J. Eng. Sci, 1, 26-38.
- Anyoji, H., & Wu, I. P. (1994). Normal distribution water application for drip irrigation schedules.
Transactions of the ASAE, 37(1), 159-164.
- Anonymous, (2021a). General Directorate of Meteorology. Access address: https://www.mgm.gov.tr/.
Date of access: 12.07.2021
- Anonymous, (2021b). Turkey Statistical Institute. Access address: https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr. Date of
access: 12.07.2021
- Anonymous, (2022). Ministry of Agriculture, T. C., & O., 2019. National Water Plan (2019-2023). Access address:
https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/SYGM/Belgeler/NHYP%20DEN%C4%B0Z/ULUSAL%20SU%20PLANI.pdf Date of access: 15.03.2022
- ASAE Standarts., (1991). Soil and Water Resource Management. s. 554-678, St. Joseph, MI. USA.
- ASAE EP458, (1998). Field evaluation of microirrigation systems. ASAE Standards 1998. 45th ed. Standards engineering practices data. ASAE, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph, Mich., USA.
- ASAE, (2003). Field evaluation of micro irrigation systems. EP458. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, 760−765
- Ashiri M, Boroomand-Nasab S, Hooshmand A (2014). Technical evaluation of drip irrigation systems (case study of shahid rajaayi agro-industry – Dezful). World Rural Observations, 6(3), 36-43
- Bhavan M, Maro BSZ (1991). Irrigation equipment and systems, evaluation of field irrigatıon efficiencies, guıdelines. New Delhi, India, 110002
- Bralts, V. F., & Kesner, C. D. (1983). Drip irrigation field uniformity estimation. Transactions of the ASAE, 26(5), 1369-1374.
- Burt, C.M., Clemmens, A.J., Strelkoff, T.S., Solomon, K.H., Bliesner, R.D., Hardy, L.A., Howell, T.A., Eisenhauer, D.E. (1997). Irrigation Performance Measures: Efficiency and Uniformity. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 123(6):423-442.
- Camp, C. R., Sadler, E. J., & Busscher, W. J. (1997). A comparison of uniformity measures for drip irrigation systems. Transactions of the ASAE, 40(4), 1013-1020.
- Christiansens JE. (1942). Irrigation by sprinkling. California Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulletin No. 670. Berkeley.
- Darouich, H. M., Pedras, C. M., Gonçalves, J. M., & Pereira, L. S. (2014). Drip vs. surface irrigation: A comparison focussing on water saving and economic returns using multicriteria analysis applied to cotton. Biosystems engineering, 122, 74-90.
- Elamin, A. W. M., Abd Eldaiam, A. M., Abdalla, N. A., & Hussain, M. E. (2017). Hydraulic performance of drip irrigation system under different emitter types, and operating pressures using treated wastewater at Khartoum state. International Journal of Development and Sustainability, 6(9), 1086-1095.
- Ella, V. B., M. R. Reyes, & R. Yoder. (2009). Effect of Hydraulic Head and Slope on Water Distribution Uniformity of a Low-Cost Drip Irrigation System. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 25(3), 349–356. doi:10.13031/2013.26885
- Fan, J., Lu, X., Gu, S., & Guo, X. (2020). Improving nutrient and water use efficiencies using water-drip irrigation and fertilization technology in Northeast China. Agricultural Water Management, 241, 106352.
- Gil, M., Rodríguez-Sinobas, L., Juana, L., Sanchez, R., & Losada, A. (2008). Emitter discharge variability of subsurface drip irrigation in uniform soils: effect on water-application uniformity. Irrigation Science, 26(6), 451-458.
- Gültekin, R., & Ertek, A. (2018). Effects of deficit irrigation on the potato tuber development and quality. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences, 2(3), 93-98.
- Hezarjaribi, A. (2008). Site specific irrigation: Improvement of application map and a dynamic steering of modified centre pivot irrigation system. JKI.
- Ibragimov, N., Evett, S. R., Esanbekov, Y., Kamilov, B. S., Mirzaev, L., & Lamers, J. P. (2007). Water use efficiency of irrigated cotton in Uzbekistan under drip and furrow irrigation. Agricultural water management, 90(1-2), 112-120.
- Irmak, Suat; Odhiambo, Lameck O.; Kranz, William L.; and Eisenhauer, Dean E. (2011). "Irrigation Efficiency and Uniformity, and Crop Water Use Efficiency". Biological Systems Engineering: Papers and Publications. 451.
- James, L. G. (1988). Principles of farm irrigation systems design. John Wiley and Sons Limited. Jamrey, P. K., & Nigam, G. K. (2018). Performance evaluation of drip irrigation systems. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 7(1), 346-348.
- Kanber, R. (2010). Tarla Sulama Sistemleri. Ç.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi, Genel Yayın No: 283, Ders kitapları Yayın No. A-89, Adana, 584 s. (in Turkish).
- Kanber, R., Öğretir, K., Güngör, H., Kara, C., (1996). Sulanır Alanlarda Su Kullanım Etkinliğinin (Randıman) Değerlendirilmesi. Köy Hizmetleri Araştırma Ana Projesi. Proje No: 423, Eskişehir, 116s. (in Turkish).
- Keller, J. and Bleisner, R.D., (1990). Sprinkle and Trickle Irrigation. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.652 pp
- Keller, J., & Karmeli, D., (1974). Trickle irrigation design parameters. Transactions of the ASAE, 17(4), 678-0684.
- Merriam, J. L., Shearer, M. N., & Burt, C. M. (1980). Evaluating irrigation systems and practices. Evaluating irrigation systems and practices., 721-760.
- Mistry, P., Akil, M., Suryanarayana, T. M. V., & Parekh, F. P. (2017). Evaluation of drip irrigation system for different operating pressures. Int. J. of Adv. Engg. Res. And Dev, 1(1), 63-69.
- Noori, J. S., & Al Thamiry, H. A. (2012). Hydraulic and statistical analyses of design emission uniformity of trickle irrigation systems. Journal of irrigation and drainage engineering, 138(9), 791-798.
- Sivanappan R K, Padmakumari O. (1980). Drip irrigation, Tamil Nadu Agriculture University, Booklet, pp. 70.
- Tagar, A., Chandio, F. A., Mari, I. A., & Wagan, B. (2012). Comparative study of drip and furrow irrigation methods at farmer’s field in Umarkot. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 69, 863-867.
- Ortega, J. F., Tarjuelo, J. M., de Juan, J. A. (2002). Evaluation of Irrigation Performance in Localized Irrigation Systems of Semiarid Regions (Castilla-La Mancha, Spain). Agricultural Engineering International: the Cigr Journal of Scientific Research and Development. Manuscript LW 01 007. Vol IV, s. 1-17.
- Qureshi, A. L., Gadehi, M. A., Mahessar, A. A., Memon, N. A., Soomro, A. G., & Memon, A. H. (2015). Effect of drip and furrow irrigation systems on sunflower yield and water use efficiency in dry area of Pakistan. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, 15(10), 1947-1952.
- Safi, B., Neyshabouri, M. R., Nazemi, A. H., Massiha, S., & Mirlatifi, S. M. (2007). Water application uniformity of a subsurface drip irrigation system at various operating pressures and tape lengths. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 31(5), 275-285.
- Uygan, D., & Çetin, Ö. (2015). Assessment of Performance Indicators for some Drip Irrigation Systems in Eskisehir and Sakarya Provinces. Toprak Su Dergisi, 4(1), 27-35.
- Woltering, L., Ibrahim, A., Pasternak, D., & Ndjeunga, J. (2011). The economics of low pressure drip irrigation and hand watering for vegetable production in the Sahel. Agricultural Water Management, 99(1), 67-73.
- Yan, X. L., Dai, T. F., & Jia, L. M. (2018). Evaluation of the cumulative effect of drip irrigation and fertigation on productivity in a poplar plantation. Annals of forest science, 75(1), 5.
- Yıldırım, O. and A. Korukçu. (1999). Designing Drip Irrigation Systems. Ankara Univ. Faculty of Agriculture. Agricultural Structures and Irrigation Department, Lecture Notes (Unpublished), p.98-187.
- Zare Abyaneh, H., Danaii, A., Akhavan, S., & Jovzi, M. (2020). Performance evaluation of new irrigation systems in Hamedan. Water and Irrigation Management, 10(3), 381-395.