Allelopathic effects of sorghum species on weed seed germination and dry matter accumulation in different soil types

Yıl 2022, , 396 - 401, 23.09.2022

Lawrence Mango , Taonashe Chitsika Morleen Nhete

https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2022.3.8

Öz

Weeds are problematic and burdensome to many smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe. The continued existence of allelochemicals in plants inhibit weed seed germination, plant growth and nutrient uptake. A study was carried out to assess the effects of sorghum species on weed seed germination and dry matter accumulation in different soil types at Duncanstan Farm in Featherstone, Zimbabwe. A 3x3 factorial experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with nine treatment combinations replicated four times. Soil type was the first factor with sand, loam and clay soils. Sorghum plant extracts, Sorghum arundinacea and Sorghum halepense, formed the second factor, and the control had no extract. All soil types showed significant effects p<0.05 in the reduction of germinated weeds treated with S. arundinacea and S. halepense water extracts compared to the control. There was significant decrease p<0.05 in the mean fresh and dry matter accumulation of weed seedlings in both treatments of S. arundinacea and S. halepense water extracts in all soil types. In sand soil, the mean fresh weights were 33.4g and 36.3g in S. arundinacea and S. halepense respectively as compared to the control treatment with 58.2g. Similarly, the mean dry weights were 15.4g and 14.9g. In conclusion, Sorghum arundinacea and Sorghum halepense possess allelopathic effects which can be used for effective weed management. It is recommended that sorghum species be conserved and used as bio-herbicides and in the development of synthetic herbicides.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Allelochemicals, Bio-herbicides, Dry matter, Germination, Water extracts

Kaynakça

• Asgharipour, M. R. (2011). Inhibitory effects of sunflower root and leaf extracts on germination and early seedling growth of amaranth and purple nutsedge. Advances in Environmental Biology, 3550–3556.
• Bsoul, E., & Hilaire, R. S. (2004). Water Relations, Growth, and Carbon Isotope Discrimination of Drought-stressed Bigtooth Maples Indigenous to New Mexico, Texas, and Utah. HortScience, 39(4), 771F – 772.
• Chachar, Q., Chachar, M., & Chachar, S. (2009). Studies on integrated weed management in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Agricultural Technology, 5(2), 405–412.
• Dahiya, S., Kumar, S., Khedwal, R. S., & Jakhar, S. (2017). Allelopathy for sustainable weed management. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6, 832–837.
• Fageria, N. K., & Moreira, A. (2011). The role of mineral nutrition on root growth of crop plants. Advances in Agronomy, 110, 251–331.
• Farooq, M., Bajwa, A. A., Cheema, S. A., & Cheema, Z. A. (2013). Application of allelopathy in crop production. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 15(6), 1367–1378.
• Farooq, M., Khan, I., Nawaz, A., Cheema, M. A., & Siddique, K. H. (2020). Using sorghum to suppress weeds in autumn planted maize. Crop Protection, 133, 105162.
• Gomaa, N. H., Hassan, M. O., Fahmy, G. M., González, L., Hammouda, O., & Atteya, A. M. (2014). Allelopathic effects of Sonchus oleraceus L. on the germination and seedling growth of crop and weed species. Acta Botanica Brasilica, 28, 408–416.
• Hamidi, R., Mazaherib, D., Rahimian, H., Alizadeh, H., Ghadiri, H., & Zeinali, H. (2008). Phytotoxicity effects of soil amended residues of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum Koch) on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Desert, 13(1), 1–7.
• Hejl, A. M., & Koster, K. L. (2004). The allelochemical sorgoleone inhibits root H+-ATPase and water uptake. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 30(11), 2181–2191.
• Hozayn, M., Lateef, E., Sharar, F., & Monem, A. (2011). Potential uses of sorghum and sunflower residues for weed control and to improve lentil yields. Allelopathy Journal, 27(1), 15–22.
• Kandhro, M. N., Memon, H., Ansari, M. A., & Shah, A. N. (2015). Effect of allelopathic water extract of sorghum and sunflower on weed mortality and cotton yield. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 31(3), 165–174.
• Kaur, T., Kaur, N., & Bhullar, M. S. (2018). Ecological Methods for Weed Management. In Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 31 (pp. 179–216). Springer.
• Khaliq, A., Matloob, A., Farooq, M., Mushtaq, M., & Khan, M. (2011). Effect of crop residues applied isolated or in combination on the germination and seedling growth of horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum). Planta Daninha, 29(1), 121–128.
• Khan, M. A., Afridi, R. A., Hashim, S., Khattak, A. M., Ahmad, Z., Wahid, F., & Chauhan, B. S. (2016). Integrated effect of allelochemicals and herbicides on weed suppression and soil microbial activity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Crop Protection, 90, 34–39.
• Mangao, A. M., Arreola, S. L. B., San Gabriel, E. V., & Salamanez, K. C. (2020). Aqueous extract from leaves of Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell as potential bioherbicide. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 100(3), 1185–1194.
• Mushtaq, M., Cheema, Z., & Khaliq, A. (2010). Effects of mixture of allelopathic plant aqueous extracts on Trianthema portulacastrum L. weed. Allelopathy Journal, 25(1), 205–212.
• Naeem, M., Cheema, Z., Ihsan, M., Hussain, Y., Mazari, A., & Abbas, H. (2018). Allelopathic effects of different plant water extracts on yield and weeds of wheat. Planta Daninha, 36.
• Olsen, A. (2020). Improving the accuracy of weed species detection for robotic weed control in complex real-time environments.
• Rawat, L., Narwal, S., Kadiyan, H., Maikhuri, R., Negi, V., & Pharswan, D. (2012). Allelopathic effects of sunflower on seed germination and seedling growth of Trianthema portulacastrum. Allelopathy Journal, 30(1), 11–22.
• Rice, E. L. (2012). Allelopathy. ISBN: 9780080925394.
• Sangeetha, C., & Baskar, P. (2015). Allelopathy in weed management: A critical review. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 10(9), 1004–1015.
• Scavo, A., & Mauromicale, G. (2020). Integrated weed management in herbaceous field crops. Agronomy, 10(4), 466.
• Siyar, S., Majeed, A., Muhammad, Z., Ali, H., & Inayat, N. (2019). Allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of three weed species on the growth and leaf chlorophyll content of bread wheat. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 39(1), 63–68.
• Tesio, F., & Ferrero, A. (2010). Allelopathy, a chance for sustainable weed management. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 17(5), 377–389.