Observation of plant development with compost, lime and chemical fertilizer support in acidic soil with high metal content

Yıl 2019, , 16 - 21, 14.03.2019

Emine Elmaslar Özbaş , Atakan Öngen , Hüseyin Kurtuluş Özcan , Selda Yiğit Hunce

https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2019.1.5

Öz

In this study, the growth of parsley plants (Petroselinum crispum) was observed in an acidic (pH 2) soil having high heavy metal concentrations with the addition of compost, lime and chemical fertilizer as soil amendments. The soil sample was obtained from the Kastel Village of the Çamburnu district in Trabzon. The compost used as soil conditioner was attained from the Kemerburgaz Recycling and Composting Facility located in Istanbul. Calcium ammonium nitrate was used as chemical fertilizer. Soil samples were prepared to contain i. 10% (v/v) compost (K1), ii. 10% (v/v) compost and 1.5% (v/v) chemical fertilizer (K2), iii. 10% (v/v) compost and 1.5% (v/v) lime (K3) iv. 1.5% (v/v) lime and 1.5% (v/v) chemical fertilizer (K4), v. 10% (v/v) compost, 1.5% (v/v) lime and 1.5% (v/v) chemical fertilizer (K5) and vi. 10% (v/v) compost and 1.5% (v/v) chemical fertilizer. The addition of chemical fertilizer was performed simultaneously with the plantation of parsley seeds. Also, plant seeds were planted in the both of the soil samples with no additives as a control samples. The prepared plant pots were placed in an artificially lighted environment with timer control obtaining 16 hours daylight, 8 hours night. Lengths and weights of root and aerial parts of parsley plants were measured at the end of the growth period. The pH of the soil mixtures in the plant pots were measured at the beginning and end of the experiment. At the end of the study, plant growth was not observed in the acidic soil sample in the absence of soil amendments. The best plant growth (aerial part length 18.6 cm, root length 4 cm, weight 0.2 g) was achieved in commercial plant soil containing ammonium nitrate. The appropriate plant growth (aerial part length 11 cm, root length 4 cm, weight 0.053 g) for the acidic and heavy metal containing soil were reached with the sample containing 10% (v/v) compost, 1.5% (v/v) lime and 1.5% (v/v) chemical fertilizer.

Anahtar Kelimeler

MSW compost, Soil, Heavy metals, Soil remediation

Kaynakça

• Aryal, R., Nirola, R., Beecham, S., Sarkar, B. (2016). Influence of heavy metals in root chemistry of Cyperus vaginatus R.Br: a study through optical spectroscopy. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegr, 113, 201-207.
• Bolan, N., Kunhikrishnan, A., Thangarajan, R., Kumpiene, J., Park, J., Makino, T., Kirkham, M.B., Scheckel, K. (2014). Remediation of heavy metal (loid) s contaminated soil -to mobilize or to immobilize? J. Hazard. Mater., 266, 141-166.
• Colin, V.L., Villegas, L.B., Abate, C.M. (2012). Indigenous microorganisms as potential bioremediators for environments contaminated with heavy metals. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegr., 69, 28-37.
• Compost Notification (Kompost Tebliği), (2015). Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı, Ankara.
• Ding, Y., Liu, Y., Liu, S., Li, Z., Tan, X., Huang, X., Zeng, G., Zhou, L., Zheng, B. (2016). Biochar to improve soil fertility. A review. Agron. Sustain. Dev., 36, 1-18.
• Du, L.N., Yang, Y.Y., Li, G., Wang, S., Jia, X.M., Zhao, Y.H. (2010). Optimization of heavy metal-containing dye Acid Black 172 decolorization by Pseudomonas sp. DY1 using statistical designs. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegr., 64, 566-573.
• EPA, METHOD 3051A. (2013). Microwave assisted acid digestion of sediments, sludges, soils, and oils.
• Gray, C., Dunham, S., Dennis, P., Zhao, F., McGrath, S. (2006). Field evaluation of in situ remediation of a heavy metal contaminated soil using lime and red-mud. Environ. Pollut., 142, 530-539.
• Huang, X., Liu, Y., Liu, S., Tan, X., Ding, Y., Zeng, G., Zhou, Y., Zhang, M., Wang, S., Zheng, B. (2016). Effective removal of Cr (vi) using b-cyclodextrinechitosan modified biochars with adsorption/reduction bifuctional roles. RSC Adv., 6, 94-104.
• Järup, L. (2003). Hazards of heavy metal contamination, British Medical Bulletin, 68, 167–182.
• Kumpiene, J., Lagerkvist, A., Maurice, C. (2008). Stabilization of As, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in soil using amendment sea review. Waste Manag., 28, 215-225.
• Lee, S.-H., Lee, J.-S., Choi, Y.J., Kim, J.G. (2009). In situ stabilization of cadmium-, lead-, and zinc-contaminated soil using various amendments. Chemosphere, 77, 1069-1075.
• Li, X., Shunwen, D., Yuan, Y., Wenjin, S., Wu, M., Xu, H. (2016). Inoculation of bacteria for the bioremediation of heavy metals contaminated soil by agrocybe aegerita. RSC Adv., 6 (70), 65816-65824.
• Luo, C., Liu, C, Wang, Y., Liu, X., Li, F., Zhang,, G., Li, X. (2011). Heavy metal contamination in soils and vegetables near an e-waste processing site, south China. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 186 (1), 481–490.
• Mahar, A., Wang, P., Li, R., Zhang, Z. (2015). Immobilization of lead and cadmium in contaminated soil using amendments: a review. Pedosphere, 25, 555–568.
• Memon, A.R., Aktoprakligil, D., Ozdemir, A., Vertii, A. (2001). Heavy metalaccumulation and detoxification mechanisms in plants. Turk. J. Bot., 25, 111-121.
• Methodenbuch zur Analyse von Kompost (1994). Bundesgütegemeinschaft Kompost e. V. (Murat Kubatoğlu tarafından tercüme, İSTAÇ A.Ş.).
• Neilson, S., Rajakaruna, N. (2015). Phytoremediation of Agricultural Soils: Using Plants to Clean Metal-Contaminated Arable Land. Phytoremediation. Management of Environmental Contaminants, 1, 159-168.
• Nirola, R., Megharaj, M., Saint, C., Aryal, R., Thavamani, P., Venkateswarlu, K., Naidu, R., Beecham, S. (2016). Metal bioavailability to Eisenia fetida through copper mine dwelling animal and plant litter, a new challenge on contaminated environment remediation. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegr., 113, 208-216.
• Paradelo R., Villada A., Barral M.T. (2011). Reduction of the short-term availability of copper, lead and zinc in a contaminated soil amended with municipal solid waste compost. J Hazard Mater., 188, 98–104.
• Ruyters, S., Mertens, J., Vassilieva, E., Dehandschutter, B., Poffijn, A., Smolders, E. (2011). The red mud accident in Ajka (Hungary): plant toxicity and trace metal bioavailability in red mud contaminated soil. Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 1616-1622.
• Sayara, T., Borras, E., Caminal, G., Sarr a, M., S anchez, A. (2011). Bioremediation of PAHs-contaminated soil through composting: influence of bioaugmentation and biostimulation on contaminant biodegradation. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegr., 65, 859-865.
• Shi, W., Shao, H.., Li, H., Shao, M.., Du, S. (2009). Progress in the remediation of hazardous heavy metal-polluted soils by natural zeolite. J. Hazard. Mater., 170, 1-6.
• Sultana, M.Y., Akratos, C.S., Pavlou, S., Vayenas, D.V. (2014). Chromium removal in constructed wetlands: a review. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegr., 96, 181-190.
• TKKNK (Toprak Kirliliğinin Kontrolü ve Noktasal Kaynaklı Kirlenmiş Sahalara Dair Yönetmelik), (2010). Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı, Ankara.
• Ullah, A., Heng, S., Munis, M.F.H., Fahad, S., Yang, X. (2015). Phytoremediation of heavy metals assisted by plant growth promoting (PGP) bacteria: A review. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 117, 28-40.
• Uygun S. (2012). Ülkemizde Kompost Üretimi Yapan Bazı Tesislerdeki Mekanizasyon Uygulamalarının Değerlendirilmesi, Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
• Wang, H., Wang, X., Chen, J., Xia, P., Zhao, J. (2016). Recovery of nutrients from wastewater by a MgCl 2 modified zeolite and their reuse as an amendment for Cu and Pb immobilization in soil. RSC Adv, 6, 55809-55818.
• White, C., Wilkinson, S.C., Gadd, G.M. (1995). The role of microorganisms in biosorption of toxic metals and radionuclides. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegr., 35, 17-40.
• Xu, Y., Yan, X., Fan, L., Fang, Z. (2016). Remediation of Cd (ii)-contaminated soil by three kinds of ferrous phosphate nanoparticles. RSC Adv., 6, 17390-17395.
• Yan-bing, H., Dao-You, H., Qi-Hong, Z., Shuai, W., Shou-Long, L., Hai-Bo, H., Han-Hua, Z., Chao, X.(2017). A three-season field study on the in-situ remediation of Cd-contaminated paddy soil using lime, two industrial by-products, and a low-Cdaccumulation rice cultivar. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 136, 135–141.
• Zhang, H., Schuchardt, F., Li, G., Yang, J., Yang, Q. (2013). Emission of volatile sulfur compounds during composting of municipal solid waste (MSW), Waste. Manage., 33, 957–963.
• Zhou, R., Liu, X., Luo, L., Zhou, Y., Wei, J., Chen, A., Tang, L., Wu, H., Deng, Y., Zhang, F., Wang, Y. (2017). Remediation of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd-contaminated agricultural soil using a combined red mud and compost amendment. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 118, 73-81.
• Zhu, Q.H., Huang, D.Y., Zhu, G.X., Ge, T.D., Liu, G.S., Zhu, H.H., Liu, S.L., Zhang, X.N. (2010). Sepiolite is recommended for the remediation of Cd-contaminated paddy soil. Acta Agric Scand. Sect. B, 60, 110–116.
• Zhuang, P., Zou, B., Li, N., Li, Z. (2009). Heavy metal contamination in soils and food crops around Dabaoshan mine in Guangdong, China: implication for human health. Environ. Geochem. Health, 31, 707-715.