Hazardous Waste Management in Turkey

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 312 - 318, 30.12.2019

Nesli Aydın

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.558213

Cited By: 1

Öz

An increase in population,
energy demand, industrial activities and other technological developments
inevitably cause large amount of waste to be produced. It is a known fact that
traditional methods for the collection, transportation and disposal of wastes
are not capable anymore to prevent health problems and economic losses. Any
deficiency in the management of hazardous wastes, which constitute a
significant part of solid wastes, has a range of negative effects for
environmental health and safety. The aim of this study is to assess the
situation of hazardous solid-waste management in Turkey. This was achieved by
reviewing the rates of waste generation across the country. Current
requirements and challenges in hazardous waste management are also discussed,
and suggestions for solving problems are presented.

The study results that the Kocaeli and Izmir, as the two cities with
the larger population and industrial activities of Turkey, produces the largest
amount of hazardous waste in Turkey. On the other side, Istanbul, which is the
mostly populated city with advanced health service, is by far the largest
medical waste producer across the country. This is followed by Ankara, the
capital city of Turkey and Izmir. Although hazardous waste management in Turkey
has improved because of a strong governance and institutional involvement in
recent years, efforts directed by scientific research are still required to
enable robust waste management. These efforts will greatly aid decision makers
such as municipal authorities.

Anahtar Kelimeler

hazardous waste, waste generation

Kaynakça

• Akkoyunlu, A., Avsar, Y. and Erguven, G.O. (2017). “Hazardous Waste Management in Turkey”. Journal of Hazardous Toxic and Radioactive Waste 21(4). doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)HZ.2153-5515.0000373
• Alagoz, B. A. Z. & Kocasoy, G. (2007). Treatment and disposal alternatives for health-care waste in developing countries - a case study in Istanbul, Turkey. Waste Management & Research 25(1): 83-89.
• Alagoz, A. Z. & Kocasoy, G. (2008). Determination of the best appropriate management methods for the health-care wastes in Istanbul.Waste Management 28(7): 1227-1235.
• Alvim-Ferraz, M., & Afonso, S. (2003). Incineration of different types of medical wastes: Emission factors for particulate matter and heavy metals. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37:3152–3157.
• Aydemir, I. (2017). Turkiye’de Cevre Bilinci Kapsaminda Tibbi Atik Uretim Surecleri ve Yonetimi. Bingol University Social Sciences Institute Journal: 7 (13): 295 – 311
• Aydogan, O., Varank, G. and Bilgili, M. S. (2010). Medical waste management in Gaziantep. Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 3:132-140
• Birpinar, M. E., Bilgili, M. S. and Erdogan, T. (2009). Medical waste management in Turkey: A case study of Istanbul. Waste Management 29(1): 445-448.
• Ciplak, N. & Barton, J. R. (2012). A System Dynamics Approach for Healthcare Waste Management: A Case Study in Istanbul Metropolitan City, Turkey. International Solid Waste Association; Waste Management & Research 30(6): 576–586.
• Ciplak, N. (2015). Assessing future scenarios for healthcare waste management using a multi- criteria decision analysis tool: A case study in the Turkish West Black-Sea Region. The Journal of Air and Waste Management Association 65(8): 919-929
• Ciplak, N. & Kaskun, S. (2015). Healthcare waste management practice in the West Black Sea Region, Turkey: A comparative analysis with the developed and developing countries. Journal of Air and Waste Management Association 65(12):1387-9
• Couto N., Silva, V, Monteiro, E. and Rouboa, A. (2013). Hazardous Waste Management in Portugal: An Overview. Energy Procedia 36: 607-611
• Duan, H., Huang, Q., Wang, Q., Zhou, B. and Li, J. (2008). Hazardous waste generation and management in China A review. Journal of Hazardous Materials 158:221–227. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.01.106.
• Fagnani, E. & Guimaraes, J. R. (2017). Waste management plan for higher education institutions in developing countries: The Continuous Improvement Cycle model. Journal of Cleaner Production 147: 108-118
• Fazzo, L., Minichilli, F., Santoro, M., Ceccarini, A., Della Seta, M., Bianchi, F., Comba, P. and Martuzzi, M. (2016). Hazardous waste and health impact: a systematic review of the scientific literature. Environmental Health 16(1):107. doi: 10.1186/s12940-017-0311-8.
• Garlapati, V.K. (2016). E-waste in India and developed countries: Management, recycling, business and biotechnological initiatives, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 54: 874-881
• Han, Z., Liu, Y., Zhong, M., Shi, G., Li, Q., Zeng, D., Zhang, Y., Fei, Y. and Xie, Y., (2018). Influencing factors of domestic waste characteristics in rural areas of developing countries. Waste Management 72: 45-54
• Ikhlayel, M. (2018a). An integrated approach to establish e-waste management systems for developing countries. Journal of Cleaner Production 170: 119-130
• Ikhlayel, M. (2018b). Development of management systems for sustainable municipal solid waste in developing countries: a systematic life cycle thinking approach. Journal of Cleaner Production 180: 571-586
• Kucuk, A. (2013). Tibbi Atik Yonetiminin Ekonomisi. Journal of Turkish Department of Auditors 90:73-95.
• Malakahmad, A., Abualqumboz, M., Kutty, S. R. M. and Abunama, T. J. (2017). Assessment of carbon footprint emissions and environmental concerns of solid waste treatment and disposal techniques; case study of Malaysia. Waste Management 70: 282-292
• Ministry of Environment and Urbanisation. (2010). Waste Sector Assessment Report: Turkey's national action plan on climate change project. Page: 7-8.: http://iklim.cob.gov.tr/iklim/Files/Atik_Sektoru_Mevcut_Durum_Degerlendirmesi_Raporu.pdf. Accessed 16 Apr 2018.
• Ministry of Environment and Urbanisation. (2013). Hazardous Waste Statistics. 3rd Volume of Hazardous waste. http://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/csb/dokumanlar/cygm0011.pdf. Accessed 16 Apr 2018.
• Ministry of Environment and Urbanisation. (2015). Environmental Status Report for İstanbul Page: 54. http://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/istanbul/icerikbelge/icerikbelge43894.pdf. Accessed 16 Apr 2018.
• Ministry of Environment and Urbanisation. (2016). National Waste Management and Action Plan 2016-2023, Page: 32. http://cygm.csb.gov.tr/ulusal-atik-yonetimi-ve-eylem-plani-2016-2023-hazirlandi.-haber-221234. Accessed 16 Apr 2018.
• Misra, V. & Pandey, S. D. (2005). Hazardous waste, impact on health and environment for development of better waste management strategies in future in India. Environment International 31: 417 – 431
• Ozder, A., Teker, B., Eker, H.H, Altındis, S., Kocaakman, M., and Karabay, O. (2013). Medical waste management training for healthcare managers - a necessity?. Journal of Environment Health Sciences and Engineering. 11-20.doi: 10 1186/2052-336X-11-20
• Patwary, M.A., W.T. O’Hare, G. Street, K.M. Elahi, S.S. Hossain, and Sarke. MH. (2009). Country report: Quantitative assessment of medical waste generation in the capital city of Bangladesh. Waste Manage. 29:2392–2397.
• Salihoglu, G. (2010). Industrial hazardous waste management in Turkey: Current state of the field and primary challenges. Journal of Hazardous Materials 177 (2010) 42–56.
• Sarigiannis, D.A. (2017). Assessing the impact of hazardous waste on children's health: The exposome paradigm. Environmental Research 158: 531–541.Seadon, J. K. (2010). Sustainable waste management systems. Journal of Cleaner Production 18, (16–17): 1639-1651.
• Taghipour, H., & Mosaferi, M. (2009). Characterization of medical waste from hospitals in Tabriz, Iran. Sci. Total Environ. 407:1527–1535.
• Taser, A. & Erdoğan, B.Z. (2009). Turkiye'de Tehlikeli Atiklara Iliskin Mevcut Durumun Analizi”, Dumlupinar University. Social Sciences Journal 25:41-48
• Thi, N.B.D., Kumar, G. and Lin, C.Y. (2015). An overview of food waste management in developing countries: Current status and future perspective. Journal of Environmental Management 157: 220-229Tinmaz, E. & Demir I, (2006). Research on solid waste management system: To improve existing situation in Corlu Town of Turkey. Waste Management 26 (2006) 307–314
• Tsakona, M., Anagnostopoulou, E. and Gidarakos, E. (2007). Hospital waste management and toxicity evaluation: A case study. Waste Manage. 27:912–920.
• Turkish Coal Institute. (2014). Locations of Establishments, History of Institute, and Average Number of Workers Web pages. http://www.taskomuru.gov.tr. Accessed 16 Apr 2018.
• Yidong, G., Xin, C, Shuai, Z. and Ancheng, L. (2012). Performance of multi-soil-layering system (MSL) treating leachate from rural unsanitary landfills. Science of The Total Environment 420, 183-190
• Yilmaz, O., Kara, B.Y. and Yetis, U. (2017). Hazardous waste management system design under population and environmental impact considerations. Journal of Environmental Management 2(203): 720-731.