The Presence of Microplastics in the Rayed Pearl Oyster (Pinctada imbricata radiata)

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 4, 742 - 748, 31.12.2021

Dilara Aksakal , Mustafa Çalış , Selçuk Yiğitkurt , Yaşar Durmaz

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1002179

Cited By: 2

Öz

Microplastics are referred to as pieces of polymer from 1 µm to 5 mm in size. In recent years, they have become effective pollutants that have become widespread in the marine environment. Microplastic pollution has begun to be detected in almost every living species in the marine ecosystem. Bivalves, especially those that take their nutrients through filtration, had to take microplastics into their bodies. In this study, microplastic presence was determined in stomach samples of the ray pearl oyster Pinctada imbricata radiata collected from Çeşme Ildır Beach. A 10% KOH (Potassium Hydroxide) solution was used for the degradation of organic materials. 65 microplastic-like particles detected in stomach samples were analyzed by μ-FTIR. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the selected samples were microplastic. Among the detected species, the most common microplastic shape is fiber, the polymer type is Polyethylene (PE), and the most common microplastic color is blue.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aegean Sea, Microplastic, Pinctada imbricata radiata, Rayed pearl oyster.

Işınlı İnci İstiridyesi Pinctada imbricata radiata’da Mikroplastik Varlığı

Öz

Mikroplastikler 1µm ile 5mm boyutlarındaki polimer parçaları olarak adlandırılır. Son yıllarda deniz ortamında yaygınlaşan etkili kirleticiler haline gelmiştir. Mikroplastik kirliliği deniz ekosistemindeki hemen her canlı türü içerisinde tespit edilmeye başlamıştır. Özellikle besinlerini filtrasyon yolu ile alan çift kabuklu canlılar bünyelerine mikroplastik almak zorunda kalmışlardır. Bu çalışma ile Çeşme Ildır Kıyılarından toplanan Işınlı inci istiridyesi Pinctada imbricata radiata’nın mide örnekleri içerisinde mikroplastik varlığının tespiti yapılmıştır. Organik materyallerin sindirimi için %10 KOH (Potasyum Hidroksit) solüsyonu kullanılmıştır. Mide örnekleri içerisinde tespit edilen 65 mikroplastik benzeri parçacık μ-FTIR ile analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda seçilen örneklerin mikroplastik olduğu tespit edilmiş ve tespit edilen türler içerisinde en yaygın görülen mikroplastik şekli fiber, polimer tipi Polietilen (PE) ve en yaygın görülen mikroplastik rengi ise mavi olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ege Denizi, Işınlı inci istiridyesi, Mikroplastik, Pinctada imbricata radiata.

Kaynakça

• Andrady, A.L. (2017). The plastic in microplastics: a review. Mar. Pollut. Bull.,119(1), 12–22. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.01.082
• Auta, H., Emenike, C., Fauziah, S. (2017). Distribution and importance of microplastics in the marine environment: a review of the sources, fate, effects, and potential solutions. Environ. Int., 102,165-176. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.02.013
• Barboza, L.G.A., Gimenez, B.C.G.(2015(. Microplastics in the marine environment: current trends and future perspectives. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 97 (1–2), 5–12. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.06.008
• Barnes, D.K.A., Galgani, F., Thompson, R.C., Barlaz, M., (2009). Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments. Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences, 364(1526),1985-98. DOI:10.1098/rstb.2008.0205
• Barrett, J., Chase, Z., Zhang, J., Banaszak Holl, MM., Willis, K., Williams, A., Hardesty, BD. and Wilcox, C.(2020). Microplastic pollution in deep-sea sediments from the Great Australian Bight, Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, 1-10. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2020.576170.
• Boucher, J. and Friot D. (2017). Primary Microplastics in the Oceans: A Global Evaluation of Sources. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN, 43, 978-2-8317-1827-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2017.01.en
• Browne, M. A., Galloway, T., Thompson, R. 2007. Microplastic—an emerging contaminant of potential concern?. Integrated environmental assessment and Management, 3(4), 559-561. DOI: 10.1002/ieam.5630030412
• Browne, M.A., Dissanayake, A., Galloway, T.S., M. Lowe, D., Thompson, R.C. (2008 Ingested Microscopic Plastic Translocates to the Circulatory System of the Mussel, Mytilus edulis (L.) Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 5026–5031. DOI:10.1021/es800249a
• Cauwenberghe, V.L., Janssen, C.R.(2014). Microplastics in bivalves cultured for human consumption. Environ. Pollut.,193, 65–70. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.06.010
• Ding, J.F., Li, J.X., Sun, C.J., He, C.F., Jiang F.H., Gao, F.L., Zheng, L.(2018).Seperation and identification of microplastics in digestive system of bivalves. Chinese J. Anal. Chem., 46(5),690-697. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2040(18)61086-2
• Eriksen, M., Lebreton, L.C.M. & Carson, H.S., Thiel, M., Moore, C.J. & Borerro, J.C., Galgani, F., Ryan, P.G. & Reisser, J. (2014). Plastic pollution in the world's oceans: more than 5 trillion plastic pieces weighing over 250,000 tons afloat at sea. PLoS One, 9(12),111913. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111913
• Fendall, L.S., Sewell, M.A.(2009). Contributing to marine pollution by washing your face: microplastics in facial cleansers. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 58 (8), 1225–1228. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.04.025
• Frias, J. P. G. L., Nash, R. (2019). Microplastics: Finding a consensus on the definition. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 138, 145-147. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.11.022
• Gedik, K., Eryas, A.R.(2020).Microplastic pollution profile of Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) collected along the Turkish coasts. Chemosphere, 260, 127570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127570
• GESAMP (2016). “Sources, fate and effects of microplastics in the marine environment: part two of a global assessment” (Kershaw, P.J., and Rochman, C.M., eds). (IMO/FAO/UNESCO-IOC/UNIDO/WMO/IAEA/UN/ UNEP/UNDP Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection). Rep. Stud. GESAMP No. 93, 220 p.
• Gill, V. (2020). Plastik kirliliği 2040'ta 1 milyar 300 milyon tona ulaşacak. Erişim Tarihi: 16.09.2021, https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-53531186
• Gündoğdu, S., Çevik, C., Ataş, N.T.(2020). Stuffed with microplastics: Microplastic occurrence in traditional stuffed mussels sold in the Turkish market. Food Bioscience,37,100715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100715
• Hartmann, N., Hüffer, T., Thompson, R. C., Hassellöv, M., Verschoor, A., Daugaard, A. E., Rist, S. & Karlsson, T., Brennholt, N. & Cole, M., Herrling, M. P. & Hess, M., Ivleva, N. & Lusher, A., Wagner, M. (2019). Are we speaking the same language? recommendations for a definition and categorization framework for plastic debris, Environ Sci Technol, 53(3), 1039-1047. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05297
• IUCN. (2018). Marine plastics; IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) – 28 rue Mauverney, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland. Son Erişim: 16.09.2021, https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/marine_plastics_issues_brief_final_0.pdf
• Johnston, I. (2017), How plastic is damaging planet Earth. Son Erişim:16.09.2021, https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/plastic-how-planet-earth-environment-oceans-wildlife-recycling-landfill-artificial-a7972226.html
• Kayan, A., Küçük A. (2020). Plastik kirliliğin çevresel zararları ve çözüm önerileri. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi,İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 22/2 (2020),403-427. E-ISSN 2667-405X
• Kirstein, I. V., Kirmizi, S., Wichels, A., Garin-Fernandez, A., Erler, R., Löder, M., Gerdts, G. (2016). Dangerous hitchhikers Evidence for potentially pathogenic Vibrio spp. on microplastic particles. Marine Environmental Research, 120, 1-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.07.004
• Koelmans, A. (2015). Modeling the role of microplastics in bioaccumulation of organic chemicals to marine aquatic organisms. A critical review. Marine Anthropogenic Litter (pp.309-324) Chapter: 11 Publisher: SpringerEditors: Bergmann M, Gutow L, Klages M. DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-16510-3_11
• Koelmans, A.A., Gouin, T., Thompson, R., Wallace, N., Arthur, C.(2013). Plastics in the marine environment. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,33,5-10. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2426
• Law, K.L.(2017). Plastics in the marine environment. Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci., 9, 205–229. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-010816-060409
• Li, J., Qu, X.,Su, L., Zhang, W., Yang, D., Kolandhasamy, P.,Li, D., Shi, H., Microplastics in mussels along the coastal waters of China. Environmental Pollution,214,177-184. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.012
• MERI. (2015). Guide to Microplastic Identification; Center for Environmental Studies. 55 Main Street, P.O. Box 1652 Blue Hill, ME 04614. Erişin Tarihi: 16.09.2021, https://static1.squarespace.com/static/55b29de4e4b088f33db802c6/t/56faf38459827e51fccdfc2d/1459286952520/MERI_Guide+to+Microplastic+Identification.pdf
• Naji, A., Nuri, M., Vethaak, D.A. (2018). Microplastics contamination in molluscs from the northern part of the Persian Gulf. Environmental Pollution,235,113-120. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.046
• Naji, A., Esmaili, Z., Mason, S.A., Vethaak, D.A. (2017). The occurrence of microplastics contamination in littoral sediments of the Persian Gulf, Iran. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 24(25), 20459-20468. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9587-z
• Ross, P.S., Chastain, S., Vassilenko, E.& Etemadifar, A., Zimmermann, S., Quesnel, S. & Eert, J., Solomon, E. & Patankar, S., Posacka, A.M., Williams, B.(2021) Pervasive distribution of polyester fibres in the Arctic Ocean is driven by Atlantic inputs. Nature Communications,12(1),106. DOI:10.1038/s41467-020-20347-1
• Sharma, S., Chatterjee, S. (2017). Microplastic pollution, a threat to marine ecosystem and human health: a short review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(27), 21530-21547. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9910-8
• Sivri, N., Çullu, F.A.(2020). Doğanın çözümü en zor denklemi: Denizlerdeki plastikler. MTA Doğal Kaynaklar ve Ekonomi Bülteni,29,15-21.
• Teng, J., Wang, Q., Ran, W., Wu, D., Liu, Y., Sun, S., Liu, H., Cao, R., Zhao, J. (2019). Microplastic in cultured oysters from different coastal areas of China. Sci. Total Environ,653,1282-1292. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.057
• Thomas, M., Jon, B, Craig, S., Edward, R. & Ruth, H., John, B., Dick, V.A., Heather, L.A., Matthew, S.(2020). The world is your oyster: low-dose, long-term microplastic exposure of juvenile oysters. Heliyon 6(1). DOI:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03103
• Tutoğlu, N.(2019). Sucul Ortamdaki Mikroplastiklerin İnsan Sağlığına Etkisi ve Arıtma Yöntemlerinin Araştırılması. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Uzmanlık Tezi, Ankara,Türkiye,134s.
• Vandermeersch, G., Van Cauwenberghe, L., Janssen, C.R., Marques, A., Granby, K., Fait, G., Kotterman, M.J.J., Diogene, J., Bekaert, K., Robbens, J., Devriese, L.(2015). A critical review on microplastic quantification in aquatic organisms. Environ. Res., 143, 46–55. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.07.016
• Vidal, J. (2016). Microplastics should be banned in cosmetics to save oceans, British MPs say. Erişim Tarihi: 16.09.2021, https://www.euractiv.com/section/climate-environment/news/microplastics-should-be-banned-in-cosmetics-to-save-oceans-british-mps-say/
• WWF. (2018). WWF, Akdeniz Plastik Raporu'nu yayımladı: Akdeniz'e en çok plastik Türkiye'den. Doğal Hayatı Koruma Vakfı, Türkiye.
• Yozukmaz, A. (2021). Investigation of microplastics in edible wild mussels from ˙Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea, Western Turkey): A risk assessment for the consumers. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 171, 112733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112733
• Yurtsever, M. (2019). Nano- ve mikroplastik’ lerin insan sağlığı ve ekosistem üzerindeki olası etkileri. Menba Kastamonu Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2), 17-24.
• Yurtsever, M.(2015). Mikroplastiklere genel bir bakış. Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 17(2),50-69.