Orman Yangınlarının Toprak kaybı üzerindeki etkisinin RUSLE ve Yeni Bir Yaklaşım Kullanılarak Belirlenmesi: Çınarpınar Orman İşletme Şefliği Örneği/Türkiye

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 435 - 448, 30.09.2023

Hurem Dutal

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1300671

Öz

Su erozyonu dünya genelinde çevresel, ekonomik ve sosyolojik bir sorundur. Günümüzde orman yangınları, özellikle Akdeniz havzasında, su erozyonunun daha fazla oluşmasını tetiklemektedir. Bu nedenle, bu çalışma Türkiye'de Çınarpınar Orman İşletmesi'nde orman yangınlarının toprak kaybı duyarlılığı üzerindeki etkisini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Toprak kaybını belirlemek için RUSLE modeli kullanılmıştır. Mevcut durum (ana senaryo) ve orman yangını senaryosu için iki toprak kaybı haritası oluşturulmuştur. Orman yangını senaryosu için, RUSLE modelindeki R, K ve LS faktörleri yangın şiddet indeksine bağlı olarak değiştirilmiştir. Son olarak, ana ve orman yangını senaryolarını temsil eden iki harita karşılaştırılmıştır. Çınarpınar Orman İşletmesi'nde mevcut ortalama toprak kaybı 5,34 t ha-1 yıl-1 olarak bulunurken, orman yangını senaryosu için ortalama toprak kaybı 12,44 t ha-1 yıl-1 olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma alanında orman yangınlarının toprak kaybını 2 kattan fazla artırabileceği tespit edilmiştir. Orman yangınlarına karşı çok düşük toprak kaybı duyarlılığına sahip alanlar verimli ormanların %41,97'sini oluştururken, çok yüksek, yüksek, orta ve düşük toprak kaybı duyarlılığına sahip alanlar verimli ormanların sırasıyla %3,64, %9,28, %27,50 ve %17,61'ini oluşturmaktadır. Doğal koşullar altında yangın şiddeti ile toprak kaybı duyarlılığı arasında her zaman doğrusal bir ilişki olmadığı da ortaya konulmuştur. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmanın hem orman yangını hem de toprak kaybı risklerini azaltmayı amaçlayan çok amaçlı yaklaşımın uygulanmasında karar vericilere yardımcı olacağı ümit edilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Akdeniz havzası, Orman yangını şiddeti, RUSLE, Toprak erozyonu

Determining the Effect of Forest Fires on Soil Loss Using RUSLE and a New Approach: The Case of Çınarpınar Forestry Enterprise/Türkiye

Öz

Soil erosion by water (WSE) is an environmental, economic, and sociological problem in the world. Nowadays, forest fires have triggered more WSE, especially in the Mediterranean basin. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the effect of forest fires on soil loss susceptibility in the Çınarpınar Forestry Enterprise, Turkey. The RUSLE model was used to determine soil loss. Two soil loss maps were generated for the actual situation (base scenario) and forest fire scenario. For the forest fire scenario, R, K, and LS factors in the RUSLE model were modified based on the forest fire severity index. Finally, two maps representing base and forest fire scenarios were compared. The actual mean soil loss was found as 5.34 t ha-1 year-1 in the Çınarpınar Forestry Enterprise while the mean soil loss was determined as 12.44 t ha-1 year-1 for the forest fire scenario. It was found that forest fires would increase soil loss by more than 2 times in the study area. Areas with very low soil loss susceptibility to forest fires constitute 41.97% of productive forests, while areas with very high, high, medium, and low soil loss susceptibility constitute 3.64%, 9.28%, 27.50%, and 17.61% of productive forests, respectively. It was also revealed that there is not always a linear relationship between fire severity and soil loss susceptibility under natural conditions. Consequently, it is hoped that this study will help decision-makers in the implementation of the multi-purpose approach, which aims to reduce the risk of both forest fire and soil loss.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Forest fire severity, Mediterranean basin, RUSLE, Soil erosion

Kaynakça

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