Investigations of Spatial and Temporal Land Use/Land Cover Changes in Trabzon Province (1990-2018) Using CORINE Maps and Landscape Metrics

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 536 - 544, 30.09.2023

Tuğba Üstün Topal , Sultan Sevinç Kurt Konakoğlu

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1353548

Cited By: 1

Öz

In this study; it is aimed to analyze the temporal and spatial changes in land use/land cover of Trabzon province with the population increase in the 28-year period between 1990-2018 by analyzing it with CORINE maps and landscape metrics. Within the scope of the study, temporal variation analysis was carried out using CORINE maps of the years 1990, 2000, 2006, 2012 and 2018. In Trabzon, according to the CORINE classification system, a total of 4 main groups have been identified at the first level, and at the third level, 19 land use/land cover classes have been identified for 1990, 20 for 2000, 24 for 2006, and 26 for 2012 and 2018. It was observed that the most differentiation occurred in the agricultural areas class in the 28-year period. In addition, the metrics of class area (CA), number of patches (NumP), mean patch size (MPS), edge density (ED), total edge (TE) and mean shape index (MSI) were calculated through ARCGIS's Patch Analyst plugin in the study. The changes that have occurred have been examined. Accordingly, there has been a decrease in the size of forest and seminatural areas and agricultural areas with the increase in the size of the artificial surfaces due to the increase in human activities and population over the past 28 years. In addition, due to the continuous increase in the number of patches in the agricultural areas over time and the decrease in the average size of the patches, the fragmentation of the agricultural areas has been more common. The least change was in the water bodies. In line with the findings obtained, sustainable planning and land use suggestions for land use were presented.

Anahtar Kelimeler

CORINE, Landscape metrics, Land Use/Land Cover, Trabzon

Teşekkür

The authors would like to thank Copernicus Land Monitoring Service for their data support for providing CORINE data free of charge.

Trabzon İlinin Mekânsal ve Zamansal Arazi Kullanımı/Arazi Örtüsü Değişimlerinin (1990-2018) CORINE Haritaları ve Peyzaj Metrikleri Kullanılarak İncelenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada; Trabzon ilinin 1990-2018 yılları arasında 28 yıllık dönemde nüfus artışıyla birlikte zamansal ve mekânsal olarak meydana gelen arazi örtüsü/arazi kullanımındaki değişimlerin CORİNE haritaları ve peyzaj metrikleri ile analiz edilerek değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında, 1990, 2000, 2006, 2012 ve 2018 yıllarına ait CORİNE haritaları kullanılarak zamansal değişim analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Trabzon ilinde, CORINE sınıflandırma sistemine göre birinci düzeyde toplamda 4 ana grup tespit edilmiş olup üçüncü düzeyde 1990 yılına ait 19, 2000 yılına ait 20, 2006 yılına ait 24, 2012 ve 2018 yıllarına ait 26 arazi örtüsü/alan kullanımı sınıfı tespit edilmiştir. 28 yıllık süreçte en çok farklılaşmanın tarım alanları sınıfında meydana geldiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca çalışmada sınıf alanı (CA), leke sayısı (NumP), ortalama leke büyüklüğü (MPS), kenar yoğunluğu (ED), toplam kenar (TE) ve ortalama şekil indeksi (MSI) metrikleri ArcGIS’in Patch Analyst eklentisi aracılığıyla hesaplanmıştır. Meydana gelen değişimler incelenmiştir. Buna göre, geçen 28 yıllık süre içerisinde insan faaliyetlerinin ve nüfusun artmasına bağlı olarak yapısal alanların büyüklüğünün artmasıyla ormanlık ve yarı doğal alanlar ile tarım alanlarının büyüklüğünde azalmalar olmuştur. Ayrıca, tarım alanlarının leke sayısının zaman içerisinde sürekli artması ve ortalama leke büyüklüklerinin sürekli azalmasından dolayı tarım alanlarında parçalanma daha fazla yaşanmıştır. En az değişim ise su kütlelerinde olmuştur. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda arazi kullanımına yönelik sürdürülebilir planlama ve alan kullanım önerileri sunulmuştur

Anahtar Kelimeler

Arazi Örtüsü/Arazi Kullanımı, CORINE, Peyzaj Metrikleri, Trabzon

Kaynakça

• Aksoy, T., Dabanli, A., Cetin, M., Senyel Kurkcuoglu, M.A., Cengiz, A.E., Cabuk, S.N. & Cabuk, A. (2022). Evaluation of comparing urban area land use change with Urban Atlas and CORINE data. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(19), 28995-29015.
• Aydın, A. & Eker, R. (2022). Future land use/land cover scenarios considering natural hazards using DynaCLUE in Uzungöl Nature Conservation Area (Trabzon-NE Türkiye). Nat Hazards 114, 2683- 2707. DOI: 10.1007/s11069-022-05485-7
• Botequilha Leitão, A., Miller, J., Ahern, J. & McGarigal, K. (2006). Measuring Landscapes: A Professional Planner’s Manual, Island Press, Washington, D.C.,. 240p.
• Bossard, M., Feranec, J. & Otahel, J. (2000). CORINE Land Cover Technical Guide: Addendum-2000. European Environment Agency, Copenhagen, 105p.
• Bouhennache, R., Bouden, T., Taleb-Ahmed, A. & Cheddad, A. (2019). A new spectral index for the extraction of built-up land features from Landsat 8 satellite imagery. Geocarto International, 34(14), 1531-1551.
• Bramhe, V.S., Ghosh, S.K. & Garg, P.K. (2018). Extraction of built-up area by combining textural features and spectral indices from landsat-8 multispectral image. The International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 42, 727-733.
• Brown, D.G., Polsky, C., Bolstad, P., Brody, S.D., Hulse, D., Kroh, R., Loveland, T.R. & Thomson, A. (2014). Land Use and Land Cover Change. In: Melillo, J.M., Terese, T.C., Richmond, G. & Yohe, W. (Ed), Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment, 318-332, Global Change Research Program, U.S.
• Çolak, H.E. & Memişoğlu, T. (2017). Temporal changes of land use capability classification depending on the urban development: Case study of Trabzon Province. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 4, 167-171.
• Çorbacı, Ö.L. & Dönmez, Y. (2019). Peyzajın Yapısının (Peyzaj Karakter Tüplerinin) Tanımlanması ve Haritalanması: Bartın İli Amasra İlçesi Örneği. In: Kaya L.G. (Ed), Mimarlık Tasarım ve Planlama Alanında Yeni Ufuklar, 329-366, Gece Kitaplığı, Ankara, Türkiye.
• Demir, S. & Demirel, Ö. (2016). Analysis Temporal Land Use/Land Cover Change Based on Landscape Pattern and Dynamic Metrics in Protected Mary Valley, Trabzon from 1987 to 2015. In: Efe R., Curebal İ, Gad A. & Toth B. (Ed), Environmental Sustainability and Landscape Management, 292- 306, St.Kliment Ohridski University Press, Sofia.
• Erdogan, N., Kesgin Atak, B. & Nurlu, E. (2014). Modeling of Land Use Dynamics: Case Studies on Urban Growth in Turkey, In: Efe, R., Onay, T. T., Sharuho, I. & Atasoy, E. (Ed), Urban and Urbanization, 11-25p, St. Kliment Ohridski University Press, Sofia, Bulgaria.
• Eren, B. & Taşlı, C. (2023). Peyzaj Yapısındaki Zamansal/Mekânsal Değişimin Metrik Analizi ile Değerlendirilmesi: Çanakkale Kent Merkezi. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 11(1), 204-222.
• Esbah, H., Kara, B., Deniz, B. & Kesgin, B. (2010). Changing land cover characteristics of a developing coastal town: a case study of Didim, Turkey. Journal of Coastal Research, 26(2), 274- 282.
• Estoque, R.C. & Murayama, Y. (2015). Classification and change detection of built-up lands from Landsat-7 ETM+ and Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS imageries: A comparative assessment of various spectral indices. Ecological indicators, 56, 205- 217.
• ETC/LC. (1994). CORINE Land Cover. Commission of the Europe- an Communities, https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/COR0- part1. (23 August 2023).
• ETC/LC. (1995). CORINE Land Cover. Commission of the Europe- an Communities, http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/COR0- landcover. (23 August 2023).
• Fichera, C.R., Modica, G. & Pollino, M. (2012). Land cover classification and change-detection analysis using multi-temporal remote sensed imagery and landscape metrics. European Journal of Remote Sensing, 45, 2279-725.
• Forman, R.T.T. (1995). Land Mosaics. The Ecology of Landscapes and Regions, Cambridge University Press, 632 p.
• Herold, M., Couclelis, H. & Clarke, K.C. (2005). The role of spatial metrics in the analysis and modeling of urban land use change. Computers, environment and urban systems, 29(4), 369-399.
• Gaur, S. & Singh, R. (2023). A comprehensive review on land use/land cover (LULC) change modeling for urban development: current status and future prospects. Sustainability, 15(2), 903.
• Harmanşah, F. (2018). Türkiye’de Kaliteli Kaba Yem Üretimi, Sorunlar ve Öneriler. TURKTOB Dergisi, 25, 9-13.
• Hussain, S., Mubeen, M. & Karuppannan, S. (2022). Land use and land cover (LULC) change analysis using TM, ETM+ and OLI Landsat images in district of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 126, 103117.
• Jensen, J. R. (1996). Remote sensing of mangrove wetlands: relating canopy spectra to site-specific data. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 62(8), 939-948.
• Kadıoğlu, Y. (2011). Land use and major issues of planning in city of Trabzon. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 19, 354-362.
• Kahya, O., Bayram, B. & Reis, S. (2010). Land cover classification with an expert system approach using Landsat ETM imagery: a case study of Trabzon. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 160(1), 431-438.
• Kaimaris, D. & Patias, P. (2016). Identification and area measurement of the built-up area with the Builtup Index (BUI). International Journal of Advanced Remote Sensing and GIS, 5(1), 1844- 1858.
• Karaali, İ., Tonyaloğlu, E.E., Kesgin Atak, B. & Nurlu, E. (2020). Alan kullanımı/arazi örtüsü değişiminin mekânsal ve zamansal analizi: İzmir/Türkiye Örneği. Uluslararası Doğu Anadolu Fen Mühendislik ve Tasarım Dergisi, 2(2), 308-324.
• Keleş, S., Sivrikaya, F., Çakir, G. & Köse, S. (2008). Urbanization and forest cover change in regional directorate of Trabzon forestry from 1975 to 2000 using landsat data. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 140(1), 1-14.
• Kesgin Atak, B. (2020). Kentsel Peyzaj Yapısındaki Değişimlerin Peyzaj Metrikleri ile Analizi, İzmir Örneği. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(57), 119-128.
• Khan, J.A., Khayyam, U., Waheed, A. & Khokhar, M.F. (2023). Exploring the nexus between land use land cover (LULC) changes and population growth in a planned city of islamabad and unplanned city of Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Heliyon, 9(2), e13297.
• Lee, J.K., Acharya, T.D. & Lee, D.H. (2018). Exploring land cover classification accuracy of Landsat 8 image using spectral index layer stacking in hilly region of South Korea. Sensors and Materials, 30(12), 2927-2941.
• Lindenmayer, D.B. & Fischer, J. (2013). Habitat fragmentation and landscape change: an ecological and conservation synthesis. Island Press, 352p.
• McHarg, I. (1969). Design with Nature, The Natural History Press, New York City.
• McGarigal, K. & Marks, B. (1995). Fragstats: spatial pattern anaysis program for quantifying landscape structure, United States Department of Agriculture Pacific Northwest Researcj Station General Technical Report PNW-351, Corvallis.
• McGarigal, K., Tagil, S. & Cushman, S.A. (2009). Surface Metrics: An Alternative To Patch Metrics For The Quantification of Landscape Structure. Landscape Ecology, 24(3), 433-450.
• Meffe, G.K. & Carroll, C.R. (1997). Principles of conservation biology, Sinauer Associates Inc, Sunderland, Massachusetts. 729p.
• Mohamed, A., Worku, H. & Kindu, M. (2021). Quantification and mapping of the spatial landscape pattern and its planning and management implications a case study in Addis Ababa and the surrounding area, Ethiopia. Geology, Ecology and Landscapes, 5(3), 161-172.
• Ndubisi, F. (2002). Ecological Planning: A Historical and Comparative Synthesis, The Johns Hopkins University Press, USA, 287p.
• Oğuz, H., & Zengin, M. (2011). Peyzaj patern metrikleri ve landsat 5 tm uydu görüntüleri kullanılarak arazi örtüsü/arazi kullanımı değişimi analizi (1984- 2010): Kahramanmaraş Örneği. I. Ulusal Akdeniz Orman ve Çevre Sempozyumu, 26 Ekim 2011, Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye, 854-864.
• Ojeda Olivares, E.A., Sandoval Torres, S., Belmonte Jiménez, S.I., Campos Enríquez, J.O., Zignol, F., Reygadas, Y. & Tiefenbacher, J.P. (2019). Climate change, land use/land cover change, and population growth as drivers of groundwater depletion in the Central Valleys, Oaxaca, Mexico. Remote Sensing, 11(11), 1290.
• Pal, S., Singha, P., Lepcha, K., Debanshi, S. & Talukdar, S. (2021). Proposing Multicriteria Decision Based Valuation of Ecosystem Services for Fragmented Landscape in Mountainous Environment. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 21, 100454.
• Polat, P. & Yalçın, F. (2020). Erzincan ili arazi kullanımının (2000-2018 yılları arası) corıne sistemi ile değerlendirilmesi. Doğu Coğrafya Dergisi, 25(44), 125-150.
• Sarı, H., & Özşahin, E. (2016). CORINE Sistemine Gore Tekirdağ İlinin AKAO (Arazi Kullanımı/Arazi Örtüsü) Özelliklerinin Analizi. Alınteri Zirai Bilimler Dergisi, 30(1), 13-26.
• Sesli, F.A., Karsli, F., Colkesen, I. & Akyol, N. (2009). Monitoring the changing position of coastlines using aerial and satellite image data: an example from the eastern coast of Trabzon, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 153(1), 391-403.
• Shehu, P., Rikko, L.S. & Azi, M.B. (2023). Monitoring urban growth and changes in land use and land cover: a strategy for sustainable urban development. International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management, 8(1), 111-126.
• Steiner, F. (2000). The Living Landscape an Ecological Approach to Landscape Planning. Arizona State University, McGraw Hill, 496p.
• Steenmans, C. & Bergström, R. (1998). State of Play of the EEA European Topic Centre on Land Cover. Içinde Land Cover and Land Use İnformation Systems for European Union Policy Needs. European Communities, Proceedings of the Seminar, 21-23 January 1998, Luxembourg, 37- 43p.
• Topal, T.Ü. (2022). Nature- based Solutions for Biodiversity in Cities. In: Özyavuz, M. (ED), Sustainability, Conservation and Ecology in Spatial Planning and Design, 211-228p, Peter Lang.
• TUİK. (2019). https://data.tuik.gov.tr/ , (29 May 2023). Turan, İ.D., Dengiz, O. & Kaya, N.S. (2021). Arazi örtüsü/arazi kullanım değişimlerinin farklı zamanlı landsat uydu görüntüleri ile belirlenmesi: Çarşamba delta ovası örneği. ÇOMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(1), 141-152.
• Turner, B.L., Moss, R.H. & Skole, D. (1993). Relating Land Use and Global Land-Cover Change: A Proposal for an IGBP-HDP Core Project, International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme, Stockholm, Sweden, 105p.
• Turner, M.G. (1989). Landscape Ecology: The Effect of Pattern on Process. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 20, 171-197.
• Turner, M.G., Gardner, R.H. & O‟Neill, R.V. (2001). Landscape ecology in theory and practice: pattern and Process, Springer-Verlag, New York.
• URL-1. (2023). https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trabzon, (18 June 2023).
• URL-2. (2023). https://trabzon.net.tr/trabzon/trabzondatarim-ve-hayvancilik.html, (18 June 2023).
• URL-3. (2023). https://corine.tarimorman.gov.tr/corineportal/ara ziortususiniflari.html, (23 June 2023).
• Ünlükaplan, Y. & Karagöz, E.D. (2022). Peyzaj Çeşitliliğindeki Zamana Bağlı Değişimin İrdelenmesi: Afşin-Elbistan Termik Santrali Örneği. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 53(1), 58-66.
• Wascher, D.M. (2004). Landscape-indicator development: steps towards a European approach. The New Dimensions of the European Landscapes, 4, 237-252.
• Verburg, P.H., Van De Steeg, J., Veldkamp, A. & Willemen, L. (2009). From land cover change to land function dynamics: A major challenge to improve land characterization. Journal of Environmental Management, 90(3), 1327-1335.
• Yetişen, A., Pirli, A. & Gülgün, B. (2022). Manisa İli Merkez İlçeleri Kent Peyzajının Ekolojik Bağlantılılık Çerçevesinde Değerlendirilmesi. In: Yazıcı, K. (Ed), Güncel Gelişmeler Işığında Peyzaj Mimarlığı Çalışmaları-2022, 3-28p, İksad Publishing House.
• Zha, Y., Gao, J. & Ni, S. (2003). Use of normalized difference built-up index in automatically mapping urban areas from TM imagery. International journal of remote sensing, 24(3), 583-594.
• Zuhairi, A., Nur Syahira Azlyn, A., Nur Suhaila, M.R. & Mohd Zaini, M. (2020). Land Use Classification and Mapping Using Landsat Imagery for GIS Database in Langkawi Island. Science Heritage Journal (GWS), 4(2), 40-44.