Determination of the Effects of Mucilage on Seagrass Posidonia oceanica in Çanakkale Strait
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 8 Sayı: 4, 764 - 772, 31.12.2023
İlknur Ak
,
Cahide Çiğdem Yığın
,
Adnan Ayaz
,
Uğur Altınağaç
,
Alkan Öztekin
,
Yusuf Şen
,
Koray Cabbar
,
Melis Yılmaz
,
Gençtan Erman Uğur
,
Özge Özgür
,
Sibel Atak
,
Damla Korkut
Öz
In the Marmara Sea and Turkish Straits Systems in 2021, an event called mucilage, which consists of extracellular polysaccharides, occurred due to the excessive proliferation of microalgae, which plays an essential role in primary production depending on the water temperature. Considering the size of the area where it took place and the number of affected living communities, our country has taken its place in history as the most significant environmental disaster in marine areas. For this reason, it is crucial to determine the situation of the seagrass meadows distributed in the Dardanelles after this event. Within the scope of the study, the status of P. oceanica meadows distributed in Dardanos, Çanakkale Strait was determined, phenological and lepidochronological studies were carried out and "Ecological Quality ratios" were determined according to the BiPo index. As a result of the study, it has been determined that the lower limit of seagrass, distributed in the Dardanos region in the last eight years, has decreased by about 1.4 m and spread to a depth of 15.6 m. In addition, while Caulerpa racemosa, one of the green algae, was extensively distributed in the lower limit borders of seagrass meadows in 2014, the presence of red algae belonging to the Ceremiales order in the lower limit borders of our study was remarkable. The ecological quality ratios obtained according to the BiPo index varied between 0.30 and 0.20. As a result of the study, based on this index, the condition of the P. oceanica meadows in the Dardanos region was determined as "bad" after the mucilage event, and it is essential to create action plans for the protection of the meadows in this region.
Kaynakça
- Ak, İ. (2015). Sucul ortamın ekonomik bitkileri; makro algler.
Dünya Gıda Dergisi, Aralık 2015, 88-97.
- Akçalı, B., Bizsel, K.C., Kabaoğlu, G., Güçlüsoy, H. &
Alaçam, Ö. (2008). Preliminary study of monitoring
seagrasses (Posidonia oceanica) in Foça's Special
Environmental Protected Area. 12. Underwater and
Science Technologies Meeting, Ege University, 69-
75.
- Akçalı, B., Alan, V., Birzsel, C., Bengil, F., Kavcıoğlu, R.,
Kobaoğlu, G. & Güçlüsoy, H. (2015). Posidonia
oceanica L. (Delile) Sualtı Araştırma İstasyonu
Kurulumu ve İzlenmesi: Aliağa Star Rafinerisi
Örneği. 18. Sualtı Bilim ve Teknolojisi Toplantısı,
İzmir, Bildiri Kitabı, F.O. Düzbastılar (Ed.), 161-
166.
- Akçalı, B., Taşkın, E., Kaman, G., Evcen, A., Çalık, H. &
Akyol O. (2020). Posidonia oceanica Monitoring System on the Coast of Aegean Sea of Turkey.
Bonora, L., Carboni, D., & De Vincenzi, M. (Eds.).
Monitoring of Mediterranean Coastal Areas
Problems and Measurement Techniques. Eighth
International Symposium, Livorno (Italy) June.
Firenze University Press.
- Aktan, Y., Al Asimi, S., Gümüşoğlu, A., Pergent, G. &
Pergent-Martini, C. (2009). Gökçeada Kıyılarında
Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile Çayırları İzleme
Sistemleri. 15. Ulusal Su Ürünleri Sempozyumu,
Rize, Türkiye, 103-105.
- Aktan, Y. & Aysel, V. (2013). First national workshop on
Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile on the coasts of
Turkey. Turkish Marine Research Foundation
Publication, 39, 12-79.
- Aktan, Y. & Gümüşoğlu, A. (2010). Another threat on
Posidonia oceanica beds: mucilage effect in
Gökçeada Island, North Aegean Sea, Turkey.
Proceedings of the 4. Mediterranean Symposium on
Marine Vegetation, RAC/spa publ., Tunis, 22-210.
- Aslan, H., Tekeli, Z. & Bacak, Ö. (2021). Effects of
mucilage on the benthic crustacean in the North
Aegean Sea. Journal of the Black
Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 27(2): 214-231.
- Balkıs-Ozdelice, N., Durmus, T. & Balcı, M. (2021). A
preliminary study on the intense pelagic and benthic
mucilage phenomenon observed in the Sea of
Marmara. International Journal of Environment and
Geoinformatics, 8(4), 414-422.
- Bilgili, L., Çetinkaya, A.Y. & Sarı, M. (2022). Analysis of
the effects of domestic waste disposal methods on
mucilage with life cycle assessment. Marine
Pollution Bulletin, 180, 113813.
- Boudouresque, C.F., Bernard, G., Bonhomme, P.,
Charbonnel, E., Diviacco, G., Meinesz, A.,
Pergent, G., Pergent-Martini, C., Ruitton, S. &
Tunesi, L. (2012). Protection and conservation of
Posidonia oceanica meadows. RAMOGE &
RAC/SPA, Monaco. pp:202
- Cirik, Ş. & Cirik, S. (2017). Su Bitkileri (Deniz bitkilerinin
biyolojisi, ekolojisi, yetiştirme teknikleri). Ege
Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Yayınları,İzmir.
p: 5-145.
- Danovaro, R., Fonda Umani, S. & Pusceddu, A. (2009).
Climate Change and the Potential Spreading of
Marine Mucilage and Microbial Pathogens in the
Mediterranean Sea. PLOS ONE, 4(9), e7006.
- Demir, E.İ. & Turkoglu, M. (2022). Temporal variations of
phytoplankton community and their correlation with
environmental factors in the coastal waters of the
Çanakkale Strait in 2018. Oceanologia, 64(1), 176-
197.
- Descamp, P., Cornu, T., Bougerol, M., Boissery, P., Ferlat,
C., Delaruelle, G., Deter, J., Gobert, S. & Ozhan,
E. (2017). Experimental transplantation of
Posidonia oceanica, Mediterranean Coastal
Foundation.13th International MEDCOAST
Congress on Coastal and Marine Sciences,
Engineering, Management and Conservation,
MEDCOAST 2017, Malta, 1-225.
- Di Carlo, G., Badalamenti, F., Jensen, A.C., Koch, E.W. &
Riggio, S. (2005). Colonisation process of
vegetative fragments of Posidonia oceanica (L.)
Delile on rubble mounds. Marine Biology, 147(6),
1261-1270.
- Díaz-Almela, E. & Duarte, C. (2008). Management of
Natura 2000 habitats. 1120* Posidonia beds
(Posidonion oceanica). Directive 92/43/EEC on the
conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna
and flora. European Commission, Belgium, 1-32.
- Dural, B. (2010). Phenological observations on Posidonia
oceanica (L.) Delile meadows along the coast of
Akkum (Sığacık Bay, Aegean Sea, Turkey). J. Black
Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 16(1), 133-144.
- Dural, B., Aysel, V. & Demir, N. (2013). Posidonia oceanica
(L.) Delile on the coasts of Turkey. First National
workshop on Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile on the
coasts of Turkey. 19-20 September 2013, Gökçeada,
Türkiye, 1-19.
- Eker-Develi, E., Tekdal, D., Demet, A.E., Yıldız, H.B. &
Kideys, A.E. (2023). Morphology, Molecular
Genetics and Potential Importance for Mucilage
Events of the New Coccolithophorid Ochrosphaera
neapolitana in the Sea of Marmara. Journal of
Marine Science and Engineering, 11(3), 468.
- Erduğan, H. (2022). Müsilajın Çanakkale Boğazı Makro
Alglerine Etkisi. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart
University Journal of Marine Sciences and
Fisheries, 5(Special Issue), 33-37.
- Fourqurean, J.W., Duarte, C.M., Kennedy, H., Marbà, N.,
Holmer, M., Mateo, M. A., Apostolaki, E.T.,
Kendrick, G.A., Krause-Jensen, D., McGlathery,
K.J. & Serrano, O. (2012). Seagrass ecosystems as
a globally significant carbon stock. Nature
Geoscience, 5(7), 505-509.
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B. & Vojvodić, V. (2005). Temporal dynamics of
dissolved and particulate organic carbon in the
northern Adriatic Sea in relation to the mucilage
events. Science of the Total Environment, 353(1-3),
126-138.
- Gobert, S., Cambridge, M.L, Velimirov, B., Pergent, G.,
Lepoint, G., Bouquegneau, M.J., Dauby, P.,
Pergent, C.M. & Walker, D.I. (2006). Biology of
Posidonia. Larkum A.W.D, Orth R.J. & Duarte C.M.
(Eds.). Seagrasses: Biology, ecology and
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Müsilajın Çanakkale Boğazı’nda Dağılım Gösteren Posidonia oceanica Çayırlarına Etkisi
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 8 Sayı: 4, 764 - 772, 31.12.2023
İlknur Ak
,
Cahide Çiğdem Yığın
,
Adnan Ayaz
,
Uğur Altınağaç
,
Alkan Öztekin
,
Yusuf Şen
,
Koray Cabbar
,
Melis Yılmaz
,
Gençtan Erman Uğur
,
Özge Özgür
,
Sibel Atak
,
Damla Korkut
Öz
2021 yılı içerisinde Marmara Denizi ve Türk Boğazlar Sistemlerinde, su sıcaklığına bağlı olarak birincil üretimde önemli rol oynayan mikro alglerin aşırı çoğalması sonucunda hücre dışı polisakkaritlerden oluşan Müsilaj adı verilen bir olay meydana gelmiştir. Gerçekleştiği alanın büyüklüğü ve etkilenen canlı topluluklarının sayısı dikkate alındığında ülkemiz denizel alanlarında gerçekleşen en büyük çevre felaketi olarak tarihte yerini almıştır. Bu nedenle Çanakkale Boğazı’nda dağılım gösteren deniz çayırlarının bu olaydan sonra durum tespiti önem taşımaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında Çanakkale Boğazı, Dardanos mevkiinde dağılım gösteren P. oceanica çayırlarının mevcut durumu belirlenerek, fenolojik ve lepidokronolojik çalışmaları yapılmış ve BiPo indeksine göre “Ekolojik Kalite oranları” belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda son sekiz yılda Dardanos bölgesinde dağılım gösteren deniz çayırı alt limitinin yaklaşık 1,4 m gerileyerek 15,6 m derinliğe kadar dağılım gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca 2014 yılında deniz çayırlarının alt limit sınırlarında yeşil alglerden Caulerpa racemosa yoğun olarak dağılım gösterirken gerçekleştirdiğimiz çalışmada alt limit sınırlarında Ceremiales takımına ait kırmızı alglerin varlığı dikkat çekmiştir. BiPo indeksine göre elde edilen ekolojik kalite oranları 0,30- 0,20 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, bu indekse dayanarak Dardanos bölgesindeki P. oceanica çayırlarının müsilaj olayından sonra durumu "kötü" olarak belirlenmiş olup bu bölgedeki çayırların korunması yönelik eylem planlarının oluşturulması önem arz etmektedir.
Destekleyen Kurum
TUBİTAK
Teşekkür
Bu çalışma TUBİTAK tarafından 121G087 numaralı “Müsilajın Posidonia oceanica Çayırları ile Balık Tür Çeşitliliğine Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi ve Restorasyon” isimli proje ile desteklemiştir
Kaynakça
- Ak, İ. (2015). Sucul ortamın ekonomik bitkileri; makro algler.
Dünya Gıda Dergisi, Aralık 2015, 88-97.
- Akçalı, B., Bizsel, K.C., Kabaoğlu, G., Güçlüsoy, H. &
Alaçam, Ö. (2008). Preliminary study of monitoring
seagrasses (Posidonia oceanica) in Foça's Special
Environmental Protected Area. 12. Underwater and
Science Technologies Meeting, Ege University, 69-
75.
- Akçalı, B., Alan, V., Birzsel, C., Bengil, F., Kavcıoğlu, R.,
Kobaoğlu, G. & Güçlüsoy, H. (2015). Posidonia
oceanica L. (Delile) Sualtı Araştırma İstasyonu
Kurulumu ve İzlenmesi: Aliağa Star Rafinerisi
Örneği. 18. Sualtı Bilim ve Teknolojisi Toplantısı,
İzmir, Bildiri Kitabı, F.O. Düzbastılar (Ed.), 161-
166.
- Akçalı, B., Taşkın, E., Kaman, G., Evcen, A., Çalık, H. &
Akyol O. (2020). Posidonia oceanica Monitoring System on the Coast of Aegean Sea of Turkey.
Bonora, L., Carboni, D., & De Vincenzi, M. (Eds.).
Monitoring of Mediterranean Coastal Areas
Problems and Measurement Techniques. Eighth
International Symposium, Livorno (Italy) June.
Firenze University Press.
- Aktan, Y., Al Asimi, S., Gümüşoğlu, A., Pergent, G. &
Pergent-Martini, C. (2009). Gökçeada Kıyılarında
Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile Çayırları İzleme
Sistemleri. 15. Ulusal Su Ürünleri Sempozyumu,
Rize, Türkiye, 103-105.
- Aktan, Y. & Aysel, V. (2013). First national workshop on
Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile on the coasts of
Turkey. Turkish Marine Research Foundation
Publication, 39, 12-79.
- Aktan, Y. & Gümüşoğlu, A. (2010). Another threat on
Posidonia oceanica beds: mucilage effect in
Gökçeada Island, North Aegean Sea, Turkey.
Proceedings of the 4. Mediterranean Symposium on
Marine Vegetation, RAC/spa publ., Tunis, 22-210.
- Aslan, H., Tekeli, Z. & Bacak, Ö. (2021). Effects of
mucilage on the benthic crustacean in the North
Aegean Sea. Journal of the Black
Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 27(2): 214-231.
- Balkıs-Ozdelice, N., Durmus, T. & Balcı, M. (2021). A
preliminary study on the intense pelagic and benthic
mucilage phenomenon observed in the Sea of
Marmara. International Journal of Environment and
Geoinformatics, 8(4), 414-422.
- Bilgili, L., Çetinkaya, A.Y. & Sarı, M. (2022). Analysis of
the effects of domestic waste disposal methods on
mucilage with life cycle assessment. Marine
Pollution Bulletin, 180, 113813.
- Boudouresque, C.F., Bernard, G., Bonhomme, P.,
Charbonnel, E., Diviacco, G., Meinesz, A.,
Pergent, G., Pergent-Martini, C., Ruitton, S. &
Tunesi, L. (2012). Protection and conservation of
Posidonia oceanica meadows. RAMOGE &
RAC/SPA, Monaco. pp:202
- Cirik, Ş. & Cirik, S. (2017). Su Bitkileri (Deniz bitkilerinin
biyolojisi, ekolojisi, yetiştirme teknikleri). Ege
Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Yayınları,İzmir.
p: 5-145.
- Danovaro, R., Fonda Umani, S. & Pusceddu, A. (2009).
Climate Change and the Potential Spreading of
Marine Mucilage and Microbial Pathogens in the
Mediterranean Sea. PLOS ONE, 4(9), e7006.
- Demir, E.İ. & Turkoglu, M. (2022). Temporal variations of
phytoplankton community and their correlation with
environmental factors in the coastal waters of the
Çanakkale Strait in 2018. Oceanologia, 64(1), 176-
197.
- Descamp, P., Cornu, T., Bougerol, M., Boissery, P., Ferlat,
C., Delaruelle, G., Deter, J., Gobert, S. & Ozhan,
E. (2017). Experimental transplantation of
Posidonia oceanica, Mediterranean Coastal
Foundation.13th International MEDCOAST
Congress on Coastal and Marine Sciences,
Engineering, Management and Conservation,
MEDCOAST 2017, Malta, 1-225.
- Di Carlo, G., Badalamenti, F., Jensen, A.C., Koch, E.W. &
Riggio, S. (2005). Colonisation process of
vegetative fragments of Posidonia oceanica (L.)
Delile on rubble mounds. Marine Biology, 147(6),
1261-1270.
- Díaz-Almela, E. & Duarte, C. (2008). Management of
Natura 2000 habitats. 1120* Posidonia beds
(Posidonion oceanica). Directive 92/43/EEC on the
conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna
and flora. European Commission, Belgium, 1-32.
- Dural, B. (2010). Phenological observations on Posidonia
oceanica (L.) Delile meadows along the coast of
Akkum (Sığacık Bay, Aegean Sea, Turkey). J. Black
Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 16(1), 133-144.
- Dural, B., Aysel, V. & Demir, N. (2013). Posidonia oceanica
(L.) Delile on the coasts of Turkey. First National
workshop on Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile on the
coasts of Turkey. 19-20 September 2013, Gökçeada,
Türkiye, 1-19.
- Eker-Develi, E., Tekdal, D., Demet, A.E., Yıldız, H.B. &
Kideys, A.E. (2023). Morphology, Molecular
Genetics and Potential Importance for Mucilage
Events of the New Coccolithophorid Ochrosphaera
neapolitana in the Sea of Marmara. Journal of
Marine Science and Engineering, 11(3), 468.
- Erduğan, H. (2022). Müsilajın Çanakkale Boğazı Makro
Alglerine Etkisi. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart
University Journal of Marine Sciences and
Fisheries, 5(Special Issue), 33-37.
- Fourqurean, J.W., Duarte, C.M., Kennedy, H., Marbà, N.,
Holmer, M., Mateo, M. A., Apostolaki, E.T.,
Kendrick, G.A., Krause-Jensen, D., McGlathery,
K.J. & Serrano, O. (2012). Seagrass ecosystems as
a globally significant carbon stock. Nature
Geoscience, 5(7), 505-509.
- Giani, M., Savelli, F., Berto, D., Zangrando, V., Ćosović,
B. & Vojvodić, V. (2005). Temporal dynamics of
dissolved and particulate organic carbon in the
northern Adriatic Sea in relation to the mucilage
events. Science of the Total Environment, 353(1-3),
126-138.
- Gobert, S., Cambridge, M.L, Velimirov, B., Pergent, G.,
Lepoint, G., Bouquegneau, M.J., Dauby, P.,
Pergent, C.M. & Walker, D.I. (2006). Biology of
Posidonia. Larkum A.W.D, Orth R.J. & Duarte C.M.
(Eds.). Seagrasses: Biology, ecology and
conservation. Part 17. Springer.
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