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Türkiye'nin Bitişik Bölgesi'ndeki Sınır Dışı Balıkçılık Operasyonlarının Değerlendirilmesi: Doğu Akdeniz'de Balıkçılık Yönetimine İlişkin On Yıllık Gözlemler ve Çıkarımlar

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3, 449 - 456, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1481141

Öz

Türkiye'nin Doğu Akdeniz'deki MEB'inde uzun süredir devam eden deniz yetki alanı anlaşmazlıkları, ekonomik eşitsizliklerin devam etmesine ve balıkçılık yönetiminde deniz biyolojik çeşitliliğine ve bölgesel iş birliği çabalarına zarar verebilecek boşluklara yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye'nin karasularının bitişik bölgesindeki sınır dışı balıkçılık operasyonlarının kapsamını ve sıklığını, özellikle 2013-2023 yıllarına vurgu yaparak sorgulamaktadır. Global Fishing Watch'tan elde edilen verileri kullanarak yapılan analiz, farklı balıkçıların gerçekleştirdiği aylık ortalama balıkçılık saatlerini göstermektedir. Kıbrıs, Mısır, Yunanistan, İtalya, Libya ve Fas dahil olmak üzere çeşitli komşu ülkelerde küçük ölçekli, trol, tanımsız ve gırgır gibi balıkçılık faaliyetleri bulunmaktadır. Bulgular, gözlemlenen dönemde bu çekişmeli sularda balıkçılık faaliyetlerinde kalıcı bir artış olduğunu ortaya koyuyor; bu da bildirilen balıkçılık saatlerini potansiyel olarak şişiren gemi takip sistemlerinin dağıtımındaki artışı yansıtmaktadır. Bu artış, ekonomik uğraşları hassas deniz ekosistemlerinin korunmasıyla uyumlu hale getiren kapsamlı balıkçılık yönetimi stratejilerine olan acil ihtiyacın altını çizmektedir. Çalışmanın metodolojisi, Marine Traffic ve Global Fishing Watch verileri aracılığıyla gemi hareketlerinin analiz edilmesini, balıkçılık alanları, dönemleri, yöntemleri ve ulusal bağlantıları gibi parametrelerin değerlendirilmesini içermektedir. Verilerin toplu doğası nedeniyle doğrudan alıntı yapılmadan Tablolar ve Şekillerde gösterilen sonuçlar, balıkçılık faaliyetlerinin çeşitli modellerini göstermektedir. Türkiye'nin trol avcılığı saatlerinin 2022 yılında 857,29 saate ulaşarak önemli ölçüde artması, bölgedeki bazı balıkçılık uygulamalarının yoğunlaştığının altını çizmektedir. Uluslararası anlaşmazlıkların çözülmesi ihtiyacı, Doğu Akdeniz'de etkin bir balıkçılık yönetiminin kurulması açısından hayati öneme sahiptir. Bulgular, deniz kaynaklarının sürdürülebilir kullanımını sağlamak ve bu on yıl süren ampirik araştırmayla aydınlatılan yönetim boşluklarını kapatmak için uluslararası kuruluşlar tarafından desteklenen, kıyıdaş ülkeler arasında gelişmiş diplomatik çabaları ve işbirlikçi yönetimi savunmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Akar, Ö &, Demirci A. (2023). An Evaluation of Türkiye's Aegean and Mediterranean Island Claims in Light of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea Provisions on Territorial Waters and the Continental Shelf: Comparative Analysis with Other Regional Case Studies. 4th International Congress on Engineering and Life Science, 119-125.
  • Axt, H J. (2021). Troubled Water in the Eastern Mediterranean. Türkiye Challenges Greece and Cyprus Regarding Energy Resources. Comparative Southeast European Studies, 69(1), 133-152. https://doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2021-2006
  • Ayas, D. & Çiftçi, N. (2018). Occurrence of the lesser spotted dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula Linnaeus 1758, in the international waters of Mersin Bay, Türkiye. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin, 7(2), 47-50. https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.436162
  • Aydın, C. M. & Tıraşın, E. M. (2022). Observations on the Stock Dynamics of the Red-Blue Shrimp Aristeus antennatus (Risso, 1816) in the Gulf of Antalya. Acta Aquatica Turcica, 19(2), 88-108. https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.1192961
  • Bayhan, Y. K. & Ukav, İ. (2020). Profitability Analysis of Investment in Deep Sea Fishing: A Northeastern Mediterranean Case. Acta Aquatica Turcica, 16(4), 457-466. https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.707191
  • Beckman, R. & Davenport T. (2012). The EEZ regime: reflections after 30 years. In LOSI Conference papers (Vol. 27). Bjørndal, T. (2009). Overview, roles, and performance of the North East Atlantic fisheries commission (NEAFC).
  • Marine Policy, 33(4), 685-697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2009.01.007
  • Demirci, A. (2006). A Study on the Deep Sea Trawl Fishery in the Northeastern Mediterranean. Ege University Institute of Science: Doctoral Thesis.
  • Demirci, A. (2007). Evaluation of the Deep Sea Shrimp Plesionika martia (Decapoda: Pandalidae) in the Northeastern Mediterranean Trawl Fishery. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 24(1), 93-96.
  • Demirci, A. & Hoşsucu, H. (2016). Population characteristics of Aristeus antennatus (Risso, 1816) (Decapoda: Aristeidae) from the Levantine Sea coast of Türkiye. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 9(12), 24-28.
  • Demirci, A. & Şimşek, E. (2019). İskenderun Körfezi’nde Balıkçılığa Kapalı Alanların İncelenmesi ve Olası Deniz Koruma Alanlarının Belirlenmesi. V. International Congress on Natural and Health Sciences (ICNHS-2019), 559-562.
  • Demirci, S. (2024). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Iskenderun Bay fishery, Northeastern Mediterranean, Türkiye. Thalassas: An International Journal of Marine Sciences, 40: 43-49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41208-023-00646-2
  • Franquesa, R., Oliver, P. & Basurco, B. (2008). The Mediterranean fisheries sector: a review of facts and figures. In The Mediterranean Fisheries Sector. A Reference Publication for the VII Meeting of Ministers of Agriculture and Fisheries of CIHEAM Member Countries (pp. 9-41). Options Mediterraneéenes: Séries B.
  • Goodman, C. (2021). Coastal state jurisdiction over living resources in the exclusive economic zone. Oxford University Press.
  • Litsas, S. N. (2017). Russia in the Eastern Mediterranean: Intervention, deterrence, containment. Digest of Middle East Studies, 26(1), 56-73.https://doi.org/10.1111/dome.12103
  • Mutlu, E. & Ergev, M. B. (2012). Distribution of soft-bottom mollusks (Mollusca) in Mersin Bay (eastern Mediterranean Sea). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 36(4), 430-446. https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1103-15
  • Østhagen, A. (2021). Troubled seas? The changing politics of maritime boundary disputes. Ocean & Coastal Management, 205, 105535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105535
  • Petrossian, G. A. (2015). Preventing illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing: A situational approach. Biological Conservation, 189, 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.09.005
  • Pulcinella, J., Armelloni, E. N., Ferrà, C., Scarcella, G. & Tassetti, A. N. (2023). Deepwater red shrimp fishery in the eastern–central Mediterranean Sea: AIS-observed monthly fishing effort and frequency over 4 years. Earth System Science Data, 15(2), 809-820. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-809-2023
  • Rubin, A. & Eiran, E. (2019). Regional maritime security in the eastern Mediterranean: expectations and reality. International Affairs, 95(5), 979-997. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiz146
  • Şimşek, E., Demirci, A., Akar, Ö. & Demirci, S. (2019). Distortions in Eastern Mediterranean deep-sea fishery due to geopolitical instability and fishery pressures. 2nd International Congress on Engineering and Life Sciences, 670-672.
  • Sotiriou, S. A. (2020). Creating norms around the Eastern Mediterranean energy resources as a necessary means of security. European Security, 29(2), 235-253. https://doi.org/10.1080/09662839.2020.1722643
  • Stergiou, A. (2016). Turkey-Cyprus-Israel relations and the Cyprus conflict. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 18(4), 375-392. https://doi.org/10.1080/19448953.2016.1195994
  • Tanrıverdi, R. (2020). Monitoring and control of fishery products at sea, landing and sales places in Turkey and its conformity to the European Union common fisheries policy.
  • Topaloğlu, B. & Öztürk, B. (2019). The Importance of Biological Diversity of Open Sea Submarine Mountains, Canyons, and Similar Structures in the Eastern Mediterranean. The Protection of High Seas Beyond National Jurisdictions, 72.

Assessing extraterritorial fishing operations in Türkiye's Contiguous Zone: A decade of observations and implications for fisheries management in the Eastern

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3, 449 - 456, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1481141

Öz

The protracted maritime jurisdictional disputes in Türkiye's EEZ in the Eastern Mediterranean have perpetuated economic disparities and engendered lacunae in fisheries management that could undermine marine biodiversity and regional collaboration efforts. This study interrogates the extent and frequency of extraterritorial fishing operations within the contiguous zone of Türkiye's territorial waters, with a particular emphasis on the years 2013 through 2023. Utilizing data acquired from Global Fishing Watch, the analysis delineates the monthly average fishing hours engaged by different gear types-namely small scale, trawl, undefined, and purse seine-across various neighboring countries, including Cyprus, Egypt, Greece, Italy, Libya, and Morocco. Findings reveal a persistent increase in fishing activities within these contentious waters over the observed period, reflecting a rise in the deployment of ship-tracking systems, which have potentially inflated reported fishing hours. This surge underscores the urgent need for comprehensive fisheries management strategies that harmonize economic pursuits with the preservation of delicate marine ecosystems. The study's methodology involved analyzing vessel movements via Marine Traffic and Global Fishing Watch data, assessing parameters such as fishing areas, periods, methods, and national affiliations. The results, illustrated in Tables and Figures without direct citation due to the aggregative nature of the data, show varied patterns of fishing activities. The significant increase in Türkiye's trawl fishing hours in 2022, peaking at 857.29 hours, underscores the intensification of certain fishing practices in the region. The need for resolving international disputes is pivotal for establishing effective fisheries management in the Eastern Mediterranean. The findings advocate for enhanced diplomatic endeavors and cooperative governance among littoral nations, supported by international entities to ensure sustainable exploitation of marine resources and to bridge management gaps illuminated by this decade-long empirical inquiry.

Kaynakça

  • Akar, Ö &, Demirci A. (2023). An Evaluation of Türkiye's Aegean and Mediterranean Island Claims in Light of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea Provisions on Territorial Waters and the Continental Shelf: Comparative Analysis with Other Regional Case Studies. 4th International Congress on Engineering and Life Science, 119-125.
  • Axt, H J. (2021). Troubled Water in the Eastern Mediterranean. Türkiye Challenges Greece and Cyprus Regarding Energy Resources. Comparative Southeast European Studies, 69(1), 133-152. https://doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2021-2006
  • Ayas, D. & Çiftçi, N. (2018). Occurrence of the lesser spotted dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula Linnaeus 1758, in the international waters of Mersin Bay, Türkiye. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin, 7(2), 47-50. https://doi.org/10.33714/masteb.436162
  • Aydın, C. M. & Tıraşın, E. M. (2022). Observations on the Stock Dynamics of the Red-Blue Shrimp Aristeus antennatus (Risso, 1816) in the Gulf of Antalya. Acta Aquatica Turcica, 19(2), 88-108. https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.1192961
  • Bayhan, Y. K. & Ukav, İ. (2020). Profitability Analysis of Investment in Deep Sea Fishing: A Northeastern Mediterranean Case. Acta Aquatica Turcica, 16(4), 457-466. https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.707191
  • Beckman, R. & Davenport T. (2012). The EEZ regime: reflections after 30 years. In LOSI Conference papers (Vol. 27). Bjørndal, T. (2009). Overview, roles, and performance of the North East Atlantic fisheries commission (NEAFC).
  • Marine Policy, 33(4), 685-697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2009.01.007
  • Demirci, A. (2006). A Study on the Deep Sea Trawl Fishery in the Northeastern Mediterranean. Ege University Institute of Science: Doctoral Thesis.
  • Demirci, A. (2007). Evaluation of the Deep Sea Shrimp Plesionika martia (Decapoda: Pandalidae) in the Northeastern Mediterranean Trawl Fishery. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 24(1), 93-96.
  • Demirci, A. & Hoşsucu, H. (2016). Population characteristics of Aristeus antennatus (Risso, 1816) (Decapoda: Aristeidae) from the Levantine Sea coast of Türkiye. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 9(12), 24-28.
  • Demirci, A. & Şimşek, E. (2019). İskenderun Körfezi’nde Balıkçılığa Kapalı Alanların İncelenmesi ve Olası Deniz Koruma Alanlarının Belirlenmesi. V. International Congress on Natural and Health Sciences (ICNHS-2019), 559-562.
  • Demirci, S. (2024). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Iskenderun Bay fishery, Northeastern Mediterranean, Türkiye. Thalassas: An International Journal of Marine Sciences, 40: 43-49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41208-023-00646-2
  • Franquesa, R., Oliver, P. & Basurco, B. (2008). The Mediterranean fisheries sector: a review of facts and figures. In The Mediterranean Fisheries Sector. A Reference Publication for the VII Meeting of Ministers of Agriculture and Fisheries of CIHEAM Member Countries (pp. 9-41). Options Mediterraneéenes: Séries B.
  • Goodman, C. (2021). Coastal state jurisdiction over living resources in the exclusive economic zone. Oxford University Press.
  • Litsas, S. N. (2017). Russia in the Eastern Mediterranean: Intervention, deterrence, containment. Digest of Middle East Studies, 26(1), 56-73.https://doi.org/10.1111/dome.12103
  • Mutlu, E. & Ergev, M. B. (2012). Distribution of soft-bottom mollusks (Mollusca) in Mersin Bay (eastern Mediterranean Sea). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 36(4), 430-446. https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1103-15
  • Østhagen, A. (2021). Troubled seas? The changing politics of maritime boundary disputes. Ocean & Coastal Management, 205, 105535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105535
  • Petrossian, G. A. (2015). Preventing illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing: A situational approach. Biological Conservation, 189, 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.09.005
  • Pulcinella, J., Armelloni, E. N., Ferrà, C., Scarcella, G. & Tassetti, A. N. (2023). Deepwater red shrimp fishery in the eastern–central Mediterranean Sea: AIS-observed monthly fishing effort and frequency over 4 years. Earth System Science Data, 15(2), 809-820. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-809-2023
  • Rubin, A. & Eiran, E. (2019). Regional maritime security in the eastern Mediterranean: expectations and reality. International Affairs, 95(5), 979-997. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiz146
  • Şimşek, E., Demirci, A., Akar, Ö. & Demirci, S. (2019). Distortions in Eastern Mediterranean deep-sea fishery due to geopolitical instability and fishery pressures. 2nd International Congress on Engineering and Life Sciences, 670-672.
  • Sotiriou, S. A. (2020). Creating norms around the Eastern Mediterranean energy resources as a necessary means of security. European Security, 29(2), 235-253. https://doi.org/10.1080/09662839.2020.1722643
  • Stergiou, A. (2016). Turkey-Cyprus-Israel relations and the Cyprus conflict. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 18(4), 375-392. https://doi.org/10.1080/19448953.2016.1195994
  • Tanrıverdi, R. (2020). Monitoring and control of fishery products at sea, landing and sales places in Turkey and its conformity to the European Union common fisheries policy.
  • Topaloğlu, B. & Öztürk, B. (2019). The Importance of Biological Diversity of Open Sea Submarine Mountains, Canyons, and Similar Structures in the Eastern Mediterranean. The Protection of High Seas Beyond National Jurisdictions, 72.
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Balıkçılık Yönetimi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Aydın Demirci 0000-0002-7168-9904

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 30 Eylül 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 9 Mayıs 2024
Kabul Tarihi 17 Eylül 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Demirci, A. (2024). Assessing extraterritorial fishing operations in Türkiye’s Contiguous Zone: A decade of observations and implications for fisheries management in the Eastern. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 9(3), 449-456. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1481141


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