Neonikotinoid İnsektisitlerin Bombus (Bombus terrestris L.) Arısı Bireylerinde Hafıza ve Öğrenme Davranışına Etkisi

Yıl 2024, , 30 - 41, 30.06.2024

İsmail Yaşhan Buluş , Ayhan Gösterit , Selcan Timuroğlu

https://doi.org/10.51970/jasp.1444967

Öz

Gerek polinasyon amacıyla tarımsal üretimde kullanıldığında gerekse doğal yaşam alanlarında çeşitli insektisitlere farklı şekil ve düzeyde maruz kalan arılar beslenme reflekslerini, yön bulma becerilerini kaybedebilir vehatta ölebilirler. İnsektisitlerden neonikotinoid grubunda yer alan Acetamiprid etken maddeli insektisitler tıpkı diğer neonikotinoler gibi arıların yön bulma, öğrenme ve hafıza becerilerini olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bombus terrestris koloni bireyleri (ana, işçi ve erkek arı) koloni yaşam döngüsünün belirli dönemlerinde besin toplama veya çiftleşme gibi farklı amaçlar için koloniden ayrılmakta ve insektisitlere maruz kalabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, B. terrestris koloni bireylerinden oluşan 5 grup (Grup 1: Çiftleşmemiş genç ana arı grubu, Grup 2: Çiftleşmiş, diyapoz dönemini tamamlamış, ancak yumurtlamamış ana arı grubu, Grup 3: Çiftleşmiş, diyapoz dönemini tamamlamış ve yumurtlamış ana arı grubu, Grup 4: İşçi arı grubu, Grup 5: Erkek arı grubu) Acetamiprid etken maddeli insektisitin (Hekplan®, HEKTAŞ) tavsiye edilen dozunun 5 farklı oranına (0 (kontrol), 1/1000, 1/100, 1/10, 1/1) maruz bırakılmıştır. İnsektisite maruz kalan arıların öğrenme ve hafıza davranışları klasik koşullandırma yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Her maruziyet uygulaması için 20 adet olmak üzere toplam 500 adet (5 grup x 5 doz x 20 arı) ergin birey kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlara göre klasik koşullandırma yöntemi uygulanan 3 ana arı grubundaki bireylerin işçi ve erkek arı gruplarındaki bireylere göre hem daha geç öğrenmeye başladığı hem de daha az sayıda bireyin dil çıkarma davranışı sergilediği belirlenmiştir. Hafıza çalışmalarındaki ölçümler öğrenme çalışmasından sonra 1., 2., 6. ve 12. saatlerde yapılmıştır. İnsektisitten en çok etkilenen grupların ana arı grupları olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, Acetamiprid etken maddeli neonikotinoid insektisitin bombus arısı bireylerinin öğrenme ve hafıza yeteneklerini farklı düzeylerde etkilediğini ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

bombus terrestris, bombus arısı, acetamiprid, öğrenme ve hafıza

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK) tarafından 2209-A kapsamında desteklenmiştir.

Effect of Neonicotinoid Insecticides on Memory and Learning Behavior in Bumblebee (Bombus terrestris L.) Individuals

Öz

Bees that are exposed to various insecticides in different ways and levels, both when used in agricultural production for pollination purposes and in their natural habitats, may lose their feeding reflexes and navigation skills, and may even die. Acetamiprid, an active ingredient in insecticides belonging to the neonicotinoid group, negatively affects the navigation abilities of bees, thus also affecting their learning and memory abilities adversely like other neonicotinoids. Bombus terrestris colony individuals (queen, worker and males) leave the colony for different purposes such as collecting food or mating at certain periods of the colony life cycle and may be exposed to insecticides. In this study, five main groups of colony individuals were designed (Group 1: Unmated young queens, Group 2: mated, diapaused but non-egg-laying queens, Group 3: mated, diapaused and egg-laying queens, Group 4: workers, and Group 5: males). Bees were exposed to 5 different rates (0 (control), 1/1000, 1/100, 1/10, 1/1) of the recommended dose of the Acetamiprid-based insecticide (Hekplan®, HEKTAŞ). Learning and memory behaviors of bees exposed to insecticides were determined by the classical conditioning method. A total of 500 adult individuals (5 groups x 5 doses x 20 bees for each exposure application) were used. As a result of the study, it was determined that the three main queens groups subjected to classical conditioning started learning later and had a lower number of individuals sticking out their tongues compared to the worker and male bee groups. The measurements of the bees in the memory tests were conducted at 1st, 2nd, 6th, and 12th hours after the learning session.It was found that the queen groups were the most affected by the insecticide. The results indicate that the Acetamiprid-based insecticide affects the learning and memory abilities of the bumblebee individuals at different levels.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bombus terrestris, Bumblebee, Acetamiprid, Learning and memory

Kaynakça

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