Üre ve Odun Külü Kombinasyonları ile İşlenmiş Koçanların Mısır ile İkamesinin Kimyasal Bileşim ve Gaz Üretim Substratı Üzerindeki Etkisi

Yıl 2021, , 85 - 95, 25.06.2021

Abdulrazaq Abdulazeez , Othusitse Ricky Madibela , Christopher Mareledi Tsopito

https://doi.org/10.51970/jasp.914984

Öz

Effect of substituting corn with cobs treated with urea (25%) and wood ash (75%) on chemical composition and gas production substrate was determined. Corn was substituted with graded levels of treated cobs in the dietary ingredients and the treatments were: 100C = 100% corn, 66C34TC = 66% corn with 34% treated cobs, 34C66TC = 34% corn with 66% treated cobs and 100TC = 100% treated cobs. Samples were analyzed for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ash, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL); they were then incubated in vitro for 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hrs. Results indicated that as corn is substituted with treated cobs, NDF, ADF and ADL also increased, however only the NDS for treatment 100C was reduced. The result of the truly degraded substrate (TDS) parameters also indicated that treatment 34C66TC had the highest TDS, gas production (GP), microbial mass production (MMP), efficiency of microbial mass production (EMMP) and partitioning factor (PF). In conclusion, 66% of treated cobs could replace corn in a complete diet without effects on measured parameters.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gerçek sindirilebilirlik, Mikrobiyal kütle proteini, parçalanma faktörü, Mahsul kalıntısı

Effect of Substituting Corn with Cobs Treated with Combinations of Urea and Wood Ash on Chemical Composition and Invitro Gas Production Substrate

Öz

Effect of substituting corn with cobs treated with urea (25%) and wood ash (75%) on chemical composition and gas production substrate was determined. Corn was substituted with graded levels of treated cobs in the dietary ingredients and the treatments were: 100C = 100% corn, 66C34TC = 66% corn with 34% treated cobs, 34C66TC = 34% corn with 66% treated cobs and 100TC = 100% treated cobs. Samples were analyzed for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ash, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL); they were then incubated in vitro for 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hrs. Results indicated that as corn is substituted with treated cobs, NDF, ADF and ADL also increased, however only the NDS for treatment 100C was reduced. The result of the truly degraded substrate (TDS) parameters also indicated that treatment 34C66TC had the highest TDS, gas production (GP), microbial mass production (MMP), efficiency of microbial mass production (EMMP) and partitioning factor (PF). In conclusion, 66% of treated cobs could replace corn in a complete diet without effects on measured parameters.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Truly degraded substrate, Microbial mass protein, Partitioning factor, Crop residue

Kaynakça

• Adebowale, E.A., Orskov, E.R. and Shand, W. J., 1991. Use of ash of cocoa pod husk as source of alkali for upgrading agricultural residues with or without hydrogen peroxide. Tropical Agriculture. 68: 27-32. Allen, M. S. and Oba, M., 1996. Fiber digestibility of forages. Proc. 57th Minnesota Nutrition Conf., Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN.
• AOAC, 1999. Official Methods of Analysis, 16th ed. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
• Blummel, M. and Orskov, E.R., 1993. Comparison of in vitro gas production and nylon bag degradability of roughages in predicting of food intake in cattle. Animal Feed Science Technology. 40: 109-119.
• Blummel, M., Givens, D.I. and Moss, A.R., 2005. Comparison of methane produced by straw fed sheep in open – circuit respiration with methane predicted by fermentation characteristics measured by an in vitro gas procedure. Animal Feed Science Technology. 123-124: 379 – 390.
• Chenost, M., 1995. Optimizing the Use of Poor Quality Roughage through Treatments and Supplementation in Warm Climate Countries with Particular Emphasis on Urea Treatment. First Electronic Conference on Tropical Feeds with Particular Emphasis on Urea Treatment FAO, Rome. Fall, S., Guerin, H., Sall, C. and Mbaye, N.D., 1989. Cereal straws in the feeding system of ruminant in Senegal. Overcoming constraints to the efficient utilization of agricultural byproducts as animal feed In: (Eds. Adegabola, A. A., J.A. Kategile., D.A. Little,).
• Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Workshop Held at the Institute of Animal Research Mankon Station African Research Network for Agricultural Byproducts (ARNAB), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
• Imbeah, M., 1999. Wood ash as mineral supplement for growing lambs under village conditions in the tropics Small Ruminant Research. 32: 191-194.
• Khan, M.A., Iqbal, Z., Sarwar, M., Nisa, M., Lee, M. S., Khan, W.S. and Kim, H.S., 2006. Urea treated maize cobs ensiled with or without additives for buffaloes: Ruminal characteristics, digestibility and nitrogen metabolism Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science. 5: 705- 712.
• Khazaal, K., Denthino, M.T., Robeiro, J. M. and Orskov, E.R., (1993). A comparison of gas production during incubation with rumen contents in vitro and nylon bag degradability as predictors of apparent digestibility in vivo and the voluntary intake of hays. Animal Production. 57:105-112.
• Makkar, H.P., 2010. In Vitro Screening of Feed Resources for Efficiency of Microbial Protein Synthesis. In: (Eds. Vercoe, P., H.P. Makkar., A. Schlink,) In vitro screening of plant resources for extra-nutritional attributes in ruminants: nuclear and related methodologies. Springer, Dordrecht.
• Menke, K.H. and Steingass, H., 1988. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Anim. Res. Dev. 28: 7-55.
• Nolte, M.E., Cline, J.H., Dehority, B.A., Loerch, S.C. and Parker, C.F., 1987. Treatment of wheat straw with alkaline solutions prepared from wood ashes to improve fibre utilization by ruminant. Journal of Animal Science 64: 669-677.
• Preston, T.R., 1985. Strategies for Optimizing the Utilization of Crop Residues and Agro industrial Byproducts for Livestock Feeding in Tropics. Towards Optimal of Agricultural By-products to Livestock in Africa . Proceedings of a Workshop held at the University of Alexandria. International Livestock Center for Africa (ILCA), Egypt pp17.
• Ramirez, R.G., 1991. Wood ash, sodium hydroxide and urine to increase sorghum straw utilization by sheep. Small Ruminant Research. 5: 83-92.
• SAS, 2002. Statistical Analysis System. SAS user’s guide: Statistics, SAS Inst. Inc., Carry, NC.
• Solomon, A.K., Ulfina, G.G. and Gemeda, D.J., 2012. The potential of treatment with ash solution in improving degradability of fibrous feeds in Ethiopia. Agricultural Science Research Journal. 3: 100-105.
• Steel, R.G.D. and Torrie, J.H., 1984. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. A Biometrical Approach (2nd Ed). McGraw Hill Book Co. Inc. New York. USA.
• Sundstøl, F., 1985. Recent advances in development and utilization of chemically treated low quality roughages. In: (Eds. Wanapat, M., C. Devendra,). Relevance of Crop Residues as Animal Feeds in Developing Countries. Funny Press. Bangkok. Thailand. pp 121-145.
• Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, H.B. and Lewis, B.A. 1991. Methods of dietary fibre, NDF and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal material. Journal of Dairy Science. 74: 3583-3595.
• Wanapat, M., Pilajun, R., Kangm, S., Satyaningsih, K. and Setyawan, A.R., 2012. Effect of ground maize cobs replacement for cassava chip on feed intake, rumen fermentation and urinary derivatives in swamp buffaloes. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science. 8: 1124-1131.