Urinary Incontinence During Pregnancy And Determination Of The Factors Affecting It

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 36 - 42, 20.09.2021

Gizem Çıtak , Funda Demirtürk

https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.886289

Cited By: 3

Öz

Introduction: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence in pregnancy and the factors affecting it.
Materials and Methods: A total of 300 pregnant women were included. Subjects were examined in terms of physical and sociodemographic characteristics as well as chronic illness status, prenatal and gestational drug use, pelvic trauma and surgical history, chronic cough and smoking, presence of constipation, contraceptive use, obstetric history and urinary incontinence before and during pregnancy. The Sandvik index was used to determine the severity of incontinence in cases having incontinence and the King’s Health Questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life of the incontinent.
Results: It was determined that 173 women (%57.7) had urinary incontinence during their pregnancy; and found that having urinary incontinence prior to pregnancy, use of anti-hypertensive in pregnancy, trimester, disuri and fullness sensation of bladder before and during pregnancy and difficulty in urination during pregnancy were the factors affecting incontinence in pregnancy (p<0.05). According to the Sandvik index values, it was determined that incontinent women had mild intensity of incontinence and their quality of life was minimally adversly affected by being incontinent; and no correlation was found beween the severity of incontinence and quality of life scores (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Urinary incontinence in pregnancy is affected by neither advanced physical stresses in the current pregnancy nor by the previous obstetric history; but non-mechanical factors such as the maternal genetic structure and/or hormonal and physiological changes are thought to play role in urinary incontinence development.
*Presented As The Oral Paper İn The 4th International 5th National Midwifery Congress, master’s thesis

Anahtar Kelimeler

urinary incontinence, midwifery, risk factors, pregnancy

Kaynakça

• Bogner HR, Gallo JJ, Sammel MD, Ford DE, Armenian HK, Eaton WW. Urinary incontinence and psychological distress in community-dwelling older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002; 50: 489-495.
• https://www.uptodate.com/contents/urinary-incontinence-and-pelvic-organ prolapse-associated-with-pregnancy-and -childbirth?source=search_result&search=urinary%20incontinence&selectedTitle=6~1Accessed Erişim Tarihi: April 20, 2017.
• Bilgili N, Akın B, Ege E, Ayaz S. Kadınlarda üriner inkontinans sıklığı ve etkileyen risk faktörleri T Klin J Med Sci 2008; 28(4):487-93.
• Davison JM. Upper urinary tract in pregnancy. Stanton., Monga, A. K. (Eds.). Clinical Urogynecology, Churchill Livingstone, London; 2000; 465-470.
• Hazar Hu, Şirin A. İnkontinans Şiddet İndeksinin Geçerlik Ve Güvenirliği Çalışması. Adü Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 2008; 9(3):5-8.
• Kaya S, Akbayrak T, Çelenay ŞT, Dolgun A, Ekici G, Beksaç S. Reliability and validity of the Turkish King’s Health Questionnaire in women with urinary incontinence. Int Urogynecol J 2015; 26:1853–1859.
• Aydın Çetindağ N.E. Gebelikte Başlayan Pelvik Taban Bozukluğu Sıklığının Belirlenmesi ve Doğum Sonrası 6. ayda Sebat Eden Olguların Özelliklerinin Öngörülmesi Uzmanlık Tezi; Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi 2016.
• Wesnes SL, Hunskaar S, Bo K, Rortveit G. Urinary Incontinence and Weight Change During Pregnancy and Postpartum: A Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2010; 172(9): 1034–1044.
• Song Y, Zhang W, Song J, Bo X. Prevalence and risk factors of urinary incontinence in Fuzhou Chinese women, Chin. Med. J 2005;118, 887-892.
• Duignan N, McDonnell MJ, Mokoka MC, Rutherford RM. High prevalence of stress urinary incontinence in adult patients with bronchiectasis. Ir Med J. Aug 2016; 8;109(7):440.
• Steele AC, Kohli N, Mallipeddi P, Karram M. Pharmacologic causes of female incontinence. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 1999; 10(2):106-10.
• Bekele A, Adefris M and Demeke S. Urinary incontinence among pregnant women, following antenatal care at University of Gondar Hospital, North West Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2016; 16:333 DOI 10.1186/s12884-016-1126-2.
• Melville JL, Katon W, Delaney K, Newton K. Urinary incontinence in US women: a population-based study. Arch Intern Med 2005; 165(5):537–542.
• Kokabi R, Yazdanpanah D. Effects of delivery mode and sociodemographic factors on postpartum stress urinary incontinency in primipara women: A prospective cohort study.J Chin Med Assoc. Aug 2017; 80(8):498-502.
• Demirtürk F. Çeşitli Yaş Dönemlerinde Pelvik Taban Kas Kuvvetini Etkileyen Faktörlerin İncelenmesi, Doktora Tezi; Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü 2006.
• Brown SJ, Donath S, MacArthur C, McDonald EA, Krastev AH. Urinary incontinence in nulliparous women before and during pregnancy: prevalence, incidence, and associated risk factors. Int Urogynecol J 2010; 21(2):193–202.
• Riesco ML, Fernandes-Trevisan K, Leister N, Cruz Cda S, Caroci Ade S, Zanetti MR. Urinary incontinence related to perineal muscle strength in the first trimester of pregnancy: cross-sectional study. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2014; 48(Esp):32-8.
• Pritel X, Fauconnier A, Levet C, Bénifla JL. Stress urinary incontinence 4 years after the first delivery: a retrospective cohort survey. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2004; 83:941–5.
• Franco EM, Pare´ s D, Colome´NL, Paredes JRMa, Tardiu LA. Urinary incontinence during pregnancy. Is there a difference between first and third trimester? European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 2014;182 86–90.
• Kızılkaya Beji N. İdrar kaçırma ve organ sarkmalarından korunma: Sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları. The Fisrst Balkac Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Syposium; Apr 1 2001. Edirne Turkey.
• Chaliha C., et al. Anal function: effect of pregnancy and delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001; 185(2): p. 427-32.
• Thorp JM Jr, Norton PA, Wall LL, et al. Urinary incontinence in pregnancy and the puerperium: a prospective study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999; 181:266.
• Viktrup L, Lose G. The risk of stress incontinence 5 years after first delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001; 185:82.
• Van Brummen HJ, et al. Defecatory symptoms during and after the first pregnancy: prevalences and associated factors. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 2006; 17(3): p. 224-30.
• Solans-Domènech M, Sánchez E, Espuña-Pons M. Urinary and anal incontinence during pregnancy and postpartum: incidence, severity, and risk factors. Obstet Gynecol 2010; 115(3):618-28.
• Kocaöz S, Talas MS, and Atabekoğlu CS. Urinary incontinence in pregnant women and their quality of life. Journal of clinical nursing 2010; 19(23‐ 24): p.3314-3323.