Çocuklarda Ev İçi Çevre Kirliliğine Maruziyet ve Alınabilecek Önlemler

Gonca Keskindemirci; Hüray Kök; Öykü Özbörü Aşkan; Gülbin Gökçay

doi:10.26650/jchild.2022.846458

Derleme

Indoor Environmental Pollution Exposure in Children and Prevention Methods

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 3, 236 - 243, 29.12.2022

Gonca Keskindemirci , Hüray Kök , Öykü Özbörü Aşkan , Gülbin Gökçay

https://doi.org/10.26650/jchild.2022.846458

Öz

The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that inadequate environmental conditions are the reason for more than 25% of deaths under the age of five. WHO declared the most frequent reason for these deaths was respiratory tract infections due to air pollution. The other causes are respectively: diarrhea due to lack of clean water and sanitation conditions, failure of adequate conditions in the health facility, accidents such as drowning and burning, and malaria-related deaths due to the insufficiency of preventions taken against mosquitoes. Children are affected by environmental conditions more than adults because of their behavioral, physical, and developmental characteristics. Exposure to environmental pollutants can cause many diseases such as asthma, heart disease, cancer, endocrine disorders, and cognitive and neurodevelopmental disorders. The main reasons children are exposed to indoor environmental pollutants are improper storage conditions, lack of education, failure to follow recommend usage instructions, and lack of parental control in children, which can be considered neglect. Therefore, our article aimed to emphasize the most frequently contacted indoor environmental pollutant types and reduce and prevent exposures in our daily lives.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Environmental pollutants, tobacco smoke, pesticides, children, prevention

Kaynakça

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4. Landrigan PJ, Fuller R, Acosta NJR, Adeyi O, Arnold R, Basu N, et al. The Lancet Commission on pollution and health. Lancet 2018;391:462-512. google scholar
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Çocuklarda Ev İçi Çevre Kirliliğine Maruziyet ve Alınabilecek Önlemler

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 3, 236 - 243, 29.12.2022

Gonca Keskindemirci , Hüray Kök , Öykü Özbörü Aşkan , Gülbin Gökçay

https://doi.org/10.26650/jchild.2022.846458

Öz

Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) olumsuz çevre koşullarının dünyada 5 yaş altın-daki ölümlerin %25’inden fazlasına neden olduğunu, bu ölümlerin sıklık sırasına göre; solunum yolu enfeksiyonları, ishaller, doğumsal travma ve enfeksiyonlar, kazalar ve malaria ilişkili olduğunu bildirmiştir. DSÖ hava kirliliğinin önüne geçilmesi, temiz su ve sanitasyon koşullarının sağlanması, sağlık tesislerinde uygun koşulların sağlanması, boğulma, yanma gibi kaza-lara karşı güvenlik önlemlerinin alınması ve sivrisineklerle mücadele ile bu ölümlerin birçoğunun önlenebileceğini bildirmektedir. Çocuklar davranış-sal, fiziksel ve gelişimsel özellikleri nedeniyle erişkinlere göre çevresel olumsuzluklardan daha fazla etkilenmektedirler. Çevresel kirleticilere maruziyet; astım, kalp hastalığı, kanser, endokrin bozukluklar, bilişsel ve nörogelişimsel bozukluklar gibi pek çok hastalığa neden olabilmektedir. Ev içinde çevresel kirleticilere maruziyet, dikkatsiz saklama koşulları, eğitim-sizlik, önerilen kullanım talimatlarına uyulmaması ve çocuklarda ihmal sayılabilecek ebeveyn denetim eksikliğine bağlı olabileceği düşünülmekte-dir. Makalemizde günlük yaşantımızda sık temas edebileceğimiz ev içi çevresel kirleticiler ile bunlarla olan maruziyeti azaltma ve önleme yolları-nın vurgulanması amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çevresel kirleticiler, sigara dumanı, pestsit, çocuk, önlem

Kaynakça

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2. Landrigan P, Fuller R, Fisher S, Suk WA, Sly P, Chiles TC, et al. Pollution and children’s health. Sci Total Env 2019;650:2389-2394. google scholar
3. Klepeis NE, Nelson WC, Ott WR, Robinson JP, Tsang AM, Switzer P, et al. The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS): a resource for assessing exposure to environmental pollutants. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2001;11(3):231-252. google scholar
4. Landrigan PJ, Fuller R, Acosta NJR, Adeyi O, Arnold R, Basu N, et al. The Lancet Commission on pollution and health. Lancet 2018;391:462-512. google scholar
5. Filippini T, Hatch EE, Rothman KJ, Heck JE, Park AS, Crippa A, et al. Association between Outdoor Air Pollution and Childhood Leukemia: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta- Analysis. Environ Health Perspect 2019;127:46002. google scholar
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decade. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019;199:534-536 google scholar
13. Chaudhuri R, Livingston E, McMahon AD, Thomson L, Borland W, Thomson NC. Cigarette smoking impairs the therapeutic response to oral corticosteroids in chronic asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003;168:1308-1311. google scholar
14. Chalmers GW, Macleod KJ, Little SA, Thomson LJ, McSharry CP, Thomson NC. Influence of cigarette smoking on inhaled corticosteroid treatment in mild asthma. Thorax 2002;57:226- 230. google scholar
15. Cohen RT, Raby BA, Van Steen K, et al. In utero smoke exposure and impaired response to inhaled corticosteroids in children with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010;126:491-497 google scholar
16. Adhami N, Chen Y, Martins-Green M. Biomarkers of disease can be detected in mice as early as 4 weeks after initiation of exposure to third-hand smoke levels equivalent to those found in homes of smokers. Clin Sci 2017;131:2409-2426. google scholar
17. Hang B, Sarker AH, Havel C, Saha S, Hazra TK, Schick S,et al. Thirdhand smoke causes DNA damage in human cells. Mutagenesis 2013;28:381-391. google scholar
18. Tütün Ürünlerinin Zararlarının Önlenmesi ve Kontrolü Hakkında Kanun. Resmî Gazete Sayısı: 22829 Resmi Gazete Yayımlanma Tarihi: 26.11.1996. Erişim https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=4207&MevzuatTur=1&MevzuatTertip=5 (Son Erişim Tarihi: 97.03.2022) google scholar
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children predisposed to asthma: a randomised controlled trial. Sci Rep 2017;7: 1-10. google scholar
20. Yılmaz G, Karacan C, Yöney A, Yılmaz T. Brief intervention on maternal smoking: a randomized controlled trial. Child Care Health Dev 2006;32:73-79. google scholar
21. Hajek P, Phillips-Waller A, Przulj D, Pesola F, Myers Smith K, Bisal N, et al. A randomized trial of e-cigarettes versus nicotine-replacement therapy. N Engl J Med 2019;380:629-637. google scholar
22. Conner M, Grogan S, Simms-Ellis R, Flett K, Sykes-Muskett B, Cowap L, et al. Do electronic cigarettes increase cigarette smoking in UK adolescents? Evidence from a 12-month prospective study. Tob Control 2018;27:365-372 google scholar
23. Bao W, Liu B, Du Y, Snetselaar LG, Wallace RB. Electronic cigarette use among young, middle-aged, and older adults in the United States in 2017 and 2018. JAMA Intern Med 2020;180:313-314. google scholar
24. Fernandez MF, Artacho-Cordon F, Freire C, Perez-Lobato R, Calvente I, Ramos R, Castilla AM, Ocon O, Davila C, Arrebola JP, et al. Trends in children’s exposure to second-hand smoke in the INMA-Granada cohort: an evaluation of the Spanish anti-smoking law. Environ Res 2015;138:461-8 google scholar
25. Ho SY, Wang MP, Lo WS, Mak KK, Lai HK, Thomas GN, Lam TH. Comprehensive smoke-free legislation and displacement of smoking into the homes of young children in Hong Kong. Tob Control 2010;19(2):129-33. google scholar
26. Gentzke AS, Creamer M, Cullen KA, Ambrose BK, Willis G, Jamal A, et al. Vital signs: tobacco product use among middle and high school students—United States, 2011–2018. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2019;68:157. google scholar
27. Haig TR, Akawung AK, Rajabi A Al, Vena JE, Whelan HK, Kopciuk KA. Reductions in Secondhand Smoke Exposure among Non-smokers Post-legislation. Tob Regul Sci 019;5(5):463-479. google scholar
28. McKelvey K, Thrul J, Ramo D. Impact of quitting smoking and smoking cessation treatment on substance use outcomes: An updated and narrative review. Addict Behav 2017;65:161-
170. google scholar
29. Boran P, Özbörü Aşkan Ö. Çevre ve Çocuk Sağlığı. In: Hasanoğlu E, Düşünsel R, Bideci A, Boduroğlu K, eds. Türkiye Milli PEdiatri Derneği Temel Pediatri. 2nd ed. Ankara: Güneş Tıp Kitap Evleri; 2020:193-201. google scholar
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Yonetmeligi.pdf. (Son erişim tarihi: 02.03.2022) google scholar
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42. Boran P, Özbörü Aşkan Ö. Çevre ve Çocuk Sağlığı. In: Hasanoğlu E, Düşünsel R, Bideci A, Boduroğlu K, eds. Türkiye Milli PEdiatri Derneği Temel Pediatri. 2nd ed. Ankara: Güneş Tıp Kitap Evleri; 2020:193-201 google scholar
43. Mold and Helath.Erişim: https://www.epa.gov/mold/mold-and-health. (Son erişim tarihi: 02.11.2020) google scholar
44. Roberts JR, Karr CJ. Pesticide exposure in children. Pediatrics 2012;130(6):e1765-e1788. google scholar
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46. Kumar S, Kavitha TK, Angurana SK. Kerosene, camphor, and naphthalene poisoning in children. Indian J Crit Care Med Peer-reviewed. Off Publ Indian Soc Crit Care Med 2019;23(Suppl 4):S278. google scholar
47. Volney G, Tatusov M, Yen AC, Karamyan N. Naphthalene toxicity: methemoglobinemia and acute intravascular hemolysis. Cureus 2018;10(8). google scholar
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50. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Bebek, Çocuk, Ergen İzlem Protokolleri. 2018:1-96. google scholar
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Toplam 61 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Konular	Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları
Bölüm	Derlemeler
Yazarlar	Gonca Keskindemirci 0000-0003-1797-2802 Hüray Kök 0000-0001-7519-0185 Öykü Özbörü Aşkan 0000-0002-4139-5497 Gülbin Gökçay 0000-0003-1042-0407
Yayımlanma Tarihi	29 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2022 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA	Keskindemirci, G., Kök, H., Özbörü Aşkan, Ö., Gökçay, G. (2022). Çocuklarda Ev İçi Çevre Kirliliğine Maruziyet ve Alınabilecek Önlemler. Journal of Child, 22(3), 236-243. https://doi.org/10.26650/jchild.2022.846458
AMA	Keskindemirci G, Kök H, Özbörü Aşkan Ö, Gökçay G. Çocuklarda Ev İçi Çevre Kirliliğine Maruziyet ve Alınabilecek Önlemler. Journal of Child. Aralık 2022;22(3):236-243. doi:10.26650/jchild.2022.846458
Chicago	Keskindemirci, Gonca, Hüray Kök, Öykü Özbörü Aşkan, ve Gülbin Gökçay. “Çocuklarda Ev İçi Çevre Kirliliğine Maruziyet Ve Alınabilecek Önlemler”. Journal of Child 22, sy. 3 (Aralık 2022): 236-43. https://doi.org/10.26650/jchild.2022.846458.
EndNote	Keskindemirci G, Kök H, Özbörü Aşkan Ö, Gökçay G (01 Aralık 2022) Çocuklarda Ev İçi Çevre Kirliliğine Maruziyet ve Alınabilecek Önlemler. Journal of Child 22 3 236–243.
IEEE	G. Keskindemirci, H. Kök, Ö. Özbörü Aşkan, ve G. Gökçay, “Çocuklarda Ev İçi Çevre Kirliliğine Maruziyet ve Alınabilecek Önlemler”, Journal of Child, c. 22, sy. 3, ss. 236–243, 2022, doi: 10.26650/jchild.2022.846458.
ISNAD	Keskindemirci, Gonca vd. “Çocuklarda Ev İçi Çevre Kirliliğine Maruziyet Ve Alınabilecek Önlemler”. Journal of Child 22/3 (Aralık 2022), 236-243. https://doi.org/10.26650/jchild.2022.846458.
JAMA	Keskindemirci G, Kök H, Özbörü Aşkan Ö, Gökçay G. Çocuklarda Ev İçi Çevre Kirliliğine Maruziyet ve Alınabilecek Önlemler. Journal of Child. 2022;22:236–243.
MLA	Keskindemirci, Gonca vd. “Çocuklarda Ev İçi Çevre Kirliliğine Maruziyet Ve Alınabilecek Önlemler”. Journal of Child, c. 22, sy. 3, 2022, ss. 236-43, doi:10.26650/jchild.2022.846458.
Vancouver	Keskindemirci G, Kök H, Özbörü Aşkan Ö, Gökçay G. Çocuklarda Ev İçi Çevre Kirliliğine Maruziyet ve Alınabilecek Önlemler. Journal of Child. 2022;22(3):236-43.

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