HAVA TRAFİK KONTROLÖR PERFORMANSI: BİR ALAN ARAŞTIRMASI
Yıl 2019,
Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 68 - 82, 01.03.2019
Meltem Akça
,
R. İbrahim Pınar
Öz
Havacılık
sektörü tüm dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de hızlı bir gelişme göstermektedir.
Hava trafik sayılarının artması ile birlikte uçuş operasyonlarını yöneten hava trafik
kontrolörlerinin performansı daha önemli hale gelmektedir. Hava trafik
operasyonlarının emniyetli ve hızlı bir şekilde gerçekleştirilmesi hava trafik
kontrolör performansı ile ilişkilidir. Hava trafik kontrolör performansı;
bireysel, operasyonel, çevresel, teknoloji kullanımı ile ilişkili faktörlerden
etkilenebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada ülkemizin trafik sayısı bakımından en büyük
beş meydanında çalışan hava trafik kontrolörlerinin performansı üzerinde etkili
olan faktörlerin ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma modelinin
oluşturulmasında literatürde yer alan çalışmalardan yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, havalimanı yeri,
çalışma koşulları ve bilgi teknolojilerinin kontrolör performansı üzerinde
belirleyici olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Kaynakça
- Airbus (2018) “Global Market Forecast 2018-2037 ”, Airbus Press.
- Akca, M. (2017) “Havalimanı Yeri Uygunluğunun Değerlendirilmesi: Nitelden Nicele Bir Çalışma Uluslararası Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi”, 3(3):327-334.
- Astporsdottir, H. (2013) “Performance Metrics in Air Traffic Management Systems”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Reykjavık University.
- Bartlett, J.E., Kotrlik, J. W. K. J. W. ve Higgins, C. C. H. C. C. (2001) “Organizational research: Determining appropriate sample size in survey research appropriate sample size in survey research Information Technology, Learning, and Performance Journal, 19(1): 43-50.
- Bernardin, H. J. Ve Beatty, R. W. (1984) “Performance appraisal: Assessing human behavior at work’’ Boston, Kent Publishing Company.
- Binnewies, C., Sonnentag, S. ve Mojza, E. J. (2009) “Daily performance at work: Feeling recovered in the morning as a predictor of day‐level job performance”, Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 30(1):67-93.
- Borman, W. C. ve Motowidlo, S. M. (1993) ‘‘ Expanding the criterion domain to include elements of contextual performance: Personnel Selection in Organizations’’, Psychology Faculty Publications, San Francisco.
- Borman, W. C. ve Motowidlo, S. J. (1997) ‘‘Task performance and contextual performance: The meaning for personnel selection research’’, Human Performance, 10(2):99-109.
- Borman, W. C., Brantley, L. B. ve Hanson, M. A. (2014) ‘‘ Progress toward understanding the structure and determinants of job performance: A focus on task and citizenship performance’’, International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 22(4): 422-431.
- Campbell, J. P., McHenry, J. J. ve Wise, L. L. (1990) ‘‘Modeling job performance in a population of jobs’’, Personnel Psychology, 43(2): 313-575.
- Chang, Y. H. ve Yeh, C. H. (2010) ‘‘Human performance interfaces in air traffic control’’, Applied Ergonomics, 41(1):123-129.
- Çalışkan, Ö.T. (2010) ‘‘Conflict Resolution in Air Traffic Control’’, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
- Davis, C. G., Danaher, J. W. ve Fischl, M. A. (1963) ‘‘The influence of selected sector characteristics upon ARTCC controller activities’’, VA: Matrix Corporation Arlington.
- Doll, W. J. ve Torkzadeh, G. (1988) ‘‘The measurement of end-user computing satisfaction’’, MIS Quarterly, 259-274.
- Edwards, T., Sharples, S., Wilson, J. R. ve Kirwan, B. (2012) ‘‘Factor interaction influences on human performance in air traffic control: The need for a multifactorial model’’, Work, 41(1):159-166.
- Eurocontrol, (2010) ‘‘Human Performance in Air Traffic Management Safety’’, Eurocontrol- Whitepaper Plan, Brussels.
- Goodman, S. A. ve Svyantek, D. J. (1999) ‘‘ Person–organization fit and contextual performance: Do shared values matter’’, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 55(2):254-275.
- Griffin, M. A. ve Neal, A. (2000) ‘‘Perceptions of safety at work: a framework for linking safety climate to safety performance, knowledge, and motivation’’, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(3): 347-358.
- Guttman, J. A., Stein, E., ve Gromelski, S. (1995) ‘‘ The Influence of Generic Airspace on Air Traffic Controller Performance’’, Federal Aviation Administration Technical Center Press, Atlantic City NJ.
- Hadley, G. A., Guttman, J. A., ve Stringer, P. G. (1999) ‘‘Air traffic control specialist performance measurement database’’, William J Hughes Technical Center Press, Atlantic City NJ.
- Hansen, J. V. (2004) ‘‘Genetic search methods in air traffic control’’, Computers & Operations Research, 31(3): 445-459.
- Hilburn, B., Parasuraman, R., Jha, P. ve McGarry, K. (2006) ‘‘Emerging human factors issues in future air traffic management’’, Center for Human Performance Research.
- Hopkin, V. D. (1982) ‘‘ Human factors in air traffic control’’, Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development Neuilly Sur-Sein, France. Isaac, A. R.ve Ruitenberg, B. (2017) ‘‘Air traffic control: human performance factors’’, Routledge.
- Jawahar, I. M., ve Carr, D. (2007) ‘‘Conscientiousness and contextual performance: The compensatory effects of perceived organizational support and leader-member exchange’’, Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(4): 330-349.
- Jeannot, E., Kelly, C. ve Thompson, D. (2003) ‘‘ The Development of Situation Awareness Measures in ATM Systems’’, Eurocontrol Press, Belgium.
- Johnson, C. W., Shea, C., House, W. ve Park, B. (2007) ‘‘Understanding the contribution of degraded modes of operation as a cause of incidents and accidents in air traffic management’’, Proceedings of the 25 th International System Safety Conference.
- Koopmans, L., Bernaards, C. M., Hildebrandt, V. H., De Vet, H. C. ve Van der Beek, A. J. (2014) ‘‘Construct validity of the individual work performance questionnaire.’’, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 56(3): 331-337.
- Kuhar, W. T., Gavel, P. ve Moreland, J. A. (1976) ‘‘Impact of Automation upon Air Traffic Control System Productivity/Capacity’’, Federal Aviation Administration Washington DC Systems Reseach and Development Service.
- Mogford, R. H., Guttman, J. A., Morrow, S. L. ve Kopardekar, P. (1995) ‘‘The Complexity Construct in Air Traffic Control: A Review and Synthesis of the Literature’’, CTA Inc Mickee City NJ.
- Motowidlo, S. J., Borman, W. C. ve Schmit, M. J. (1997) ‘‘A theory of individual differences in task and contextual performance’’, Human Performance, 10(2): 71-83.Onur, Ü. ve Yürür, S. (2011) ‘‘Duygusal Emek, Duygusal Tükenme ve Görev/Bağlamsal Performans İlişkisi: Yalova’da Hizmet Sektörü Çalışanları ile Bir Araştırma’’, Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, (37): 183-207.
- Rantanen, E. M. ve Vlach, P. M. (2007) ‘‘Development of air traffic control measures database’’, In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting,51(18): 1124-1128.
- Rothaug, J. (2004) ‘‘Age, Experience and Automation in European Air Traffic Control - Survey in the ECAC Area’’, Eurocontrol Publications,73-79.Ruitenberg, B. (1997) ‘‘Situational awareness in air traffic control—a model’’, The Controller, March, 8-11.
- Severinsson, E. I. ve Kamaker, D. (1999) ‘‘Clinical nursing supervision in the workplace-effects on moral stress and job satisfaction’’, Journal of Nursing Management, 7(2): 81-90.
- Shafique, Y. (2014) ‘‘Managing the Performance of Air Traffic Controllers: Developing and Proposing a Conceptual Perspective’’, European Journal of Business,6(7): 267-277.
- Sporer, S., Kinzner, B. ve Flühr, H. (2007) ‘‘ Wheelie–Advanced Display Filtering Technique (Design of a Simulation Setup)’’, Brétigny-sur-Orge, Eurocontrol Experimental Centre.
- Stager, P. ve Hameluck, D. (1990) ‘‘ Ergonomics in air traffic control’’, Ergonomics, 33(4): 493-499.
- Stedmon, A. W., Sharples, S., Littlewood, R., Cox, G., Patel, H. ve Wilson, J. R. (2007) ‘‘ Datalink in air traffic management: Human factors issues in communications’’, Applied ergonomics, 38(4): 473-480.
- Tabachnick, B. G., ve Fidell, L. S. (2013) ‘‘ Using multivariate statistics’’, UpperSaddle River.
- Turhan, U. (2009) ‘‘Performance perception of turkish air traffic controllers’’, International Journal of Civil Aviation, 1(1): 74-89.
- Viswesvaran, C. ve Ones, D. S. (2000) ‘‘ Perspectives on models of job performance’’, International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 8(4): 216-226.
- Williams, L. J. ve Anderson, S. E. (1991) ‘‘Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behaviors’’, Journal of Management, 17(3): 601-617.
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER PERFORMANCE: A FIELD STUDY
Yıl 2019,
Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 68 - 82, 01.03.2019
Meltem Akça
,
R. İbrahim Pınar
Öz
Aviation
industry has rapidly developed in our country like the worldwide. Related with
the enhancement of air traffic numbers, air traffic controllers’ performance
gets more importance. Sustainability of air traffic operations safety and
security is related with air traffic controllers’ performance. Air traffic
controller performance may be affected by the operational, environmental and
technological factors. In this study, it is aimed to reveal out the
performance factors of air traffic controllers who work in the top five
airports in Turkey. It is also used related literature to generate the research
model. According to the results of the study, it is found that airport site,
working conditions and usage of informantion technologies have impact on air
traffic controller performance.
Kaynakça
- Airbus (2018) “Global Market Forecast 2018-2037 ”, Airbus Press.
- Akca, M. (2017) “Havalimanı Yeri Uygunluğunun Değerlendirilmesi: Nitelden Nicele Bir Çalışma Uluslararası Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi”, 3(3):327-334.
- Astporsdottir, H. (2013) “Performance Metrics in Air Traffic Management Systems”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Reykjavık University.
- Bartlett, J.E., Kotrlik, J. W. K. J. W. ve Higgins, C. C. H. C. C. (2001) “Organizational research: Determining appropriate sample size in survey research appropriate sample size in survey research Information Technology, Learning, and Performance Journal, 19(1): 43-50.
- Bernardin, H. J. Ve Beatty, R. W. (1984) “Performance appraisal: Assessing human behavior at work’’ Boston, Kent Publishing Company.
- Binnewies, C., Sonnentag, S. ve Mojza, E. J. (2009) “Daily performance at work: Feeling recovered in the morning as a predictor of day‐level job performance”, Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 30(1):67-93.
- Borman, W. C. ve Motowidlo, S. M. (1993) ‘‘ Expanding the criterion domain to include elements of contextual performance: Personnel Selection in Organizations’’, Psychology Faculty Publications, San Francisco.
- Borman, W. C. ve Motowidlo, S. J. (1997) ‘‘Task performance and contextual performance: The meaning for personnel selection research’’, Human Performance, 10(2):99-109.
- Borman, W. C., Brantley, L. B. ve Hanson, M. A. (2014) ‘‘ Progress toward understanding the structure and determinants of job performance: A focus on task and citizenship performance’’, International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 22(4): 422-431.
- Campbell, J. P., McHenry, J. J. ve Wise, L. L. (1990) ‘‘Modeling job performance in a population of jobs’’, Personnel Psychology, 43(2): 313-575.
- Chang, Y. H. ve Yeh, C. H. (2010) ‘‘Human performance interfaces in air traffic control’’, Applied Ergonomics, 41(1):123-129.
- Çalışkan, Ö.T. (2010) ‘‘Conflict Resolution in Air Traffic Control’’, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
- Davis, C. G., Danaher, J. W. ve Fischl, M. A. (1963) ‘‘The influence of selected sector characteristics upon ARTCC controller activities’’, VA: Matrix Corporation Arlington.
- Doll, W. J. ve Torkzadeh, G. (1988) ‘‘The measurement of end-user computing satisfaction’’, MIS Quarterly, 259-274.
- Edwards, T., Sharples, S., Wilson, J. R. ve Kirwan, B. (2012) ‘‘Factor interaction influences on human performance in air traffic control: The need for a multifactorial model’’, Work, 41(1):159-166.
- Eurocontrol, (2010) ‘‘Human Performance in Air Traffic Management Safety’’, Eurocontrol- Whitepaper Plan, Brussels.
- Goodman, S. A. ve Svyantek, D. J. (1999) ‘‘ Person–organization fit and contextual performance: Do shared values matter’’, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 55(2):254-275.
- Griffin, M. A. ve Neal, A. (2000) ‘‘Perceptions of safety at work: a framework for linking safety climate to safety performance, knowledge, and motivation’’, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(3): 347-358.
- Guttman, J. A., Stein, E., ve Gromelski, S. (1995) ‘‘ The Influence of Generic Airspace on Air Traffic Controller Performance’’, Federal Aviation Administration Technical Center Press, Atlantic City NJ.
- Hadley, G. A., Guttman, J. A., ve Stringer, P. G. (1999) ‘‘Air traffic control specialist performance measurement database’’, William J Hughes Technical Center Press, Atlantic City NJ.
- Hansen, J. V. (2004) ‘‘Genetic search methods in air traffic control’’, Computers & Operations Research, 31(3): 445-459.
- Hilburn, B., Parasuraman, R., Jha, P. ve McGarry, K. (2006) ‘‘Emerging human factors issues in future air traffic management’’, Center for Human Performance Research.
- Hopkin, V. D. (1982) ‘‘ Human factors in air traffic control’’, Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development Neuilly Sur-Sein, France. Isaac, A. R.ve Ruitenberg, B. (2017) ‘‘Air traffic control: human performance factors’’, Routledge.
- Jawahar, I. M., ve Carr, D. (2007) ‘‘Conscientiousness and contextual performance: The compensatory effects of perceived organizational support and leader-member exchange’’, Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(4): 330-349.
- Jeannot, E., Kelly, C. ve Thompson, D. (2003) ‘‘ The Development of Situation Awareness Measures in ATM Systems’’, Eurocontrol Press, Belgium.
- Johnson, C. W., Shea, C., House, W. ve Park, B. (2007) ‘‘Understanding the contribution of degraded modes of operation as a cause of incidents and accidents in air traffic management’’, Proceedings of the 25 th International System Safety Conference.
- Koopmans, L., Bernaards, C. M., Hildebrandt, V. H., De Vet, H. C. ve Van der Beek, A. J. (2014) ‘‘Construct validity of the individual work performance questionnaire.’’, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 56(3): 331-337.
- Kuhar, W. T., Gavel, P. ve Moreland, J. A. (1976) ‘‘Impact of Automation upon Air Traffic Control System Productivity/Capacity’’, Federal Aviation Administration Washington DC Systems Reseach and Development Service.
- Mogford, R. H., Guttman, J. A., Morrow, S. L. ve Kopardekar, P. (1995) ‘‘The Complexity Construct in Air Traffic Control: A Review and Synthesis of the Literature’’, CTA Inc Mickee City NJ.
- Motowidlo, S. J., Borman, W. C. ve Schmit, M. J. (1997) ‘‘A theory of individual differences in task and contextual performance’’, Human Performance, 10(2): 71-83.Onur, Ü. ve Yürür, S. (2011) ‘‘Duygusal Emek, Duygusal Tükenme ve Görev/Bağlamsal Performans İlişkisi: Yalova’da Hizmet Sektörü Çalışanları ile Bir Araştırma’’, Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, (37): 183-207.
- Rantanen, E. M. ve Vlach, P. M. (2007) ‘‘Development of air traffic control measures database’’, In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting,51(18): 1124-1128.
- Rothaug, J. (2004) ‘‘Age, Experience and Automation in European Air Traffic Control - Survey in the ECAC Area’’, Eurocontrol Publications,73-79.Ruitenberg, B. (1997) ‘‘Situational awareness in air traffic control—a model’’, The Controller, March, 8-11.
- Severinsson, E. I. ve Kamaker, D. (1999) ‘‘Clinical nursing supervision in the workplace-effects on moral stress and job satisfaction’’, Journal of Nursing Management, 7(2): 81-90.
- Shafique, Y. (2014) ‘‘Managing the Performance of Air Traffic Controllers: Developing and Proposing a Conceptual Perspective’’, European Journal of Business,6(7): 267-277.
- Sporer, S., Kinzner, B. ve Flühr, H. (2007) ‘‘ Wheelie–Advanced Display Filtering Technique (Design of a Simulation Setup)’’, Brétigny-sur-Orge, Eurocontrol Experimental Centre.
- Stager, P. ve Hameluck, D. (1990) ‘‘ Ergonomics in air traffic control’’, Ergonomics, 33(4): 493-499.
- Stedmon, A. W., Sharples, S., Littlewood, R., Cox, G., Patel, H. ve Wilson, J. R. (2007) ‘‘ Datalink in air traffic management: Human factors issues in communications’’, Applied ergonomics, 38(4): 473-480.
- Tabachnick, B. G., ve Fidell, L. S. (2013) ‘‘ Using multivariate statistics’’, UpperSaddle River.
- Turhan, U. (2009) ‘‘Performance perception of turkish air traffic controllers’’, International Journal of Civil Aviation, 1(1): 74-89.
- Viswesvaran, C. ve Ones, D. S. (2000) ‘‘ Perspectives on models of job performance’’, International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 8(4): 216-226.
- Williams, L. J. ve Anderson, S. E. (1991) ‘‘Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behaviors’’, Journal of Management, 17(3): 601-617.