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Air pollution, pollutant emissions and harmfull effects

Year 2017, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 8 - 15, 31.12.2017

Abstract



Present paper is
an overview of the engine and air
pollution problem especially in the urban areas.
Air pollution is caused
bu pollutant emissions is popular problem that should be solved in the world by
means of its harmfull effects.
The
combustion processes of diesel and gasoline fuels in realted engines and other
hydrocarbon fuels in termical machines are main sources of air pollutant
emissions. These main pollutants are nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon dioxide (CO2),
sulphur oxides (SOx), hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), particulates matter
(PM), lead (Pb), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). All these emissions are
firstly introduced and classified in the view of their sorces and formation
processes. Then, their negative and harmfull effects on global warming,
environment and human healt have been presented. Finaly the processes and
technologies of reducing these pollutant emissions were presented.




References

  • 1. www.rshm.sağlık.gov.tr, Hava Kalitesi Sınır Değerleri. 2. Watson. H. C., and Lu, H., 25 years of emissions control its cost and benefits, Institution Mechanical Engineers, second seminar, MEP, 9-18, 1993. 3. Jankowski, A., Seczyk, J., Reksa, M. and Sitnik, L. Rape Seed Oil Methyl Ester Fuel as Alternative Diesel Fuel for High Speed Diesel Engines for Urban Buses, ASME, ICE– Vol. 24, 105-109, 1994. 4. Henssler, H., and Gospage, S., Standarts of the European Community, SAE Special Publications, 69-83, 1987. 5. Whelan, S., and Needham, J., Meeting the challenge of low emissions and fuel economy with the Ricardo 4-valve HSDI, Institution Mechanical Engineers, automobile emission and combustion MEP, 161-171, 1993. 6. Dunne, J.M., and Greening, P., European emission standards to the year 2000, Institution Mechanical Engineers, second seminar, MEP, 1 - 8, 1993. 7. Papset, F., Low emission natural gas engines for commercial vehicles, IMechE, automobile emission and combustion MEP, 195-201, 1993. 8. US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). US emissions inventory of US Gren house gas emissions from sinks, Washington, DC, 1990–2001; 2003. 9. Godish T. Airquality. Fourthedition. Boca Raton, Florida: LewisBooks; 2003. 10. Defra Publications. Air Quality in the UK, 2003. Defra Publications, Admail 6000, London SW1A 2XX, e-mail defra@iforcegroup.com, 2004. 11. Booth, M., Marriott, J. M., and Rivers, K.J., Diesel fuel quality in an environmentally – conscious world, Institution Mechanical Engineers, second seminar, MEP, 45-56, 1993. 12. Folinsbee, L. J., Human helth effects of air pollution, Environment Health Perspectives, 100, 45-56, 1993. 13. Roshton, L., Health impact of environmental tobacco smoke in home, Reviews on Environmental Health, 19(3-4), 291-309, 2004. 14. Lee, Y. L., and Guo, Y. L., Air pollution and asthma in Asia, Allergy and Clinical Immunology International, 16(4), 142-149, 2004. 15. Routledge, H. C., and Ayres, J. G., Air pollution and heart, Oxford Journals Medicine, 55(6), 439-447, 2005. 16. Gouveia, N., Bremner, S.A., Novaes, H. M. D. Association between ambient air pollution and birth weight in São Paulo, Brazil, Journal of Epidemiol Community Health 58:11-17, 2004. 17. Nancy, E. L. H., and Wynder, E. L., Diesel exhaust exposure and lung cancer: A case control study, Environmental Research, 34(1), no. 1, 77- 86, 1984. 18. Cowley, L.T., Jeune, A.L., and Lange, W. W., effect of fuel composition including aromatics control on emissions from a range of heavyduty diesel engines, Institution Mechanical Engineers, second seminar, MEP, 225-244, 1993. 19. Thomas, J. G., and Richard, B. S., Evaluating the health risk from secondary sulfates in Eastern North American Ambient Air Particulate Matter, Inhalation Toxicology, 17(1), 15-27, 2005. 20. Celia, A. A., and Conceicao, A. F., Effects air pollution on emercengency admissions for chronic obsructive pulmonary diseases in Oporto, Portugal, International Journal of Evironment and Pollution, 23(1), 42-64, 2005. 21. Rivers, K.J., Poassen , C.W.C., Booth, M., and Marriott, J.M., future diesel fuel quality – balancing requirements, Institution Mechanical Engineers, second seminar, MEP, 209-225, 1993. 22. Heywood, J.B. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamental, Mc Graw-Hill Book Comp., New York, 1988. 23. Evans, R. L., and Blaszczyk, J., The effects of combustion chamber design onexhaust emissions from spark ignition engines, Institution Mechanical Engineers Seminar 5, MEP, 25-29, 1993. 24. Pipho, M.J., Kittelson, D.B. and Zarling, D.D., NO2 Formation in a Diesel Engine, SAE Transactions 100 (Sect 3), paper no. 910231299-311, 1991. 25. Rigas, M. L., Ben-Jebria, A., and Ultman, J. S., Longitudinal distribution of ozone absorption in the lung: Effects of nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and ozone exposures, Archive of Environmental Health, 52, 173-178, 1997. 26. Colvile, R. N. Hutchinson, E. J. Mindell, J. S., and Warren, R. F., The transport sector as a source of air pollution, Atmospheric Environment, 35, 1537-1565, 2001. 27. Morgan W. K. C., Reger, R. B., and Tucker, D. M., Health effect of diesel emissions, The Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 41(6), 643-658, 1997. 28. Clark, S.J., Wagner, L. Schrock, M.D. and Piennaar, P.G. Methyl and Ethyl Soyabean Esters as Renewable Fuels for Diesel Engines, JAOCS,61(10), 1632-1638, 1984 29. Asmus, A., and Wellington, B. Diesel Engine and Fuel Systems, Third Edition, Printed in Malaysia, 1993. 30. Strayer, R. C., Blake, J. A. and Craig, W.K. Canola and High Erucic Rapeseed Oil as Substitutes for Diesel Fuel, JAOCS, 60(8), 1587–1597, 1983. 31. Hallock, P., Global change and modern coral reefs: New opportunities to understand shallow water carbonate depositional processes, Sedi-mentary Geology, 175(1-4), 19-33, 2005. 32. Hall, N. E. L. H., and Winder E. L., Diesel exhausts exposure and lung cancer: A case control study, Environmental Research, 34(1), 77-86, 1984. 33. Davydova, S., Heavy metals as toxicants in big cities, Microchemical Journal, 79(1-2), 133-136, 2005. 34. Bagchi, D., and Preuss, H. G., Effects of acute and chronic ovalexposure of lead on blood pressure and bone mineral density in rats, Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 99(5), 1155-1164, 2005. 35. Poschl, U. 2005, Atmospheric aerosols: composition, transformation, climate and health effects, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 44, 7520. 36. Naumova Y, Eisenreich SJ, Turpin B, Weisel CP, Morandi MT, Colome SD, et al. Polycyclicaromatichydrocarbons in theindoorandoutdoorair of 3 cities in US. EnvironSciTechnol 36: 2552–2559, 2002. 37. Wilkening KE, Barrie LA, Engle M. Trans-Pacific airpollution. Science 2000;290(5489):65–76. 38. Gyan K, Henry W, Lucille S, Laloo A, Lamsee-Ebanke C, McKay R, et al. African dust clouds are associated with increased pediatric asthma accident and emergency admission on the Caribbean island of Trinidad. Int J Biometeorol 49: 371–3766, 2005. 39. Paramesh, H., Water pollution and impact on child health, Indian Journal of Practical Pediatrics, 6(3), 219-223, 2004. 40. Möller, D., The trospheric ozone problem, Arhive Za Higijenu Radai Toxikologiju, 55(1), 11-23, 2004. 41. Madden, M. C., and Hogsett, W. E., A historical overview of the ozone exposure problem, Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 7(5), 1121-1131, 2001. 42. Farrel, A. E., Learning to see the invisible: Discovery and Measurment of Ozone, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 106(1-3), 59-80, 2003. 43. Johnston, H. S., Atmospheric ozone, Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, 43, 1-32, 1992. 44. Salanina, S., and Zhang, Y., Aerosols: Connection between regionalclimatic change and air quality – (IUPAC technical report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 76(6), 1241- 1253, 2004. 45. Akimoto H. Global air quality and pollution. Science 302: 1716–19, 2003.

Air pollution, pollutant emissions and harmfull effects

Year 2017, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 8 - 15, 31.12.2017

Abstract



Present paper is
an overview of the engine and air
pollution
problem especially in the urban areas.
Air pollution is caused
bu pollutant emissions is popular problem that should be solved in the world by
means of its harmfull effects.
The
combustion processes of diesel and gasoline fuels in realted engines and other
hydrocarbon fuels in termical machines are main sources of air pollutant
emissions. These main pollutants are nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon dioxide (CO2),
sulphur oxides (SOx), hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), particulates matter
(PM), lead (Pb), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). All these emissions are
firstly introduced and classified in the view of their sorces and formation
processes. Then, their negative and harmfull effects on global warming,
environment and human healt have been presented. Finaly the processes and
technologies of reducing these pollutant emissions were presented.




References

  • 1. www.rshm.sağlık.gov.tr, Hava Kalitesi Sınır Değerleri. 2. Watson. H. C., and Lu, H., 25 years of emissions control its cost and benefits, Institution Mechanical Engineers, second seminar, MEP, 9-18, 1993. 3. Jankowski, A., Seczyk, J., Reksa, M. and Sitnik, L. Rape Seed Oil Methyl Ester Fuel as Alternative Diesel Fuel for High Speed Diesel Engines for Urban Buses, ASME, ICE– Vol. 24, 105-109, 1994. 4. Henssler, H., and Gospage, S., Standarts of the European Community, SAE Special Publications, 69-83, 1987. 5. Whelan, S., and Needham, J., Meeting the challenge of low emissions and fuel economy with the Ricardo 4-valve HSDI, Institution Mechanical Engineers, automobile emission and combustion MEP, 161-171, 1993. 6. Dunne, J.M., and Greening, P., European emission standards to the year 2000, Institution Mechanical Engineers, second seminar, MEP, 1 - 8, 1993. 7. Papset, F., Low emission natural gas engines for commercial vehicles, IMechE, automobile emission and combustion MEP, 195-201, 1993. 8. US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). US emissions inventory of US Gren house gas emissions from sinks, Washington, DC, 1990–2001; 2003. 9. Godish T. Airquality. Fourthedition. Boca Raton, Florida: LewisBooks; 2003. 10. Defra Publications. Air Quality in the UK, 2003. Defra Publications, Admail 6000, London SW1A 2XX, e-mail defra@iforcegroup.com, 2004. 11. Booth, M., Marriott, J. M., and Rivers, K.J., Diesel fuel quality in an environmentally – conscious world, Institution Mechanical Engineers, second seminar, MEP, 45-56, 1993. 12. Folinsbee, L. J., Human helth effects of air pollution, Environment Health Perspectives, 100, 45-56, 1993. 13. Roshton, L., Health impact of environmental tobacco smoke in home, Reviews on Environmental Health, 19(3-4), 291-309, 2004. 14. Lee, Y. L., and Guo, Y. L., Air pollution and asthma in Asia, Allergy and Clinical Immunology International, 16(4), 142-149, 2004. 15. Routledge, H. C., and Ayres, J. G., Air pollution and heart, Oxford Journals Medicine, 55(6), 439-447, 2005. 16. Gouveia, N., Bremner, S.A., Novaes, H. M. D. Association between ambient air pollution and birth weight in São Paulo, Brazil, Journal of Epidemiol Community Health 58:11-17, 2004. 17. Nancy, E. L. H., and Wynder, E. L., Diesel exhaust exposure and lung cancer: A case control study, Environmental Research, 34(1), no. 1, 77- 86, 1984. 18. Cowley, L.T., Jeune, A.L., and Lange, W. W., effect of fuel composition including aromatics control on emissions from a range of heavyduty diesel engines, Institution Mechanical Engineers, second seminar, MEP, 225-244, 1993. 19. Thomas, J. G., and Richard, B. S., Evaluating the health risk from secondary sulfates in Eastern North American Ambient Air Particulate Matter, Inhalation Toxicology, 17(1), 15-27, 2005. 20. Celia, A. A., and Conceicao, A. F., Effects air pollution on emercengency admissions for chronic obsructive pulmonary diseases in Oporto, Portugal, International Journal of Evironment and Pollution, 23(1), 42-64, 2005. 21. Rivers, K.J., Poassen , C.W.C., Booth, M., and Marriott, J.M., future diesel fuel quality – balancing requirements, Institution Mechanical Engineers, second seminar, MEP, 209-225, 1993. 22. Heywood, J.B. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamental, Mc Graw-Hill Book Comp., New York, 1988. 23. Evans, R. L., and Blaszczyk, J., The effects of combustion chamber design onexhaust emissions from spark ignition engines, Institution Mechanical Engineers Seminar 5, MEP, 25-29, 1993. 24. Pipho, M.J., Kittelson, D.B. and Zarling, D.D., NO2 Formation in a Diesel Engine, SAE Transactions 100 (Sect 3), paper no. 910231299-311, 1991. 25. Rigas, M. L., Ben-Jebria, A., and Ultman, J. S., Longitudinal distribution of ozone absorption in the lung: Effects of nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and ozone exposures, Archive of Environmental Health, 52, 173-178, 1997. 26. Colvile, R. N. Hutchinson, E. J. Mindell, J. S., and Warren, R. F., The transport sector as a source of air pollution, Atmospheric Environment, 35, 1537-1565, 2001. 27. Morgan W. K. C., Reger, R. B., and Tucker, D. M., Health effect of diesel emissions, The Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 41(6), 643-658, 1997. 28. Clark, S.J., Wagner, L. Schrock, M.D. and Piennaar, P.G. Methyl and Ethyl Soyabean Esters as Renewable Fuels for Diesel Engines, JAOCS,61(10), 1632-1638, 1984 29. Asmus, A., and Wellington, B. Diesel Engine and Fuel Systems, Third Edition, Printed in Malaysia, 1993. 30. Strayer, R. C., Blake, J. A. and Craig, W.K. Canola and High Erucic Rapeseed Oil as Substitutes for Diesel Fuel, JAOCS, 60(8), 1587–1597, 1983. 31. Hallock, P., Global change and modern coral reefs: New opportunities to understand shallow water carbonate depositional processes, Sedi-mentary Geology, 175(1-4), 19-33, 2005. 32. Hall, N. E. L. H., and Winder E. L., Diesel exhausts exposure and lung cancer: A case control study, Environmental Research, 34(1), 77-86, 1984. 33. Davydova, S., Heavy metals as toxicants in big cities, Microchemical Journal, 79(1-2), 133-136, 2005. 34. Bagchi, D., and Preuss, H. G., Effects of acute and chronic ovalexposure of lead on blood pressure and bone mineral density in rats, Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 99(5), 1155-1164, 2005. 35. Poschl, U. 2005, Atmospheric aerosols: composition, transformation, climate and health effects, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 44, 7520. 36. Naumova Y, Eisenreich SJ, Turpin B, Weisel CP, Morandi MT, Colome SD, et al. Polycyclicaromatichydrocarbons in theindoorandoutdoorair of 3 cities in US. EnvironSciTechnol 36: 2552–2559, 2002. 37. Wilkening KE, Barrie LA, Engle M. Trans-Pacific airpollution. Science 2000;290(5489):65–76. 38. Gyan K, Henry W, Lucille S, Laloo A, Lamsee-Ebanke C, McKay R, et al. African dust clouds are associated with increased pediatric asthma accident and emergency admission on the Caribbean island of Trinidad. Int J Biometeorol 49: 371–3766, 2005. 39. Paramesh, H., Water pollution and impact on child health, Indian Journal of Practical Pediatrics, 6(3), 219-223, 2004. 40. Möller, D., The trospheric ozone problem, Arhive Za Higijenu Radai Toxikologiju, 55(1), 11-23, 2004. 41. Madden, M. C., and Hogsett, W. E., A historical overview of the ozone exposure problem, Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 7(5), 1121-1131, 2001. 42. Farrel, A. E., Learning to see the invisible: Discovery and Measurment of Ozone, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 106(1-3), 59-80, 2003. 43. Johnston, H. S., Atmospheric ozone, Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, 43, 1-32, 1992. 44. Salanina, S., and Zhang, Y., Aerosols: Connection between regionalclimatic change and air quality – (IUPAC technical report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 76(6), 1241- 1253, 2004. 45. Akimoto H. Global air quality and pollution. Science 302: 1716–19, 2003.
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Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hüseyin Aydın

Cumali İlkılıç

Publication Date December 31, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Aydın, H., & İlkılıç, C. (2017). Air pollution, pollutant emissions and harmfull effects. Journal of Engineering and Technology, 1(1), 8-15.