BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Effect of rotational grazing on some soil properties in Düzce of Turkey

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 67 Sayı: 1, 29 - 36, 01.01.2017
https://doi.org/10.17099/jffiu.79331

Öz

Effect of rotational grazing on some soil properties in Düzce of Turkey

Abstract: Pastures, one of the four important vegetation types in the world, have great potential not only in terms of forage production for animals, but also in terms of biological diversity. Yet, the pressure of continuous and overgrazing on pastures in Turkey affects both vegetation and soil negatively. Overgrazing leads to soil compaction, thus, soil permeability is influenced in a negative way. It is possible to remove these negative influences via amendment methods or reorganizing grazing. In this study, it was researched how short duration rotational grazing influenced some soil properties in a pasture where uncontrolled heavy grazing for many years in Düzce. As a result of the study, soil properties affected by rotational grazing at most were permeability and bulk density. While the value of bulk density increased from 1.19 gr cm-3 to 1.30 gr cm-3 in the continuous grazing pastures, it decreased from 1.38 gr cm-3 to 1.26 gr cm-3 in the rotational grazing pastures. It was demonstrated in the study that organizing grazing systems in the pastures can improve soil permeability and bulk density to a great extent.

Keywords: Rotational grazing, bulk density, permeability, pasture

Düzce yöresinde münavebeli otlatmanın bazı toprak özellikleri üzerine etkisi

Özet: Dünyadaki dört önemli vejetasyon tipinden bir olan meralar hayvanlara kaba yem temin etmenin yanı sıra biyolojik çeşitlilik açısında da önemli bir potansiyele sahiptir. Ancak ülkemizde mera alanları üzerindeki düzensiz ve aşırı otlatma baskısı gerek bitki örtüsü gerekse toprak üzerinde olumsuz etkiler oluşturmaktadır. Aşırı otlatmayla birlikte toprak sıkışması olmakta ve toprakların su geçirme özelliği olumsuz etkilenmektedir. Bu olumsuz etkiler mera alanlarında uygulanacak ıslah yöntemleri veya otlatmanın düzenlemesi ile düzeltilebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada da Düzce ilinde uzun yıllar kontrolsüz bir şekilde ağır otlatma yapılan bir mera alanında kısa süreli münavebeli otlatmanın bazı toprak özellikleri üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda münavebeli otlatmadan en fazla ve hızlı etkilenen toprak özellikleri geçirgenlik ve hacim ağırlığı olmuştur. Nitekim hacim ağırlığı değeri 3 yılın sonunda sürekli otlatılan alanda 1,19 gr cm-3 den 1,30 gr cm-3 değerine çıkarken; münavebeli otlatma yapılan alanlarda 1,38 gr cm-3 den 1,26 gr cm-3 düzeyine düşmüştür. Araştırma mera alanında otlatmanın düzenlenmesi ile toprakların geçirgenlik ve hacim ağırlığı özelliklerinde önemli iyileşmelerin olabileceğini ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Münavebeli otlatma, hacim ağırlığı, geçirgenlik, mera

Received (Geliş): 01.03.2016 - Revised (Düzeltme): 01.04.2016 -   Accepted (Kabul): 18.04.2016

Cite (Atıf): Ozcan, M., 2017. Effect of rotational grazing on some soil properties in Düzce of Turkey. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University 67(1): 29-36. DOI: 10.17099/jffiu.79331

Kaynakça

  • Altin, M., Gokkus, A., Koc, A., 2011. Range and Pasture Management. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock, General Directorate of Vegetative Production, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Corwin, D.L., Lesch, S.M., 2005. Apparent soil electrical conductivity measurements in agriculture. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 46: 11–43.
  • Cetiner, M., Gokkus, A., Parlak, M., 2012. Effect of grazing on vegetation and soil traits of an artificial rangeland. Anadolu Journal of Agricultural Science 27 (2): 80-88.
  • Drewry, J.J., 2006. Natural recovery of soil physical properties from treading damage of pastoral soils in New Zealand and Australia: A review. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 114: 159–169.
  • Du Toit, G.N., Snyaman, H.A., Malan, P.J., 2009. Physical impact of grazing by sheep on soil parameters in the Nama Karoo subshrub/grass rangeland of South Africa. Journal of Arid Environments 73: 804-810.
  • Ekmekci, E., Mehmet, A., Tekin, K., 2005. The Effect of Salinity on Plant Growth. Anadolu Journal of Agricultural Sciences 20(3): 118-125.
  • Gulcur, F., 1974. Physical and Chemical Analysing Methods of Soil, Istanbul University Faculty of Forestry Publication number: 1970 / 201, Istanbul, Turkey.
  • Hamza, M. A., Anderson, W.K., 2005. Soil compaction in cropping systems a review of the nature, causes and possible solutions. Soil and Tillage Research 82:121-145.
  • Ksvuran, A., Nazli, R.I., Tansi, V., 2011. Currrent situation of meadow-rangelands, animal existence and cultivation for forage crops in Turkey and East Black Sea region. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University 28(2): 21-32.
  • Kuvvet, A.N., 2014. Efects of Grazing on Vegetation Structure and Hydro-Physical Properties of Soil at Alpine Rangelands of Trabzon-Düzköy Region. Master thesis, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Institute of Science, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey.
  • Li, C., Hao, X., Zhao, M., Han, G., Willms, W.D., 2008. Influence of historic sheep grazing on vegetation and soil properties of a desert steppe in Inner Mongolia. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 128: 109-116.
  • Li, Y., Zhao, H., Zhao, X., Zhang, T., Li, Y., Cui, J., 2011. Effects of grazing and livestock exclusion on soil physical and chemical properties in desertified sandy grassland, Inner Mongolia, northern China. Environmental Earth Sciences 63: 771-783.
  • Mekuria, M., 2013. Conversion of communal grazing lands into exclosures restored soil properties in the semi-arid lowlands of Northern Ethiopia. Arid Land Research and Management 27: 153-166.
  • Ozyuvaci, N., 1976. Hydrologic Characteristics of the Arnavutköy Creek Watershed as Influenced by Some Plant-Soil Water Relations. Istanbul University publication number no: 2082, Faculty of Forestry publication number no: 221, Istanbul, Turkey.
  • Ozhan, S., 2004. Watershed Management. Istanbul University publication number no: 4510, Faculty of Forestry publication number no: 481, Istanbul, Turkey.
  • Pei, S., Fu, H., Wan, C., 2008. Changes in soil properties and vegetation following exclosure and grazing in degraded Alxa desert steppe of Inner Mongolia, China. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 124: 33–39.
  • Pierce, F. J., Larson, W. E., Dowdy, R.H., Graham, W.A.P., 1983. Productivity of soils: Assessing long-term changes due to erosion. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 38(1): 39-44.
  • Schönbach P.H., Wan, M., Gierus, Y., Bai, K., Müller, L., Lin, A., Susenbeth, F.T., 2011. Grassland responses to grazing: effects of grazing intensity and management system in an Inner Mongolian steppe ecosystem. Plant and Soil 340 (1): 103-115.
  • Stavi I., E.D., Ungar, H., Lavee, P.S., 2008. Grazing-induced spatial variability of soil bulk density and content of moisture, organic carbon and calcium carbonate in a semi-arid rangeland. Catena 75:288-296.
  • Steffens M., Kölbl, A., Totsche, K.U., Kögel-Knabner, I., 2008. Grazing effects on soil chemical and physical properties in a semiarid steppe of Inner Mongolia (P.R. China). Geoderma 143: 63–72.
  • TSMS, 2015. Düzce Meteorological Service report, Turkish State Meteorological Service.
  • TUIK, 2016. Turkish Statistical Institute, http://www.tuik.gov.tr/UstMenu.do?metod=temelist Retrieved on : 24.02.2016)
  • Unal A., Mutlu, Z., Urla, O., Yildiz, H., Aydogdu, M., Sahin, B., Aslan, S., 2014. Improvement possibilities and effects of vegetation subjected to long-term heavy grazing in the steppe rangelands of Sivas. Journal of Field Crops Central Research Institute 23 (1): 22-30.
  • Wilkinson S.N., Hancock, G.J., Bartley, R., Hawdon, A.A., Keen, R.J., 2013. Using sediment tracing to assess processes and spatial patterns of erosion in grazed rangelands, Burdekin River basin, Australia. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 180: 90-102.
  • Wu T.N., Shi, Z.H., Wu, G.L., Wang, D., 2014. Soil-hydrological properties response to grazing exclusion in a steppe grassland of the Loess Plateau. Environmental Earth Science 71: 745-752.
  • Yavuz, R., 2013. Fertilizer and Herbicide Applications for Rangeland Rehabilitation (Düzce Köprübaşıömerefendi case study). PhD thesis. Düzce University, Institute of Science, Düzce, Turkey.
  • Yong-Zhong S., Yu-Lin, L., Jian-Yuan, C., Wen-Zhi, Z., 2005. Influences of continuous grazing and livestock exclusion on soil properties in a degraded sandy grassland, Inner Mongolia, Northern China. Catena 59: 267–278.

Düzce yöresinde münavebeli otlatmanın bazı toprak özellikleri üzerine etkisi

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 67 Sayı: 1, 29 - 36, 01.01.2017
https://doi.org/10.17099/jffiu.79331

Öz

Effect of rotational grazing on some soil properties in Düzce of Turkey

Abstract: Pastures, one of the four important vegetation types in the world, have great potential not only in terms of forage production for animals, but also in terms of biological diversity. Yet, the pressure of continuous and overgrazing on pastures in Turkey affects both vegetation and soil negatively. Overgrazing leads to soil compaction, thus, soil permeability is influenced in a negative way. It is possible to remove these negative influences via amendment methods or reorganizing grazing. In this study, it was researched how short duration rotational grazing influenced some soil properties in a pasture where uncontrolled heavy grazing for many years in Düzce. As a result of the study, soil properties affected by rotational grazing at most were permeability and bulk density. While the value of bulk density increased from 1.19 gr cm-3 to 1.30 gr cm-3 in the continuous grazing pastures, it decreased from 1.38 gr cm-3 to 1.26 gr cm-3 in the rotational grazing pastures. It was demonstrated in the study that organizing grazing systems in the pastures can improve soil permeability and bulk density to a great extent.

Keywords: Rotational grazing, bulk density, permeability, pasture

Düzce yöresinde münavebeli otlatmanın bazı toprak özellikleri üzerine etkisi

Özet: Dünyadaki dört önemli vejetasyon tipinden bir olan meralar hayvanlara kaba yem temin etmenin yanı sıra biyolojik çeşitlilik açısında da önemli bir potansiyele sahiptir. Ancak ülkemizde mera alanları üzerindeki düzensiz ve aşırı otlatma baskısı gerek bitki örtüsü gerekse toprak üzerinde olumsuz etkiler oluşturmaktadır. Aşırı otlatmayla birlikte toprak sıkışması olmakta ve toprakların su geçirme özelliği olumsuz etkilenmektedir. Bu olumsuz etkiler mera alanlarında uygulanacak ıslah yöntemleri veya otlatmanın düzenlemesi ile düzeltilebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada da Düzce ilinde uzun yıllar kontrolsüz bir şekilde ağır otlatma yapılan bir mera alanında kısa süreli münavebeli otlatmanın bazı toprak özellikleri üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda münavebeli otlatmadan en fazla ve hızlı etkilenen toprak özellikleri geçirgenlik ve hacim ağırlığı olmuştur. Nitekim hacim ağırlığı değeri 3 yılın sonunda sürekli otlatılan alanda 1,19 gr cm-3 den 1,30 gr cm-3 değerine çıkarken; münavebeli otlatma yapılan alanlarda 1,38 gr cm-3 den 1,26 gr cm-3 düzeyine düşmüştür. Araştırma mera alanında otlatmanın düzenlenmesi ile toprakların geçirgenlik ve hacim ağırlığı özelliklerinde önemli iyileşmelerin olabileceğini ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Münavebeli otlatma, hacim ağırlığı, geçirgenlik, mera

Received (Geliş): 01.03.2016 - Revised (Düzeltme): 01.04.2016 -   Accepted (Kabul): 18.04.2016

Cite (Atıf): Ozcan, M., 2017. Effect of rotational grazing on some soil properties in Düzce of Turkey. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University 67(1): 29-36. DOI: 10.17099/jffiu.79331

Kaynakça

  • Altin, M., Gokkus, A., Koc, A., 2011. Range and Pasture Management. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock, General Directorate of Vegetative Production, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Corwin, D.L., Lesch, S.M., 2005. Apparent soil electrical conductivity measurements in agriculture. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 46: 11–43.
  • Cetiner, M., Gokkus, A., Parlak, M., 2012. Effect of grazing on vegetation and soil traits of an artificial rangeland. Anadolu Journal of Agricultural Science 27 (2): 80-88.
  • Drewry, J.J., 2006. Natural recovery of soil physical properties from treading damage of pastoral soils in New Zealand and Australia: A review. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 114: 159–169.
  • Du Toit, G.N., Snyaman, H.A., Malan, P.J., 2009. Physical impact of grazing by sheep on soil parameters in the Nama Karoo subshrub/grass rangeland of South Africa. Journal of Arid Environments 73: 804-810.
  • Ekmekci, E., Mehmet, A., Tekin, K., 2005. The Effect of Salinity on Plant Growth. Anadolu Journal of Agricultural Sciences 20(3): 118-125.
  • Gulcur, F., 1974. Physical and Chemical Analysing Methods of Soil, Istanbul University Faculty of Forestry Publication number: 1970 / 201, Istanbul, Turkey.
  • Hamza, M. A., Anderson, W.K., 2005. Soil compaction in cropping systems a review of the nature, causes and possible solutions. Soil and Tillage Research 82:121-145.
  • Ksvuran, A., Nazli, R.I., Tansi, V., 2011. Currrent situation of meadow-rangelands, animal existence and cultivation for forage crops in Turkey and East Black Sea region. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University 28(2): 21-32.
  • Kuvvet, A.N., 2014. Efects of Grazing on Vegetation Structure and Hydro-Physical Properties of Soil at Alpine Rangelands of Trabzon-Düzköy Region. Master thesis, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Institute of Science, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey.
  • Li, C., Hao, X., Zhao, M., Han, G., Willms, W.D., 2008. Influence of historic sheep grazing on vegetation and soil properties of a desert steppe in Inner Mongolia. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 128: 109-116.
  • Li, Y., Zhao, H., Zhao, X., Zhang, T., Li, Y., Cui, J., 2011. Effects of grazing and livestock exclusion on soil physical and chemical properties in desertified sandy grassland, Inner Mongolia, northern China. Environmental Earth Sciences 63: 771-783.
  • Mekuria, M., 2013. Conversion of communal grazing lands into exclosures restored soil properties in the semi-arid lowlands of Northern Ethiopia. Arid Land Research and Management 27: 153-166.
  • Ozyuvaci, N., 1976. Hydrologic Characteristics of the Arnavutköy Creek Watershed as Influenced by Some Plant-Soil Water Relations. Istanbul University publication number no: 2082, Faculty of Forestry publication number no: 221, Istanbul, Turkey.
  • Ozhan, S., 2004. Watershed Management. Istanbul University publication number no: 4510, Faculty of Forestry publication number no: 481, Istanbul, Turkey.
  • Pei, S., Fu, H., Wan, C., 2008. Changes in soil properties and vegetation following exclosure and grazing in degraded Alxa desert steppe of Inner Mongolia, China. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 124: 33–39.
  • Pierce, F. J., Larson, W. E., Dowdy, R.H., Graham, W.A.P., 1983. Productivity of soils: Assessing long-term changes due to erosion. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 38(1): 39-44.
  • Schönbach P.H., Wan, M., Gierus, Y., Bai, K., Müller, L., Lin, A., Susenbeth, F.T., 2011. Grassland responses to grazing: effects of grazing intensity and management system in an Inner Mongolian steppe ecosystem. Plant and Soil 340 (1): 103-115.
  • Stavi I., E.D., Ungar, H., Lavee, P.S., 2008. Grazing-induced spatial variability of soil bulk density and content of moisture, organic carbon and calcium carbonate in a semi-arid rangeland. Catena 75:288-296.
  • Steffens M., Kölbl, A., Totsche, K.U., Kögel-Knabner, I., 2008. Grazing effects on soil chemical and physical properties in a semiarid steppe of Inner Mongolia (P.R. China). Geoderma 143: 63–72.
  • TSMS, 2015. Düzce Meteorological Service report, Turkish State Meteorological Service.
  • TUIK, 2016. Turkish Statistical Institute, http://www.tuik.gov.tr/UstMenu.do?metod=temelist Retrieved on : 24.02.2016)
  • Unal A., Mutlu, Z., Urla, O., Yildiz, H., Aydogdu, M., Sahin, B., Aslan, S., 2014. Improvement possibilities and effects of vegetation subjected to long-term heavy grazing in the steppe rangelands of Sivas. Journal of Field Crops Central Research Institute 23 (1): 22-30.
  • Wilkinson S.N., Hancock, G.J., Bartley, R., Hawdon, A.A., Keen, R.J., 2013. Using sediment tracing to assess processes and spatial patterns of erosion in grazed rangelands, Burdekin River basin, Australia. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 180: 90-102.
  • Wu T.N., Shi, Z.H., Wu, G.L., Wang, D., 2014. Soil-hydrological properties response to grazing exclusion in a steppe grassland of the Loess Plateau. Environmental Earth Science 71: 745-752.
  • Yavuz, R., 2013. Fertilizer and Herbicide Applications for Rangeland Rehabilitation (Düzce Köprübaşıömerefendi case study). PhD thesis. Düzce University, Institute of Science, Düzce, Turkey.
  • Yong-Zhong S., Yu-Lin, L., Jian-Yuan, C., Wen-Zhi, Z., 2005. Influences of continuous grazing and livestock exclusion on soil properties in a degraded sandy grassland, Inner Mongolia, Northern China. Catena 59: 267–278.
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Research Makaleler (Araştırma Makalesi)
Yazarlar

Mehmet Özcan

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 67 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Özcan, M. (2017). Effect of rotational grazing on some soil properties in Düzce of Turkey. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, 67(1), 29-36. https://doi.org/10.17099/jffiu.79331
AMA Özcan M. Effect of rotational grazing on some soil properties in Düzce of Turkey. J FAC FOR ISTANBUL U. Ocak 2017;67(1):29-36. doi:10.17099/jffiu.79331
Chicago Özcan, Mehmet. “Effect of Rotational Grazing on Some Soil Properties in Düzce of Turkey”. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University 67, sy. 1 (Ocak 2017): 29-36. https://doi.org/10.17099/jffiu.79331.
EndNote Özcan M (01 Ocak 2017) Effect of rotational grazing on some soil properties in Düzce of Turkey. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University 67 1 29–36.
IEEE M. Özcan, “Effect of rotational grazing on some soil properties in Düzce of Turkey”, J FAC FOR ISTANBUL U, c. 67, sy. 1, ss. 29–36, 2017, doi: 10.17099/jffiu.79331.
ISNAD Özcan, Mehmet. “Effect of Rotational Grazing on Some Soil Properties in Düzce of Turkey”. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University 67/1 (Ocak 2017), 29-36. https://doi.org/10.17099/jffiu.79331.
JAMA Özcan M. Effect of rotational grazing on some soil properties in Düzce of Turkey. J FAC FOR ISTANBUL U. 2017;67:29–36.
MLA Özcan, Mehmet. “Effect of Rotational Grazing on Some Soil Properties in Düzce of Turkey”. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, c. 67, sy. 1, 2017, ss. 29-36, doi:10.17099/jffiu.79331.
Vancouver Özcan M. Effect of rotational grazing on some soil properties in Düzce of Turkey. J FAC FOR ISTANBUL U. 2017;67(1):29-36.