GEBELİKTE MİGREN TEDAVİSİNDE BAZI FİTOTERAPÖTİK ÜRÜNLERİN GÜVENLİLİĞİ
Yıl 2019,
Cilt: 43 Sayı: 1, 79 - 93, 31.01.2019
Elif Şahin
,
Fatma Genç
,
Elif Nur Solmaz
Öz
Amaç: Bu derlemede migren tedavisinde kullanılan fitoteropötik ürünler ve bu
ürünlerin gebelik döneminde güvenilirlikleri değerlendirilmiştir.
Sonuç ve Tartışma: Migren yaşam kalitesi ve iş kaybında önemli
düşüşlere yol açan primer bir baş ağrısı bozukluğudur. Gebelik döneminde migren
ataklarında genellikle iyileşme gözlenirken bazı vakalarda ataklar devamlılık
gösterebilir hatta daha da şiddetlenebilir. Bu durum anne ve bebek sağlığını
olumsuz etkileyerek maternal ve neonatal sorunlara yol açabilir. Migrenin
patofizyolojisi tam olarak bilinememektedir. Birçok ilaç grubu ve fitoterapötik
ürün migren tedavisinde kullanılmaktadır. İlaçların yan etki fazlalığı ve
genellikle gebelikte kullanılamamaları nedeniyle migren hastalarının ve
gebelerin alternatif olarak fitoterapötiklere yönelmeleri olası bir durumdur.
Modern tıpta kullanılan ilaçlarda olduğu gibi bitkisel drogların da istenmeyen
etkileri olabilir. Hamilelikte bitkisel ürünler kullanılmadan önce bitkinin
emenagog, abortif etkinliği ve doğum defektlerine yol açıp açmadığı hakkında
konunun uzmanına danışılmalıdır.
Kaynakça
- Şahin, E., Genç, F. (2018). Migren tedavisinde eczacının rolü. Lectio Scientific, 1(2), 8-20.
- Olukman, M., Parlar, A., Orhan, E.C., Erol, A. (2006). Gebelerde ilaç kullanımı: Son bir yıllık deneyim. Türk Jinekoloji ve Obstetrik Derneği Dergisi, 3(4), 255–261.
- Caglayan, N., Yesiltepe-Oskay, U. (2015). Gebelikte migren: maternal ve neonatal sağlığa etkileri. The Medical Journal of Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, 31(1), 34–38.
- Berkan, D. (1990). Gebelikte kullanılan ilaçların fötal ve neonatal zararları. Türkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci, 10(3), 173–177.
- Fox, A.W., Diamond, M.L., Spierings, E.L.H. (2005). Migraine during pregnancy: options for therapy. CNS Drugs, 19(6), 465–481.
- Şavlı, E. (2012). Paracetamol use in pregnancy. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 29, 91–94.
- Yıldız, A. (1992). Gebelikte ilaç kullanımı: Fötal toksisite ve teratojenite. Journal of Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2(4), 227–238.
- Gökçimen, A., Malas, M.A. (2003). Nonsteroidal anti-inflamatuvar ilaçların gebelikteki toksisiteleri ile ilgili literatürlerin gözden geçirilmesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(3), 50–52.
- Akyol, A., Erdemoğlu, K., Ertaş, M., Zarifoğlu, M., Dora, B., Göksan, B. (2011). Başağrısı tanı ve tedavi rehberi 2011 güncellenmiş şekli (10 Mart 2018). Erişim Adresi: http://okm.omu.edu.tr/okmm/okm_files/upl/files/basagrisi.pdf
- Gürsoy, A., Ertaş, M. (2013). Migrende profilaktik tedavi. Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi Dergisi, 50(1), 30–35.
- Silberstein, S.D. (2000). Migraine and Pregnancy. Journal SOGC, 700–707.
- Milanlıoğlu, A., Tombul, T. (2013). Migren başağrısında ne yapmalıyız? (Vol. 20). Erişim Adresi: https://www.journalagent.com/vtd/pdfs/VTD_20_1_40_47.pdf
- WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants - Volume 2. (15 Nisan 2018). Erişim Adresi: http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Js4927e/
- Galeotti, N., Ghelardini, C. (2013). St. John’s wort reversal of meningeal nociception: A natural therapeutic perspective for migraine pain. Phytomedicine, 20(10), 930–938.
- Çetin, M. (2011). Gebelikte psikotrop ilaç kullanımı: bir güncelleme. Clinical Psychopharmacology, 21(2), 21.
- Tracy-Stickler, K.W. (2016). Migraine herbal home remedies from around the world. Erişim Adresi: https://www.healthline.com/health/migraine-herbal-home-remedies-from-around-the-world
- Korkmaz, M. (2014). Kelkit (Gümüşhane) aktarlarında satılan tıbbi bitkilerin etnobotanik özellikleri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 18(3), 60-80.
- Yapıcı, İ.Ü., Hoşgören, H., Saya, Ö. (2009). Kurtalan (Siirt) ilçesinin etnobotanik özellikleri. Dicle Üniversitesi Ziya Gökalp Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 12, 191–196.
- Sarı, A.O., Oğuz, B., Bilgiç, A., Tort, N., Güvensen, A., Senol, S.G. (2010). Ege ve Güney Marmara Bölgelerinde halk ilacı olarak kullanılan bitkiler. Anadolu Journal of AARI, 20(2), 1–21.
- Akan, H., Korkut, M.M., Balos, M.M. (2008). An ethnobotanical study around Arat Mountain and its surroundings (Birecik, Şanlıurfa). Fırat Üniv. Fen ve Müh. Bil. Dergisi , 20(1), 67–81.
- Saraç, D.U., Özkan, C., Akbulut, S. (2008). Ethnobotanic features of Rize/Turkey province. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 6(3), 57–66.
- Güneş, F., Özhatay, N. (2011). An ethnobotanical study from Kars (Eastern) Turkey. The cultivation of Turkey’s geophytes and contributing new species or cultivars to the relevant endusties. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 4(1), 30–41.
- Korkmaz, M., Fakir, H. (2009). Odun dışı bitkisel orman ürünlerine ilişkin nihai tüketici özelliklerinin belirlenmesi (Isparta iline yönelik bir araştırma). Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, A(2), 10–20.
- Sungur, T. (2007). Migren tedavisinde kullanılan fitoteratötikler. Gazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Fitoterapi Programı,Ankara.
- Arıkan, Ayyıldız, Z.T. (2013). Astım modeli oluşturulan farelerde partenolatan akciğer histolojisi üzerine etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi.
- Pareek, A., Suthar, M., Rathore, G., Bansal, V. (2011). Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.): A systematic review. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 5(9), 103.
- Mills, E., Duguoa, J., Perri, D., Koren, G. (2006). Herbal medicines in pregnancy and lactation an evidence-based approach. London.
- Johnson, E.S., Kadam, N.P., Hylands, D.M., Hylands, P.J. (1985). Efficacy of feverfew as prophylactic treatment of migraine. British Medical Journal 291(6495), 569–573.
- Pfaffenrath, V., Diener, H., Fischer, M., Friede, M., Henneicke-von Zepelin, H. (2002). the efficacy and safety of Tanacetum parthenium (feverfew) in migraine prophylaxis-a double-blind, multicentre, randomized placebo-controlled dose-response study. Cephalalgia, 22(7), 523–532.
- Wider, B., Pittler, M.H., Ernst, E. (2015). Feverfew for preventing migraine. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2015(4).
- Mustafa, T., Srivastava, K.C. (1990). Ginger (Zingiber officinale) in migraine headache. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 29(3), 267–273.
- Sasannejad, P., Saeedi, M., Shoeibi, A., Gorji, A., Abbasi, M., Foroughipour, M. (2012). Lavender essential oil in the treatment of migraine headache: a placebo-controlled clinical trial. European Neurology, 67(5), 288–291.
- Yücel, Y. (2008). Migren Baş Ağrısında Tanı ve Tedavi Yaklaşımları. Dicle Tıp Dergisi, 35(4), 281–286.
- Arulmozhi, D.K., Sridhar, N., Bodhankar, S.L., Veeranjaneyulu, A., Arora, S.K. (2004). In vitro pharmacological investigations of Sapindus trifoliatus in various migraine targets. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 95(2-3), 239–245.
- Johnston, J. (2001). Petasites hybridus Monograph. Alternative Medicine Review, 6(2), 207-209.
- Lipton, R.B., Göbel, H., Einhäupl, K.M., Wilks, K., Mauskop, A. (2004). Petasites hybrdus root (butterbur) is an effective preventive treatment for migraine. Neurology, 63(12), 2240-2244.
- D’Andrea, G., Bussone, G., Allais, G., Aguggia, M., D’Onofrio, F., Maggio, M., Benedetto, C. (2009). Efficacy of Ginkgolide B in the prophylaxis of migraine with aura. Neurological Sciences, 30(S1), 121–124.
- Shah, P.P., Mello, P.M.D. (2004). A Review of medicinal uses and pharmacological effects of Mentha piperita. Natural Product Radiance, 3(4), 214–221.
- Wharf, C. (2008). Community Herbal Monograph on Mentha X Piperita L., Folium. Ema/Hpmc, (September), 4–8.
- Ernst, E., Pittler, M.H. (2000). The efficacy and safety of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.): An update of a systematic review. Public Health Nutrition, 3(4 A), 509–514.
- Ernst, E. (2002). Herbal medicinal products during pregnancy: are they safe? BJOG : An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 109(3), 227–235.
- Yao, M., Ritchie, H.E., Brown-Woodman, P.D. (2006). A reproductive screening test of feverfew. Is a full reproductive study warranted? Reproductive Toxicology, 22(4), 688–693.
- Shinde, P., Patil, P., Bairagi, V. (2012). Herbs in pregnancy and lactation: a review appraisal. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 3(9), 3001–3006.
- Kennedy, D.A., Lupattelli, A., Koren, G., Nordeng, H. (2016). Safety classification of herbal medicines used in pregnancy in a multinational study. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 16(1), 1–9.
- EMA-HMPC. (2012). Assessment report on Zingiber officinale Roscoe rhizoma. EMA/HMPC/577856/2010, 44(March), 49.
- Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC). (2009). Community Herbal Monograph on Hypericum perforatum L., Herba (Well-established medicinal use), (November), 1–9.
- Basch, E., Foppa, I., Liebowitz, R., Nelson, J., Smith, M., Sollars, D.,Smith, M. (2009). Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Miller). Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy, 4(2), 63-78.
- Pal, R., Mukherjee, A., Saha, A. (2013). Exploring post-coital anti-fertility activitiy with toxicological and hormonal profiling of Sapindus trifoliatus Linn. International Research Journal of Pharmaceutical and Applied Sciences, 3(5), 53-60.
- Chemical Information Review Document for Butterbur (Petasites hybridus, ext.) [CAS No. 90082-63-6] Supporting Nomination for Toxicological Evaluation by the National Toxicology Program. (2009). Erişim Adresi: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/
- Dugoua, J.J., Mills, E., Perri, D., Koren, G. (2006). Safety and efficacy of ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) during pregnancy and lactation. The Canadian Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 13(3), 277-284.
- Golalipour, M.J., Ghafari, S., Maleki, A., Kiani, M., Asadi, E., Farsi, M. (2011). Study of embryotoxicity of Mentha piperita L. during organogenesis in balb/c mice. International Journal of Morphology, 29(3), 862–867.
- European Medicines Agency (17 .06.2018) Erişim Adresi: http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/
- Ravindran, P.N. (2017). The Encyclopedia of Herbs and Spices - P N Ravindran - (2nd ed.). London: CABI. Erişim Adresi: https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=6pJNDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA46&lpg=PA46&dq=Angelica+sylvestris+L+pregnancy&source=bl&ots=L95WRpw1iR&sig=BsbPPoNzb7aOQnrQEOPOJqOauEw&hl=tr&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjMreW5grcAhWsApoKHRCZA2QQ6AEwCHoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=Angelica sylvestris
- EMA-HMPC. (2012). Community herbal monograph on Fraxinus excelsior L. or Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl, folium Final.
- Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC). (2009). Community Herbal Monograph on Hypericum perforatum L., Herba (Well-established medicinal use), (November), 1–9. https://doi.org/EMA/HMPC/101304/2008
- Romm, A. (2013). Zoë-Gardner, M.M. (Ed). American Herbal Products Association’s Botanical Safety Handbook, Second Edition, New York: CRC Press.
- Rouhi-Boroujeni, H., Khoddami, M., Khazraei, H.R., Dehkordi, E.B., Rafieian-Kopaei M. (2017). Supplement Issue: biological science hypolipidemic herbals with diuretic effects: A Systematıc Review, 8(2), 21–28.
- O’Hara, M., Kiefer, D., Farrell, K., Kemper, K.(1998). A review of 12 commonly used medicinal herbs. Archives of Family Medicine, 7, 523- 536.
- Shah, G.M., Khan, M.A., Ahmad, M., Zafar, M., Khan, A.A. (2009). Observations on antifertility and abortifacient herbal drugs. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(9), 1959-1964.
SAFETY OF SOME PHYTOTHERAPEUTIC PRODUCTS AT MIGRAINE THERAPY IN PREGNANCY
Yıl 2019,
Cilt: 43 Sayı: 1, 79 - 93, 31.01.2019
Elif Şahin
,
Fatma Genç
,
Elif Nur Solmaz
Öz
Objective: At this review
evaluates the phytotherapeutic products used at migraine therapy and safety of
these products in pregnancy.
Result and Discussion: Migraine is a
primary source of headaches that diminishes quality of life and work. Although
migraine attacks improve during pregnancy, certain cases show persistence and
may even get worse. This may cause
maternal and neonatal problems affecting the health of mother and baby during
pregnancy. Pathophysiology of migraines is not exactly known. Several medicine
groups and phytotherapeutic medications are used to treat migraines. Due to the
side effects of the medications, they are not used during pregnancy and
pregnant women with migraines may possibly reach for phytotherapy. Herbal drugs
may also have side effects like the drugs in modern medicine. Before using such
herbs during pregnancy, an expert should be advised with their potential
effects on emmenagogue, abortion and birth defects.
Kaynakça
- Şahin, E., Genç, F. (2018). Migren tedavisinde eczacının rolü. Lectio Scientific, 1(2), 8-20.
- Olukman, M., Parlar, A., Orhan, E.C., Erol, A. (2006). Gebelerde ilaç kullanımı: Son bir yıllık deneyim. Türk Jinekoloji ve Obstetrik Derneği Dergisi, 3(4), 255–261.
- Caglayan, N., Yesiltepe-Oskay, U. (2015). Gebelikte migren: maternal ve neonatal sağlığa etkileri. The Medical Journal of Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, 31(1), 34–38.
- Berkan, D. (1990). Gebelikte kullanılan ilaçların fötal ve neonatal zararları. Türkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci, 10(3), 173–177.
- Fox, A.W., Diamond, M.L., Spierings, E.L.H. (2005). Migraine during pregnancy: options for therapy. CNS Drugs, 19(6), 465–481.
- Şavlı, E. (2012). Paracetamol use in pregnancy. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 29, 91–94.
- Yıldız, A. (1992). Gebelikte ilaç kullanımı: Fötal toksisite ve teratojenite. Journal of Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2(4), 227–238.
- Gökçimen, A., Malas, M.A. (2003). Nonsteroidal anti-inflamatuvar ilaçların gebelikteki toksisiteleri ile ilgili literatürlerin gözden geçirilmesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(3), 50–52.
- Akyol, A., Erdemoğlu, K., Ertaş, M., Zarifoğlu, M., Dora, B., Göksan, B. (2011). Başağrısı tanı ve tedavi rehberi 2011 güncellenmiş şekli (10 Mart 2018). Erişim Adresi: http://okm.omu.edu.tr/okmm/okm_files/upl/files/basagrisi.pdf
- Gürsoy, A., Ertaş, M. (2013). Migrende profilaktik tedavi. Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi Dergisi, 50(1), 30–35.
- Silberstein, S.D. (2000). Migraine and Pregnancy. Journal SOGC, 700–707.
- Milanlıoğlu, A., Tombul, T. (2013). Migren başağrısında ne yapmalıyız? (Vol. 20). Erişim Adresi: https://www.journalagent.com/vtd/pdfs/VTD_20_1_40_47.pdf
- WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants - Volume 2. (15 Nisan 2018). Erişim Adresi: http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Js4927e/
- Galeotti, N., Ghelardini, C. (2013). St. John’s wort reversal of meningeal nociception: A natural therapeutic perspective for migraine pain. Phytomedicine, 20(10), 930–938.
- Çetin, M. (2011). Gebelikte psikotrop ilaç kullanımı: bir güncelleme. Clinical Psychopharmacology, 21(2), 21.
- Tracy-Stickler, K.W. (2016). Migraine herbal home remedies from around the world. Erişim Adresi: https://www.healthline.com/health/migraine-herbal-home-remedies-from-around-the-world
- Korkmaz, M. (2014). Kelkit (Gümüşhane) aktarlarında satılan tıbbi bitkilerin etnobotanik özellikleri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 18(3), 60-80.
- Yapıcı, İ.Ü., Hoşgören, H., Saya, Ö. (2009). Kurtalan (Siirt) ilçesinin etnobotanik özellikleri. Dicle Üniversitesi Ziya Gökalp Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 12, 191–196.
- Sarı, A.O., Oğuz, B., Bilgiç, A., Tort, N., Güvensen, A., Senol, S.G. (2010). Ege ve Güney Marmara Bölgelerinde halk ilacı olarak kullanılan bitkiler. Anadolu Journal of AARI, 20(2), 1–21.
- Akan, H., Korkut, M.M., Balos, M.M. (2008). An ethnobotanical study around Arat Mountain and its surroundings (Birecik, Şanlıurfa). Fırat Üniv. Fen ve Müh. Bil. Dergisi , 20(1), 67–81.
- Saraç, D.U., Özkan, C., Akbulut, S. (2008). Ethnobotanic features of Rize/Turkey province. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 6(3), 57–66.
- Güneş, F., Özhatay, N. (2011). An ethnobotanical study from Kars (Eastern) Turkey. The cultivation of Turkey’s geophytes and contributing new species or cultivars to the relevant endusties. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 4(1), 30–41.
- Korkmaz, M., Fakir, H. (2009). Odun dışı bitkisel orman ürünlerine ilişkin nihai tüketici özelliklerinin belirlenmesi (Isparta iline yönelik bir araştırma). Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, A(2), 10–20.
- Sungur, T. (2007). Migren tedavisinde kullanılan fitoteratötikler. Gazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Fitoterapi Programı,Ankara.
- Arıkan, Ayyıldız, Z.T. (2013). Astım modeli oluşturulan farelerde partenolatan akciğer histolojisi üzerine etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi.
- Pareek, A., Suthar, M., Rathore, G., Bansal, V. (2011). Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.): A systematic review. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 5(9), 103.
- Mills, E., Duguoa, J., Perri, D., Koren, G. (2006). Herbal medicines in pregnancy and lactation an evidence-based approach. London.
- Johnson, E.S., Kadam, N.P., Hylands, D.M., Hylands, P.J. (1985). Efficacy of feverfew as prophylactic treatment of migraine. British Medical Journal 291(6495), 569–573.
- Pfaffenrath, V., Diener, H., Fischer, M., Friede, M., Henneicke-von Zepelin, H. (2002). the efficacy and safety of Tanacetum parthenium (feverfew) in migraine prophylaxis-a double-blind, multicentre, randomized placebo-controlled dose-response study. Cephalalgia, 22(7), 523–532.
- Wider, B., Pittler, M.H., Ernst, E. (2015). Feverfew for preventing migraine. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2015(4).
- Mustafa, T., Srivastava, K.C. (1990). Ginger (Zingiber officinale) in migraine headache. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 29(3), 267–273.
- Sasannejad, P., Saeedi, M., Shoeibi, A., Gorji, A., Abbasi, M., Foroughipour, M. (2012). Lavender essential oil in the treatment of migraine headache: a placebo-controlled clinical trial. European Neurology, 67(5), 288–291.
- Yücel, Y. (2008). Migren Baş Ağrısında Tanı ve Tedavi Yaklaşımları. Dicle Tıp Dergisi, 35(4), 281–286.
- Arulmozhi, D.K., Sridhar, N., Bodhankar, S.L., Veeranjaneyulu, A., Arora, S.K. (2004). In vitro pharmacological investigations of Sapindus trifoliatus in various migraine targets. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 95(2-3), 239–245.
- Johnston, J. (2001). Petasites hybridus Monograph. Alternative Medicine Review, 6(2), 207-209.
- Lipton, R.B., Göbel, H., Einhäupl, K.M., Wilks, K., Mauskop, A. (2004). Petasites hybrdus root (butterbur) is an effective preventive treatment for migraine. Neurology, 63(12), 2240-2244.
- D’Andrea, G., Bussone, G., Allais, G., Aguggia, M., D’Onofrio, F., Maggio, M., Benedetto, C. (2009). Efficacy of Ginkgolide B in the prophylaxis of migraine with aura. Neurological Sciences, 30(S1), 121–124.
- Shah, P.P., Mello, P.M.D. (2004). A Review of medicinal uses and pharmacological effects of Mentha piperita. Natural Product Radiance, 3(4), 214–221.
- Wharf, C. (2008). Community Herbal Monograph on Mentha X Piperita L., Folium. Ema/Hpmc, (September), 4–8.
- Ernst, E., Pittler, M.H. (2000). The efficacy and safety of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.): An update of a systematic review. Public Health Nutrition, 3(4 A), 509–514.
- Ernst, E. (2002). Herbal medicinal products during pregnancy: are they safe? BJOG : An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 109(3), 227–235.
- Yao, M., Ritchie, H.E., Brown-Woodman, P.D. (2006). A reproductive screening test of feverfew. Is a full reproductive study warranted? Reproductive Toxicology, 22(4), 688–693.
- Shinde, P., Patil, P., Bairagi, V. (2012). Herbs in pregnancy and lactation: a review appraisal. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 3(9), 3001–3006.
- Kennedy, D.A., Lupattelli, A., Koren, G., Nordeng, H. (2016). Safety classification of herbal medicines used in pregnancy in a multinational study. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 16(1), 1–9.
- EMA-HMPC. (2012). Assessment report on Zingiber officinale Roscoe rhizoma. EMA/HMPC/577856/2010, 44(March), 49.
- Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC). (2009). Community Herbal Monograph on Hypericum perforatum L., Herba (Well-established medicinal use), (November), 1–9.
- Basch, E., Foppa, I., Liebowitz, R., Nelson, J., Smith, M., Sollars, D.,Smith, M. (2009). Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Miller). Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy, 4(2), 63-78.
- Pal, R., Mukherjee, A., Saha, A. (2013). Exploring post-coital anti-fertility activitiy with toxicological and hormonal profiling of Sapindus trifoliatus Linn. International Research Journal of Pharmaceutical and Applied Sciences, 3(5), 53-60.
- Chemical Information Review Document for Butterbur (Petasites hybridus, ext.) [CAS No. 90082-63-6] Supporting Nomination for Toxicological Evaluation by the National Toxicology Program. (2009). Erişim Adresi: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/
- Dugoua, J.J., Mills, E., Perri, D., Koren, G. (2006). Safety and efficacy of ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) during pregnancy and lactation. The Canadian Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 13(3), 277-284.
- Golalipour, M.J., Ghafari, S., Maleki, A., Kiani, M., Asadi, E., Farsi, M. (2011). Study of embryotoxicity of Mentha piperita L. during organogenesis in balb/c mice. International Journal of Morphology, 29(3), 862–867.
- European Medicines Agency (17 .06.2018) Erişim Adresi: http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/
- Ravindran, P.N. (2017). The Encyclopedia of Herbs and Spices - P N Ravindran - (2nd ed.). London: CABI. Erişim Adresi: https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=6pJNDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA46&lpg=PA46&dq=Angelica+sylvestris+L+pregnancy&source=bl&ots=L95WRpw1iR&sig=BsbPPoNzb7aOQnrQEOPOJqOauEw&hl=tr&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjMreW5grcAhWsApoKHRCZA2QQ6AEwCHoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=Angelica sylvestris
- EMA-HMPC. (2012). Community herbal monograph on Fraxinus excelsior L. or Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl, folium Final.
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