Deprem Felaketi Yaşayan Bireylere Uygulanan Psikoterapötik Müdahalelerin Etkinliğinin Meta Analiz ile Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 331 - 345, 25.08.2024

Sevda Uzun , Murat Semerci

Öz

Bu çalışma, deprem felaketi yaşayan bireylere uygulanan psikoterapötik müdahalelerin etkisini ortaya koymak amacı ile yapılmıştır. Meta analiz niteliğindeki bu çalışma için, Haziran-Eylül 2022’de PubMed, Web of Science, Google Akademik ve YÖK Tez Merkezi veri tabanları taranmıştır. Taramalar yıl sınırlamasına gidilmeden yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya incelemeler yapıldıktan sonra 13 araştırma alınmıştır. Veriler meta-analiz ve öyküsel anlatım yöntemleri ile sentez edilmiştir. Bu meta analizde deprem felaketi yaşayan bireylere uygulanan psikoterapötik müdahalelerin etkin olduğu tespit edilmiştir (SMD: -1.200. %95 CI: -1.692- 0.707; Z= -4.776, p = 0.000. I2= %97.116). Ayrıca çalışmada araştırmanın yapıldığı ülke/kıtanın, kullanılan psikoterapötik müdahale çeşitlerinin bireylere uygulanan psikoterapötik müdahalenin etkinliği üzerinde rol oynadığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca bilişsel davranışçı terapi, psikoterapi ve akupunktur yönteminin deprem felaketi yaşayan bireylerde etkin olduğu saptanmıştır. Deprem felaketi yaşayan bireylere yapılan psikoterapötik müdahaleler bireylerde oldukça olumlu etkiler yaratmakta ve bireylerin ruh sağlığını olumlu yönde etkilemektedir. Deprem felaketi yaşayan bireylere bilişsel davranışçı terapi, psikoterapi ve akupunktur yöntemlerinin uygulanması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Deprem, Psikoterapötik Müdahale, Meta Analiz.

Effectiveness of Psychotherapeutic Interventions for Individuals Coping with Earthquake Disasters: A Meta-Analysis

Öz

This study aims to assess the impact of psychotherapeutic interventions on individuals who have experienced earthquake disasters. This meta-analysis sourced relevant research from PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and the YÖK Thesis Center databases between June and September 2022, without temporal restrictions. Thirteen studies were selected after thorough review. Data synthesis employed both meta-analysis and narrative methods. The meta-analysis revealed significant efficacy of psychotherapeutic interventions for individuals affected by earthquake disasters (SMD: -1.200, 95% CI: -1.692 to 0.707; Z = -4.776, p = 0.000, I² = 97.116%). Additionally, the study identified the influence of geographical location and intervention types on effectiveness. Notably, cognitive-behavioral therapy, psychotherapy, and acupuncture emerged as effective interventions for this population. Psychotherapeutic interventions significantly improve the mental health of individuals affected by earthquake disasters. Cognitive behavioral therapy, psychotherapy and acupuncture methods are recommended for individuals who have experienced an earthquake disaster.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Earthquake, Psychotherapeutic İntervention, Meta-Analysis.

Kaynakça

• Alakara Özcan, G. (2018). Afetlerde psikososyal destek hizmetlerinin AFAD’da çalışan sosyal çalışmacılar tarafından değerlendirilmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü: Hacettepe Üniversitesi. https://acikbilim.yok.gov.tr/handle/20.500.12812/462884
• Başoğlu, M., Livanou, M., Şalcioğlu, E., & Kalender, D. (2003). A brief behavioural treatment of chronic post-traumatic stress disorder in earthquake survivors: results from an open clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 33(4), 647-654. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291703007360
• Başoğlu, M., Şalcioğlu, E., & Livanou, M. (2007). A randomized controlled study of single-session behavioural treatment of earthquake-related post-traumatic stress disorder using an earthquake simulator. Psychological Medicine, 37(2), 203-213. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291706009123
• Başoğlu, M., Şalcıoğlu, E., & Livanou, M. (2009). Single-case experimental studies of a self-help manual for traumatic stress in earthquake survivors. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 40(1), 50-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.04.001
• Bianchini, V., Roncone, R., Tomassini, A., Necozione, S., Cifone, M. G., Casacchia, M., & Pollice, R. (2013). Cognitive behavioral therapy for young people after l’aquila earthquake. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health: CP & EMH, 9, 238. https://doi.org/10.2174/1745017901309010238.
• Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2009). Introduction to meta-analysis. West Sussex-UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://books.google.com.tr.
• Brooks, S. K., Dunn, R., Amlôt, R., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2018). Training and post-disaster interventions for the psychological impacts on disaster-exposed employees: A systematic review. Journal of Mental Health. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2018.1437610.
• Brown, R. C., Witt, A., Fegert, J. M., Keller, F., Rassenhofer, M., & Plener, P. L. (2017). Psychosocial interventions for children and adolescents after man-made and natural disasters: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Psychological Medicine, 47(11), 1893-1905. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291717000496.
• Chen, Y., Shen, W. W., Gao, K., Lam, C. S., Chang, W. C., & Deng, H. (2014). Effectiveness RCT of a CBT intervention for youths who lost parents in the Sichuan, China, earthquake. Psychiatric Services, 65(2), 259-262. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201200470.
• Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical poweranalysisforthebehavioralsciences (2nd ed.). New Jersey: Lawrence ErlbaumAssociates, Inc. Retrieved from. http://books.google.com.tr/
• Cooper, H., Hedges, L. V., & Valentine, J. C. (Eds.). (2009). The handbook of research synthesis and meta-analysis (2nd ed.). New York: Russell Sage Publication
• Girolamo, G., Cerveri, G., Clerici, M., Monzani, E., Spinogatti, F., Starace, F., Tura, G., & Vita, A. (2020). Mental health in the coronavirus disease 2019 emergency—the Italian response. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 974-976. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1276.
• Doherty, A., Benedetto, V., Harris, C., Boland, P., Christian, D. L., Hill, J., ... & Clegg, A. J. (2021). The effectiveness of psychological support interventions for those exposed to mass infectious disease outbreaks: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry, 21(1), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03602-7.
• Goenjian, A. K., Walling, D., Steinberg, A. M., Karayan, I., Najarian, L. M., & Pynoos, R. (2005). A prospective study of posttraumatic stress and depressive reactions among treated and untreated adolescents 5 years after a catastrophic disaster. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(12), 2302-2308. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.12.2302.
• Grissom, R. J.,& Kim, J. J. (2005). Effect sizes for research: A broad practical approach. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. https://psycnet.apa.org/search/citedBy/2005-04135-000.
• Makwana, N. (2019). Disaster and its impact on mental health: A narrative review. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 8(10), 3090. https://doi.org/10.4103%2Fjfmpc.jfmpc_893_19.
• Maslovaric, G., Zaccagnino, M., Mezzaluna, C., Perilli, S., Trivellato, D., Longo, V., & Civilotti, C. (2017). The effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing integrative group protocol with adolescent survivors of the Central Italy Earthquake. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1826. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01826.
• Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & PRISMA Group. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. Annals of internal medicine, 151(4), 264-269. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135.
• Moiraghi, C., Poli, P., & Piscitelli, A. (2019). An observational study on acupuncture for earthquake-related post-traumatic stress disorder: The experience of the lombard association of medical acupuncturists/acupuncture in the world, in Amatrice, Central Italy. Medical Acupuncture, 31(2), 116-122. https://doi.org/10.1089/acu.2018.1329.
• Natha, F., & Daiches, A. (2014). The effectiveness of EMDR in reducing psychological distress in survivors of natural disasters: A review. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 8(3), 157-170. https://doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.8.3.157
• Okuyama, J., Funakoshi, S., Tomita, H., Yamaguchi, T., & Matsuoka, H. (2017). Mental health and school-based intervention among adolescent exposed to the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 24. 183-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.06.012.
• Park, J. S., & Choi, Y. J. (2022). The effect of a simulated fire disaster psychological first aid training program on the self-efficacy, competence, and knowledge of mental health practitioners. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 16(1), 102-108. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2020.184.
• Saltini, A., Rebecchi, D., Callerame, C., Fernandez, I., Bergonzini, E., & Starace, F. (2018). Early Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) intervention in a disaster mental health care context. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 23(3), 285-294. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2017.1344255.
• Shah, A. A., Gong, Z., Ali, M., Sun, R., Naqvi, S. A. A., & Arif, M. (2020). Looking through the Lens of schools: Children perception, knowledge, and preparedness of flood disaster risk management in Pakistan. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 50. 101907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101907.
• Tekin, Ö., & Dikmenli, Y. (2021). Analysis of pre-service classroom teachers‟ disaster awareness perception and earthquake knowledge level. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Journal of the Institute of Social Sciences, 7(1), 258-271. https://doi.org/10.31592/aeusbed.811043.
• Trimboli, C., Parsons, L., Fleay, C., Parsons, D., & Buchanan, A. (2021). A systematic review and meta-analysis of psychosocial interventions for 6–12-year-old children who have been forcibly displaced. SSM-Mental Health, 1. 100028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmmh.2021.100028.
• Tufanaru C, Munn Z, Aromataris E, Campbell J, Hopp L. Chapter 3: Systematic reviews of effectiveness. In: Aromataris E, Munn Z (Editors). JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. JBI, 2020. Available from https://s ynthesismanual.jbi.global. https://doi.org/10.46658/JBIMES-20-04
• Yin, Y., Jin, C., Hu, X., Duan, L., Li, Z., Song, M., ... & Li, L. (2011). Altered resting-state functional connectivity of thalamus in earthquake-induced posttraumatic stress disorder: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Brain Research, 1411, 98-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2011.07.016
• Wu, S., Zhu, X., Zhang, Y., Liang, J., Liu, X., Yang, Y., Yang, H., & Miao, D. (2012). A new psychological intervention:“512 Psychological Intervention Model” used for military rescuers in Wenchuan Earthquake in China. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 47(7), 1111-1119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-011-0416-2.
• Zang, Y., Hunt, N., & Cox, T. (2013). A randomised controlled pilot study: the effectiveness of narrative exposure therapy with adult survivors of the Sichuan earthquake. BMC Psychiatry, 13(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-13-41.