Effects of blood group types on risk of infection, disease severity, and mortality in COVID-19 patients

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 374 - 378, 15.03.2022

Emin Gemcioğlu , Salih Başer , Osman İnan , Emra Asfuroglu Kalkan , Bagdagul Guler , Selma Karaahmetoğlu , İmran Hasanoğlu , Rahmet Güner , Esra Copuroglu , İhsan Ateş

https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1036266

Cited By: 2

Öz

Aim: COVID-19 is an epidemic communicable disease that has been declared as a pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Clinical studies have demonstrated that advanced age and comorbid conditions enhance the severity of the infection. The objective of this study was to examine the of effects of blood group types on risk of infection, disease severity, and mortality in COVID-19 patients.
Material and Method: Included in this study were 1618 patients who had been diagnosed with PCR confirmed COVID-19 infection. The age, gender, blood type, disease severity, need for intensive care, and deaths of the patients were analyzed retrospectively. For the distribution of the blood types in a healthy population, statistics for the blood types of individuals in Ankara for 2020 were obtained from the Republic of Turkey Red Crescent Blood Services and used as a healthy control group for comparison with the data of the patients included in the study.
Results: Among the COVID-19 patients, blood type A was the most common type at a rate of 46.2%. This was followed by blood type O at a rate of 28.4%. The least common blood type was found to be type AB at a rate of 9%. When compared to the healthy population, blood type A was determined to be statistically significantly more common in COVID-19 infection (p=0.07,). In contrast, blood type O was determined to be less common when compared to the healthy population (p<0.001). No statistically significant differences were determined between the blood types and the risk of severe disease and mortality rate.
Conclusion: Based upon the results of the study, it can be hypothesized that blood group type O may be protective against the risk of contracting the disease and the development of severe infection, while blood group type A may be associated with an increased risk of contracting the disease. However, it was determined that there were no statistically significant associations of mortality and the development of severe disease with ABO blood types.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Blood Groups, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Disease Severity, Mortality

Kaynakça

• World Health Organization. Director-General's remarks at the media briefing on 2019-nCoV on 11 February 2020. http: //www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-2019-ncov-on-11-february-2020 (Accessed on February 12, 2020).
• Lindesmith L, Moe C, Marionneau S, et al. Human susceptibility and resistance to Norwalk virus infection. Nat Med 2003; 9: 548-53.
• Jing W, Zhao S, Liu J, Liu M. ABO blood groups and hepatitis B virus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2020; 10: e034114.
• Franchini M, Favaloro EJ, Targher G, Lippi G. ABO blood group, hypercoagulability, and cardiovascular and cancer risk. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2012; 49: 137-49.
• Ibrahim-Kosta M, Bailly P, Silvy M, et al. ABO blood group, glycosyltransferase activity and risk of venous thromboembolism. Thromb Res 2020; 193: 31-5.
• Bowen DJ. An influence of ABO blood group on the rate of proteolysis of von Willebrand factor by ADAMTS13. J Thromb Haemost 2003; 1: 33-40.
• Dunne E, Qi QM, Shaqfeh ES, et al. Blood group alters platelet binding kinetics to von Willebrand factor and consequently platelet function. Blood 2019; 133: 1371-7.
• Latz CA, DeCarlo C, Boitano L, et al. Blood type and outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Ann Hematol 2020; 99: 2113-8.
• Göker H, Aladağ Karakulak E, Demiroğlu H, et al. The effects of blood group types on the risk of COVID-19 infection and its clinical outcome. Turk J Med Sci 2020; 50: 679-83.
• Aktimur SH, Sen A, Yazicioglu B, Gunes AK, Genc S. The assessment of the relationship between ABO blood groups and Covid-19 infection. UHOD - Int J Hematol Oncol 2020; 30: 121-5.
• Zietz M, Zucker J, Tatonetti NP. Associations between blood type and COVID-19 infection, intubation, and death. Nat Commun 2020; 11: 5761.
• World Health Organization. Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected: interim guidance, https: //apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/330854 (Accessed on January 25, 2020).
• Ding X, Yu Y, Lu B, et al. Dynamic profile and clinical implications of hematological parameters in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 58: 1365-71
• Franchini M, Cruciani M, Mengoli C, et al. ABO blood group and COVID-19: an updated systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Blood Transfus 2021; 19: 317-26.
• Pendu JL, Breiman A, Rocher J, Dion M, Ruvoën-Clouet N. ABO blood types and COVID-19: spurious, anecdotal, or truly important relationships? a reasoned review of available data. Viruses 2021; 13: 160.
• Wu BB, Gu DZ, Yu JN, Yang J, Shen WQ. Association between ABO blood groups and COVID-19 infection, severity and demise: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Infect Genet Evol 2020; 84: 104485.
• Liu N, Zhang T, Ma L, et al. The impact of ABO blood group on COVID-19 infection risk and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Blood Rev 2021; 48: 100785.
• Domènech-Montoliu S, Puig-Barberà J, Pac-Sa MR, et al. ABO Blood Groups and the Incidence of Complications in COVID-19 Patients: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18: 10039.
• Ray JG, Schull MJ, Vermeulen MJ, Park AL. Association between ABO and Rh blood groups and SARS-CoV-2 infection or severe COVID-19 illness: a population-based cohort study. Ann Intern Med 2021; 174: 308-15.
• Tang N, Li D, Wang X, Sun Z. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18: 844-7.
• Fogarty H, Townsend L, Ni Cheallaigh C, et al. More on COVID-19 coagulopathy in Caucasian patients. Br J Haematol 2020; 189: 1060-1.
• McGonagle D, O'Donnell JS, Sharif K, Emery P, Bridgewood C. Immune mechanisms of pulmonary intravascular coagulopathy in COVID-19 pneumonia. Lancet Rheumatol 2020; 2: e437-e45.
• Cooling L. Blood groups in infection and host susceptibility. Clin Microbiol Rev 2015; 28: 801-70.
• Guillon P, Clément M, Sébille V, et al. Inhibition of the interaction between the SARS-CoV spike protein and its cellular receptor by anti-histo-blood group antibodies. Glycobiology 2008; 18: 1085-93.
• Cheng Y, Cheng G, Chui CH, et al. ABO blood group and susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome. JAMA 2005; 293: 1450-1.
• O'Sullivan JM, Ward S, Fogarty H, O'Donnell JS. More on 'Association between ABO blood groups and risk of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia'. Br J Haematol 2020; 190: 27-8.
• Dai X. ABO blood group predisposes to COVID-19 severity and cardiovascular disease. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2020; 27: 1436-7.
• Wu O, Bayoumi N, Vickers MA, Clark P. ABO(H) blood groups and vascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thromb Haemost 2008; 6: 62-9.