Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

The Relationship Between Personal Protection Behaviors and Fear Levels of Healthcare Professionals Who Had Covid-19 Vaccine

Year 2022, Volume: 8 Issue: 16, 1 - 8, 27.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.48121/jihsam.1048654

Abstract

Background. It is known that the use of personal protective equipment is effective in preventing the spread of covid19. The purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship between personal protection behaviors and fear levels of healthcare professionals who get Covid-19 vaccine.
Material and methods. This descriptive and relationship-seeker study was carried out between February and April 2021 using an online questionnaire method with 155 healthcare professionals who were actively involved in the Covid-19 pandemic process in a hospital in Istanbul. The data were obtained using the "Participant Information Form" consisting of 19 items and the "Covid-19 Fear Scale".
Results. The average score obtained from the Covid-19 Fear Scale was medium (X̄ = 2.54 ± 0.89). A positive significant relationship was found between the fear of Covid-19 and the use of gloves, masks, and disposable gowns before vaccination by the healthcare professionals participating in the study. After vaccination, there is a positive and significant relationship between the use of gloves and surgical masks and the fear of Covid-19.
Conclusions. According to the results of the study, female participants and participants who express their economic situation as moderate have a higher level of fear about Covid-19, and that vaccination affects the use of masks and disposable gowns by reducing the fear of Covid-19. Failure of healthcare workers to pay attention to the use of personal protective behivors after vaccination may increase the spread of variants such as omicron.

References

  • Ahmet, D. İ. N. Ç., & Mandıracıoğlu, A.(2021). Evaluation of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of Ege University medical faculty hospital staff about covid-19 and protective measures. Aegean Journal of Medical Sciences, 4(2), 42-51. https://doi/10.33713/egetbd.929984
  • Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C. Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The fear of COVID-19 scale: development and initial validation. International journal of mental health and addiction, 1-9. https://doi/10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8
  • Bish A, Yardley L, Nicoll A, Michie S. Factors associated with uptake of vaccination against pandemic influenza: A systematic review. Vaccine. 2011;29(38);6472-84.
  • Cascella M, Rajnik M, Aleem A, Dulebohn SC, Di Napoli R. Features, Evaluation, and Treatment of Coronavirus (COVID-19). 2021 Sep 2. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan–. PMID: 32150360.
  • Celik, S. S., Ozbas, A. A., Celik, B., Karahan, A., Bulut, H., Koc, G., ... & Ozlenen, C. O. (2020). The COVID-19 Pandemic: Turkish Nurses Association/COVID-19 Pandemic Process: Turkish Nurses Association. Journal of Education and Research in Nursing, KARE Publishing, İstanbul, Turkey.
  • Center of Disase and Prevention (CDC) (2021). Interim public health recommendations for fully vaccinated people. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/fully-vaccinated-guidance.html (2021), Accessed 1st Jul 2021 accessed
  • Coelho, C. M., Suttiwan, P., Arato, N., & Zsido, A. N. (2020). On the nature of fear and anxiety triggered by COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 3109. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.581314
  • Coşkun, R., Altunışık, R. & Yıldırım, E. (2017). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri: SPSS uygulamalı. Sakarya: Sakarya Yayıncılık.
  • Daly, M., & Robinson, E. (2020). Willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 in the US: Longitudinal evidence from a nationally representative sample of adults from April-October 2020. medRxiv.
  • Detoc, M., Bruel, S., Frappe, P., Tardy, B., Botelho-Nevers, E., & Gagneux-Brunon, A. (2020). Intention to participate in a COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial and to get vaccinated against COVID-19 in France during the pandemic. Vaccine, 38(45), 7002-7006. https://doi/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.041
  • Dodd, R. H., Cvejic, E., Bonner, C., Pickles, K., McCaffery, K. J., Ayre, J., ... & Nickel, B. (2021). Willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 in Australia. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 21(3), 318-319. https://doi/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30559-4
  • Fournet, N., Mollema, L., Ruijs, W. L., Harmsen, I. A., Keck, F., Durand, J. Y., ... & van Steenbergen, J. E. (2018). Under-vaccinated groups in Europe and their beliefs, attitudes and reasons for non-vaccination; two systematic reviews. BMC public health, 18(1), 1-17. https://doi/10.1186/s12889-018-5103-8
  • affe, E., Strugo, R., Bin, E., Blustein, O., Rosenblat, I., Alpert, E. A., & Sonkin, R. (2020). The role of emergency medical services in containing COVID-19. The American journal of emergency medicine, 38(7), 1526-1527. https://doi/10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.023
  • Karagöz, Y. (2016). SPSS 23 ve AMOS 23 Uygulamalı İstatistiksel Analizler. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Kaya, O. (2021). Covid19 vaccines. Med J SDU, (Special issue-1),31-35. https://doi/10.17343/sdutfd.9050593
  • Koruk, I., Tekin Koruk, S., Tuncer, K., Demir, C., Kara, B., & Seyhanoglu, A. S. (2014). The immunization level of healthcare workers against occupational infectious diseases in Şanlıurfa. Klimik, 27(2), 48-56. https://doi/10.5152/kd.2014.13
  • Kurtuluş, Ş., & Can, R. (2021). What Do Health Care Professionals Think About Covid-19 Vaccine Applications: A University Example. Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(1), 29-34. https://doi.org/10.35440/hutfd.908043
  • Kwon, S., Joshi, A. D., Lo, C. H., Drew, D. A., Nguyen, L. H., Guo, C. G., ... & Chan, A. T. (2021). Association of social distancing and face mask use with risk of COVID-19. Nature Communications, 12(1), 1-10. https://doi/10.1101/2020.11.11.20229500
  • Lazarus, J. V., Ratzan, S. C., Palayew, A., Gostin, L. O., Larson, H. J., Rabin, K., ... & El-Mohandes, A. (2021). A global survey of potential acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine. Nature medicine, 27(2), 225-228. https://doi/10.1038/s41591-020-1124-9
  • Mahase, E. (2021). Delta variant: What is happening with transmission, hospital admissions, and restrictions?. BMJ (Clinical Research ed.), 373, n1513-n1513. https://doi/10.1136/bmj.n1513.
  • Malik, S., Ullah, I., Irfan, M., Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C. Y., Pakpour, A. H., ... & Minhas, R. (2021). Fear of COVID-19 and workplace phobia among Pakistani doctors: A survey study. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10873-y
  • Mamun, M. A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). First COVID-19 suicide case in Bangladesh due to fear of COVID-19 and xenophobia: Possible suicide prevention strategies. Asian journal of psychiatry, 51, 102073. https://doi/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102073.
  • Nzaji, M. K., Ngombe, L. K., Mwamba, G. N., Ndala, D. B. B., Miema, J. M., Lungoyo, C. L., ... & Musenga, E. M. (2020). Acceptability of vaccination against COVID-19 among healthcare workers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Pragmatic and observational research, 11, 103-109. https://doi/10.2147/POR.S271096
  • Ornell F, Schuch JB, Sordi AO, Kessler FH (2020) “Pandemic fear” and COVID-19: Mental health burden and strategies. Braz J Psychiatry 42: 232-235. https://doi/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0008. 25 Qattan, A., Alshareef, N., Alsharqi, O., Al Rahahleh, N., Chirwa, G. C., & Al-Hanawi, M. K. (2021). Acceptability of a COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Frontiers in Medicine, 8, 83. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.644300
  • Reiter, P. L., Pennell, M. L., & Katz, M. L. (2020). Acceptability of a COVID-19 vaccine among adults in the United States: How many people would get vaccinated?. Vaccine, 38(42), 6500-6507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.08.043
  • Satici, B., Gocet-Tekin, E., Deniz, M. E., & Satici, S. A. (2020). Adaptation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Its association with psychological distress and life satisfaction in Turkey. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00294-0
  • Shekhar, R., Sheikh, A. B., Upadhyay, S., Singh, M., Kottewar, S., Mir, H., ... & Pal, S. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among health care workers in the United States. Vaccines, 9(2), 119. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020119
  • Singh J. A. (2020). COVID-19 vaccine trials: Duty of care and standard of prevention considerations. Vaccine, 38(48), 7578–7580. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.012
  • Spoorthy, M. S., Pratapa, S. K., & Mahant, S. (2020). Mental health problems faced by healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic-A review. Asian J Psychiatr, 102119-102119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102119
  • Tsiga-Ahmed, F. I., Amole, T. G., Musa, B. M., Nalado, A. M., Agoyi, O. B., Galadanci, H. S., & Salihu, H. M. (2021). COVID 19: Evaluating the Knowledge, Attitude and Preventive Practices of Healthcare Workers in Northern Nigeria. International Journal of MCH & AIDS, 88-97. https://doi/10.21106/ijma.418. 33
  • Wang, J., Jing, R., Lai, X., Zhang, H., Lyu, Y., Knoll, M. D., & Fang, H. (2020). Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China. Vaccines, 8(3), 482. https://doi/10.3390/vaccines8030482
  • World Health Organizaston (2021). COVID-19 advice for the public: Getting vaccinated. Available at https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/covid-19-vaccines/advice
  • Yang, K., Liu, H., Ma, L., Wang, S., Tian, Y., Zhang, F., ... & Jiang, X. (2021). Knowledge, attitude and practice of residents in the prevention and control of COVID‐19: An online questionnaire survey. Journal of advanced nursing, 77(4), 1839-1855. https://doi/10.1111/jan.14718.
  • Yoda, T., & Katsuyama, H. (2021). Willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination in Japan. Vaccines, 9(1), 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9010048
  • Zhang, N., Liu, X., Jin, T., Zhao, P., Miao, D., Lei, H., ... & Li, Y. (2021). Weakening personal protective behavior by Chinese university students after COVID-19 vaccination. Building and Environment, 108367-108367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108367
  • Zhang, W. R., Wang, K., Yin, L., Zhao, W. F., Xue, Q., Peng, M., ... & Wang, H. X. (2020). Mental health and psychosocial problems of medical health workers during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 89(4), 242-250. https://doi/10.1111/jan.14718
Year 2022, Volume: 8 Issue: 16, 1 - 8, 27.10.2022
https://doi.org/10.48121/jihsam.1048654

Abstract

References

  • Ahmet, D. İ. N. Ç., & Mandıracıoğlu, A.(2021). Evaluation of knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of Ege University medical faculty hospital staff about covid-19 and protective measures. Aegean Journal of Medical Sciences, 4(2), 42-51. https://doi/10.33713/egetbd.929984
  • Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C. Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The fear of COVID-19 scale: development and initial validation. International journal of mental health and addiction, 1-9. https://doi/10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8
  • Bish A, Yardley L, Nicoll A, Michie S. Factors associated with uptake of vaccination against pandemic influenza: A systematic review. Vaccine. 2011;29(38);6472-84.
  • Cascella M, Rajnik M, Aleem A, Dulebohn SC, Di Napoli R. Features, Evaluation, and Treatment of Coronavirus (COVID-19). 2021 Sep 2. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan–. PMID: 32150360.
  • Celik, S. S., Ozbas, A. A., Celik, B., Karahan, A., Bulut, H., Koc, G., ... & Ozlenen, C. O. (2020). The COVID-19 Pandemic: Turkish Nurses Association/COVID-19 Pandemic Process: Turkish Nurses Association. Journal of Education and Research in Nursing, KARE Publishing, İstanbul, Turkey.
  • Center of Disase and Prevention (CDC) (2021). Interim public health recommendations for fully vaccinated people. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/fully-vaccinated-guidance.html (2021), Accessed 1st Jul 2021 accessed
  • Coelho, C. M., Suttiwan, P., Arato, N., & Zsido, A. N. (2020). On the nature of fear and anxiety triggered by COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 3109. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.581314
  • Coşkun, R., Altunışık, R. & Yıldırım, E. (2017). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri: SPSS uygulamalı. Sakarya: Sakarya Yayıncılık.
  • Daly, M., & Robinson, E. (2020). Willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 in the US: Longitudinal evidence from a nationally representative sample of adults from April-October 2020. medRxiv.
  • Detoc, M., Bruel, S., Frappe, P., Tardy, B., Botelho-Nevers, E., & Gagneux-Brunon, A. (2020). Intention to participate in a COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial and to get vaccinated against COVID-19 in France during the pandemic. Vaccine, 38(45), 7002-7006. https://doi/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.041
  • Dodd, R. H., Cvejic, E., Bonner, C., Pickles, K., McCaffery, K. J., Ayre, J., ... & Nickel, B. (2021). Willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 in Australia. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 21(3), 318-319. https://doi/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30559-4
  • Fournet, N., Mollema, L., Ruijs, W. L., Harmsen, I. A., Keck, F., Durand, J. Y., ... & van Steenbergen, J. E. (2018). Under-vaccinated groups in Europe and their beliefs, attitudes and reasons for non-vaccination; two systematic reviews. BMC public health, 18(1), 1-17. https://doi/10.1186/s12889-018-5103-8
  • affe, E., Strugo, R., Bin, E., Blustein, O., Rosenblat, I., Alpert, E. A., & Sonkin, R. (2020). The role of emergency medical services in containing COVID-19. The American journal of emergency medicine, 38(7), 1526-1527. https://doi/10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.023
  • Karagöz, Y. (2016). SPSS 23 ve AMOS 23 Uygulamalı İstatistiksel Analizler. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Kaya, O. (2021). Covid19 vaccines. Med J SDU, (Special issue-1),31-35. https://doi/10.17343/sdutfd.9050593
  • Koruk, I., Tekin Koruk, S., Tuncer, K., Demir, C., Kara, B., & Seyhanoglu, A. S. (2014). The immunization level of healthcare workers against occupational infectious diseases in Şanlıurfa. Klimik, 27(2), 48-56. https://doi/10.5152/kd.2014.13
  • Kurtuluş, Ş., & Can, R. (2021). What Do Health Care Professionals Think About Covid-19 Vaccine Applications: A University Example. Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(1), 29-34. https://doi.org/10.35440/hutfd.908043
  • Kwon, S., Joshi, A. D., Lo, C. H., Drew, D. A., Nguyen, L. H., Guo, C. G., ... & Chan, A. T. (2021). Association of social distancing and face mask use with risk of COVID-19. Nature Communications, 12(1), 1-10. https://doi/10.1101/2020.11.11.20229500
  • Lazarus, J. V., Ratzan, S. C., Palayew, A., Gostin, L. O., Larson, H. J., Rabin, K., ... & El-Mohandes, A. (2021). A global survey of potential acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine. Nature medicine, 27(2), 225-228. https://doi/10.1038/s41591-020-1124-9
  • Mahase, E. (2021). Delta variant: What is happening with transmission, hospital admissions, and restrictions?. BMJ (Clinical Research ed.), 373, n1513-n1513. https://doi/10.1136/bmj.n1513.
  • Malik, S., Ullah, I., Irfan, M., Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C. Y., Pakpour, A. H., ... & Minhas, R. (2021). Fear of COVID-19 and workplace phobia among Pakistani doctors: A survey study. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10873-y
  • Mamun, M. A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). First COVID-19 suicide case in Bangladesh due to fear of COVID-19 and xenophobia: Possible suicide prevention strategies. Asian journal of psychiatry, 51, 102073. https://doi/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102073.
  • Nzaji, M. K., Ngombe, L. K., Mwamba, G. N., Ndala, D. B. B., Miema, J. M., Lungoyo, C. L., ... & Musenga, E. M. (2020). Acceptability of vaccination against COVID-19 among healthcare workers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Pragmatic and observational research, 11, 103-109. https://doi/10.2147/POR.S271096
  • Ornell F, Schuch JB, Sordi AO, Kessler FH (2020) “Pandemic fear” and COVID-19: Mental health burden and strategies. Braz J Psychiatry 42: 232-235. https://doi/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0008. 25 Qattan, A., Alshareef, N., Alsharqi, O., Al Rahahleh, N., Chirwa, G. C., & Al-Hanawi, M. K. (2021). Acceptability of a COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Frontiers in Medicine, 8, 83. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.644300
  • Reiter, P. L., Pennell, M. L., & Katz, M. L. (2020). Acceptability of a COVID-19 vaccine among adults in the United States: How many people would get vaccinated?. Vaccine, 38(42), 6500-6507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.08.043
  • Satici, B., Gocet-Tekin, E., Deniz, M. E., & Satici, S. A. (2020). Adaptation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Its association with psychological distress and life satisfaction in Turkey. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00294-0
  • Shekhar, R., Sheikh, A. B., Upadhyay, S., Singh, M., Kottewar, S., Mir, H., ... & Pal, S. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among health care workers in the United States. Vaccines, 9(2), 119. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020119
  • Singh J. A. (2020). COVID-19 vaccine trials: Duty of care and standard of prevention considerations. Vaccine, 38(48), 7578–7580. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.012
  • Spoorthy, M. S., Pratapa, S. K., & Mahant, S. (2020). Mental health problems faced by healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic-A review. Asian J Psychiatr, 102119-102119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102119
  • Tsiga-Ahmed, F. I., Amole, T. G., Musa, B. M., Nalado, A. M., Agoyi, O. B., Galadanci, H. S., & Salihu, H. M. (2021). COVID 19: Evaluating the Knowledge, Attitude and Preventive Practices of Healthcare Workers in Northern Nigeria. International Journal of MCH & AIDS, 88-97. https://doi/10.21106/ijma.418. 33
  • Wang, J., Jing, R., Lai, X., Zhang, H., Lyu, Y., Knoll, M. D., & Fang, H. (2020). Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China. Vaccines, 8(3), 482. https://doi/10.3390/vaccines8030482
  • World Health Organizaston (2021). COVID-19 advice for the public: Getting vaccinated. Available at https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/covid-19-vaccines/advice
  • Yang, K., Liu, H., Ma, L., Wang, S., Tian, Y., Zhang, F., ... & Jiang, X. (2021). Knowledge, attitude and practice of residents in the prevention and control of COVID‐19: An online questionnaire survey. Journal of advanced nursing, 77(4), 1839-1855. https://doi/10.1111/jan.14718.
  • Yoda, T., & Katsuyama, H. (2021). Willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination in Japan. Vaccines, 9(1), 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9010048
  • Zhang, N., Liu, X., Jin, T., Zhao, P., Miao, D., Lei, H., ... & Li, Y. (2021). Weakening personal protective behavior by Chinese university students after COVID-19 vaccination. Building and Environment, 108367-108367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108367
  • Zhang, W. R., Wang, K., Yin, L., Zhao, W. F., Xue, Q., Peng, M., ... & Wang, H. X. (2020). Mental health and psychosocial problems of medical health workers during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 89(4), 242-250. https://doi/10.1111/jan.14718
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Orginal Research
Authors

Seda Tuğba Baykara Mat 0000-0002-3253-0597

Çisem Baştarcan 0000-0003-0101-0094

Okan Anil Aydin 0000-0001-5992-1611

Kadir Çalışkan 0000-0003-3074-613X

Publication Date October 27, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 8 Issue: 16

Cite

APA Baykara Mat, S. T., Baştarcan, Ç., Aydin, O. A., Çalışkan, K. (2022). The Relationship Between Personal Protection Behaviors and Fear Levels of Healthcare Professionals Who Had Covid-19 Vaccine. Journal of International Health Sciences and Management, 8(16), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.48121/jihsam.1048654
AMA Baykara Mat ST, Baştarcan Ç, Aydin OA, Çalışkan K. The Relationship Between Personal Protection Behaviors and Fear Levels of Healthcare Professionals Who Had Covid-19 Vaccine. Journal of International Health Sciences and Management. October 2022;8(16):1-8. doi:10.48121/jihsam.1048654
Chicago Baykara Mat, Seda Tuğba, Çisem Baştarcan, Okan Anil Aydin, and Kadir Çalışkan. “The Relationship Between Personal Protection Behaviors and Fear Levels of Healthcare Professionals Who Had Covid-19 Vaccine”. Journal of International Health Sciences and Management 8, no. 16 (October 2022): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.48121/jihsam.1048654.
EndNote Baykara Mat ST, Baştarcan Ç, Aydin OA, Çalışkan K (October 1, 2022) The Relationship Between Personal Protection Behaviors and Fear Levels of Healthcare Professionals Who Had Covid-19 Vaccine. Journal of International Health Sciences and Management 8 16 1–8.
IEEE S. T. Baykara Mat, Ç. Baştarcan, O. A. Aydin, and K. Çalışkan, “The Relationship Between Personal Protection Behaviors and Fear Levels of Healthcare Professionals Who Had Covid-19 Vaccine”, Journal of International Health Sciences and Management, vol. 8, no. 16, pp. 1–8, 2022, doi: 10.48121/jihsam.1048654.
ISNAD Baykara Mat, Seda Tuğba et al. “The Relationship Between Personal Protection Behaviors and Fear Levels of Healthcare Professionals Who Had Covid-19 Vaccine”. Journal of International Health Sciences and Management 8/16 (October 2022), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.48121/jihsam.1048654.
JAMA Baykara Mat ST, Baştarcan Ç, Aydin OA, Çalışkan K. The Relationship Between Personal Protection Behaviors and Fear Levels of Healthcare Professionals Who Had Covid-19 Vaccine. Journal of International Health Sciences and Management. 2022;8:1–8.
MLA Baykara Mat, Seda Tuğba et al. “The Relationship Between Personal Protection Behaviors and Fear Levels of Healthcare Professionals Who Had Covid-19 Vaccine”. Journal of International Health Sciences and Management, vol. 8, no. 16, 2022, pp. 1-8, doi:10.48121/jihsam.1048654.
Vancouver Baykara Mat ST, Baştarcan Ç, Aydin OA, Çalışkan K. The Relationship Between Personal Protection Behaviors and Fear Levels of Healthcare Professionals Who Had Covid-19 Vaccine. Journal of International Health Sciences and Management. 2022;8(16):1-8.