Use of Plant Immunostimulant in Aquaculture

Year 2017, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 249 - 256, 30.09.2017

Esin Baba

Abstract

The major components of the innate immune system are macrophages, monocytes, granulocytes,
and humoral elements, like lysozyme or complement system which constitute the frst line of defence against
invading pathogens in fsh. Medicinal herbs as immunostimulants of the medicinal herbs increase resistance to
disease by enhancing nonspecifc and specifc defence mechanisms. The active compounds of herbs activate
several components of the immune system, such as phagocytes, natural killer cells, T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes,
complement, and lysozyme. In this context plants or their by products are preferred since they contain several
phenolic, polyphenolic, alkaloid, quinine, terpenoid, lectine, and polypeptide compounds many of which have
been shown to be very effective alternatives to antibiotics, chemicals, vaccines, and other synthetic compounds.
Administration of herbal extracts or their products at various concentrations through oral (diet) or injection route
enhance the innate and adaptive immune response of different freshwater and marine fsh and shellfsh against
bacterial, viral, and parasitic diseases. The present review describes the role of medicinal herbs and their products
on innate and adaptive immune response of fsh.

Keywords

Immunostimulant, aquaculture, plant extract, non-specifc immune system

Su Ürünleri Yetiştiriciliğinde Bitkisel İmmunostimulant Kullanımı

Abstract

Doğal bağışıklık sisteminin önemli komplementleri makrofajlar, monositler, granülositler ve lizozim,
komplement gibi humoral elementler balıklarda patojenlerin istilasına karşı ilk savunma mekanizmasını oluştururlar.
Tıbbi bitkiler bir immunostimulant olarak spesifk ve spesifk olmayan savunma mekanizmasıyla hastalıklara karşı
direnci artırabilmektedirler. Bitkilerin aktif bileşenleri lizozim, komplement, B ve T lenfositleri, doğal öldürücü
hücreler ve fagositoz gibi bağışıklık sisteminin çeşitli komplementlerini etkinleştirebilirler. Bu bağlamda, bitkiler
ve onların yan ürünleri bağışıklık sistemini güçlendirmek için tercih edilebilmektedir. Bitkiler, fenolik, polifenolik,
alkoloid, kinon, terpenoid, lektin ve polipeptit bileşikleri içermektedir. Bu bitkilerin çoğu antibiyotiklere,
kimyasallara, aşılara ve diğer sentetik bileşiklere oldukça etkili alternatifler olarak gösterilmektedirler. Su ürünleri
yetiştiriciliğinde bitkisel ilaçların aynı zamanda antimikrobiyal aktivite gösteren, gelişmeyi kolaylaştıran ve kültür
edilen türlerin olgunlaşmasında etkisi olduğu bunun yanı sıra yoğun yetiştiricilik yapılan çiftliklerde anti-stres
özelliklerinin olduğu herhangi bir çevresel tehlike oluşturmadan kullanıldıkları bilinmektedir. Bitki ekstraktları ya
da onların ürünlerinin çeşitli konsantrasyonlarda oral ya da enjeksiyon yolu ile uygulanması farklı tatlı su ve deniz
balıklarında bakteriyel, viral ve parazitik hastalıklara karşı doğuştan ve adaptif immün cevabı artırmaktadır. Bu
derlemede, balıklarda doğal ve adaptif immün cevap üzerine tıbbi bitkiler ve onların rolü açıklanmaya çalışılacaktır

Keywords

İmmunostimulant, yetiştiricilik, bitki ekstraktı, spesifk olmayan immunite

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